NUTRITION - Unit 4 PDF

# NUTRITION - Unit 4 ## Nutrition - The process of eating food and absorbing it into the body. ## Nutrients - Food substances. ### Carbohydrates - Two main types: - **Starches:** Found in food such as rice. - **Sugars:** Found in fruit, honey. - Bread, rice, pasta, potatoes are carbohy...

# NUTRITION - Unit 4 ## Nutrition - The process of eating food and absorbing it into the body. ## Nutrients - Food substances. ### Carbohydrates - Two main types: - **Starches:** Found in food such as rice. - **Sugars:** Found in fruit, honey. - Bread, rice, pasta, potatoes are carbohydrates. - Provide the body with energy. ### Lipids - Can be divided into two types: - **Fats:** Derived from animal or plant sources. - **Oils:** Com mainly from plant sources. - Oils, butter, nuts, avocado are lipids. - Provide energy and protect organs. ### Proteins - Are necessary for growth and repair cells and tissues. - Meat, fish, chicken, eggs, beans are sources of protein. ### Vitamins - Source: Fruits, vegetables. - Supports various body functions, such as immunity and growth. ### Minerals - Source: Leafy vegetables, whole grains, milk. - Strengthens bones and teeth. ## Note - Vitamins and minerals are needed by the body very small but they are important for human health. ### Fibre - Source: Fruits, vegetables, whole grains. - Improves digestion and prevents constipation. ## Vocabulary - **Divided:** meaning: ينقسم - **Derived:** meaning: یشق - **Sleep:** meaning: ينام - **Asleep:** meaning: نائم - **Include:** meaning: يتضمن - **Exclude:** meaning: يستثني - **Kind:** meaning: رحيم, نوع - **Diet:** meaning: حميه, وجبه - **Properly:** meaning: صحيح, بشكل سليم - **Probably:** meaning: من المحتمل - **Supply:** meaning: یزود - **Water supply:** meaning: خزانات الحياة ## Questions - **How many paragraphs are there in the passage?** Number them. - **What is the first word of the second paragraph of the Reading passage?** ## True or False? - The food we eat every day is called our diet. (True) - A balanced diet consists of many different foods that give us everything our body needs. (True) - When you are asleep you don't need any energy. (False) - Sugar is a type of carbohydrates. (True) - Honey, potatoes and butter are examples of energy foods. (True) - Bread and rice contain some protein. (True) - Bean dishes like "fasoolia" and "foul mudammes" contain useful protein. (True) - Vitamins and minerals are only found in meat. (False) - Roughage, or cellulose fibre, is found in both meat and vegetable foods. (False) - Fibre is useless to the human body, and we should avoid it in our diet. (False) ## Nutrients - Starch, protein, vitamins, etc. are examples of nutrients (substances in our food which are necessary to the body). - **How many different classes (kinds or types) of nutrients are mentioned in the text?** - List them, and give examples of food containing each type of nutrient. - **Carbohydrates:** Starch, rice, sugar, sugar beet - **Lipids:** Fats, butter, oil, olive oil. - **Proteins:** Chicken, eggs. - **Vitamins:** Meat, milk. - **Minerals:** Fish, milk. - **Fibre:** Fruits, vegetables. ## Using information in the text to answer these questions: - If people cannot afford to eat much meat or other animal products, which other foods should they eat, to be sure of getting a balanced diet? - Some people are vegetarians: they believe that killing animals is wrong, so they never eat meat or fish. How can vegetarians get sufficient protein in their diet? - Is it good enough to take vitamin tablets instead eating fresh vegetables or fruit? Why, or why not? ## Look at this sentence from the text: - Meat, fish, chicken eggs and milk products are high in protein. ## Exercise: Complete the following sentences using similar constructions. (Practise using different constructions) - Butter, made from wheat or sorghum **is high in** starch. - Fat, protein, vitamins and calcium **are found in** milk. - Cheese and yogurt **are high in** protein, fat, minerals and calcium. - Yogurt also **is high in** special bacteria which are good for health. - Liver **is high in** protein, iron and vitamins. - Green vegetables and herbs, such as parsley **are high in** vitamins and minerals. - Food for young children should **contain** a variety of nutrients necessary for growth. - Fibre, or roughage, **isn't found in** whole grains, vegetables and fruit. - Good sources of vegetable protein **are found in** beans, milk. # Look at the Passive - As you have seen, the Passive is used extensively in academic and scientific writing. And often, in these Passive sentences, the do-er of the action is not mentioned. Find these, and other examples in the Reading text, and think about why the do-er is not mentioned in these sentences: - Starches **are found** in foods such as rice... - The sugar we eat **is manufactured** from several different plants.... - Lipids **can be divided** into two types.... ## Need/Necessary - Look again at the first paragraph of the text: - We need food to live.... food **is also necessary** for growth... - The body **needs** energy to stay alive. - Proteins **are necessary** for the growth and repair of the body. - Vitamins and minerals **are needed** by the body... ## Exercise: Complete the sentences below in a similar way: - A small amount of iron **is needed** by the body for the formation of red blood cells. - We do not really **need** to eat sugar in our diet, since the body can make sugar from other carbohydrates. - Sugar in the diet **is not really necessary** for good health, since our bodies can make it from other sources. - If you eat more than your body **needs**, you may get fat. - Energy foods **are necessary** for keeping the muscles and vital organs working. ## Word-Study - The process of eating food and absorbing it into the body is called nutrition. - Nutrition is also the science or study of the body's dietary needs. - People who study food may be called nutritionists or dietitians. - Food which contains a good supply of nutrients is nutritious food, or nourishing food... - A malnourished person suffers from malnutrition. ## Quick Test 4 - Answer the following questions by choosing the correct answer (A, B, C, Or D). 1. After an illness or injury, our body needs to *** any damage to its cells and organs. - **D. Repair** 2. Bread, vegetables and meat are important components of our *** - **B. Diet** 3. During the process of digestion, the body *** nutrients from food. - **C. Absorbs** 4. Fat, butter and vegetable oils are examples of *** - **D. Lipids** 5. The brain, heart and lungs are examples of *** - **B. Vital organs** 6. Beans, lentils and chickpeas are good *** of vegetable protein. - **C. Sources** 7. Sorghum, rice and wheat are examples of *** - **B. Grains** 8. Fats such as butter are *** at lower temperatures, but they become liquid when heated. - **A. Solid** 9. A*** of vitamins is the same as a deficiency of vitamins - **D. Lack** 10. A low-fibre diet can cause ***. This means slow or difficult bowel movement. - **D. Constipation**