Vitamins PDF

Vitamins * In 1913 thiamin was discovered as the first vitamin ,...

Vitamins * In 1913 thiamin was discovered as the first vitamin , the "vital amine" necessary to prevent the deficiency disease beriberi... * Today , 13 vitamins have been identified as important for human nutritionn..... * Notes A....... ④ Organic compounds made of carbon , hydrogen , oxygen , and Sometimes other elements.... nitrogen or - Facilitate biochemical reactions within cells s... Individual molecules (Not chain and Essential to life - long linked together). energy (calories) they Do not provide but are needed for metabolism energy - , - Needed in microgram or milligram quantities (small amount... * Vitamins are chemically defined (Extremely complex chemical substances).. I d News & - * vitamins are susceptible to destruction and subsequent loss of function As (UC Is destroyed by heat and earl - * vitamins may exist in more than one form a Cretinol imp for reproduction retinal imp, for vision , retinoic acid I (provitamins (PRECURSER of US) Beta carotene is a provitamin of VA. * with few exceptions (body can make UA VD - and niacin if a precursors a available and Microorganisms in 67 track to synthesize - UK and VB32 but not enough body the body cannot make vitamins.... Note many * * enzymescannotfunctionwithof.... I  Vitamin A Preformed vitamin A is found only – Vitamin E in animal () Vitamin A Generic term that describes a group of at – sources Best known for its roles in normal vision, – least 8 Also includes provitamin A – reproduction, growth, and immune system naturally occurring compounds carotenoids ( a group of retinol functioning Alpha-tocopherol is considered the most – precursors) Body can store up to a year’s supply of – biologically active form of vitamin E o Natural plant pigments found vitamin A Functions as the primary fat-soluble – in deep yellow and orange fruits Only preformed vitamin A is toxic in high – antioxidant in the body and vegetables and most dark- doses Protects polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) – green leafy vegetables Beta carotene is nontoxic – and other lipid molecules, such as LDL o Beta-carotene, lutein, and Hypercarotenemia (harmless condition, skin – cholesterol, from oxidative damage lycopene are among the most colored to yellowish-orange) commonly known carotenoids Vitamin K Vitamin D Occurs naturally in 2 forms – Unique in that the body has the – Primary function of vitamin D is to maintain normal – o Phylloquinones, found in plants potential to make all of the vitamin D it blood concentrations of calcium and phosphorus o Menaquinones, which are needs if exposure to sunlight is optimal Vitamin D is important for immune function – and liver and kidney function are normal It is possible to fulfill the vitamin D requirement by – synthesized in the intestinal tract o Cholecalciferol taking a daily 15-minute walk in the sun under optimal by bacteria conditions Another distinctive feature of vitamin D – Coenzyme essential for the synthesis of prothrombin – Winter, living in northern Deficiency does not occur from inadequate intake – is that it acts like a hormone because it latitudes – and but may occur secondary to malabsorption syndromes is synthesized in one part of the body being of black race and older or the use of certain medications that interfere with ,.age are, associated with low vitamin D synthesis (skin) and stimulates functional activity vitamin K metabolism or synthesis, such as elsewhere anticoagulants and antibiotics 📌