Vehicle Rescue A_O_2018 PDF - Vehicle Extrication

Vehicle Extrication: Level 1 Bucks County Community College Department of Public Safety Training and Certification Bucks County Community College 1 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Principles of Vehic...

Vehicle Extrication: Level 1 Bucks County Community College Department of Public Safety Training and Certification Bucks County Community College 1 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Principles of Vehicle Extrication 3rd Edition Chapter 1 — Introduction to Vehicle Extrication  Learning Objectives Define extrication, disentanglement, and rescue. Define organizations relevant to extrication operations Describe the roles performed by the organizations relevant to extrication operations Bucks County Community College 3 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Learning Objectives Identify the responsibility of the rescue organization Define AHJ and SOPs/SOGs Identify potential dangers found during a hazard risk assessment Identify facts regarding operation capability and training requirements Bucks County Community College 4 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Learning Objectives Identify extrication equipment and PPE requirements Identify the benefits of after action reporting Describe the roles & responsibilities of personnel responding to extrication incidents Bucks County Community College 5 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 6 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Phases of Extrication Hazard Assessment & Size-up Hazard Control & Incident Stabilization Gaining Access & Patient Assessment Disentanglement Patient Packaging Extrication Bucks County Community College 7 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Definitions Extrication – the removal and treatment of a patient(s) trapped by machinery or equipment Disentanglement – the manipulation of vehicle or machinery components to provide for the removal of a packaged patient(s) Rescue – Removing a patient from an untenable or unhealthy situation or atmosphere Bucks County Community College 8 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Extrication Extrication operations are driven or guided by the condition of the patient(s) and the associated hazards of the incident. All hazards must be identified and managed prior to starting extrication operations. The safety of responders and patients is a key element for the decision-making process at an extrication incident. Bucks County Community College 9 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Organizations Specific to Extrication. Develops and coordinates policies USDOT Policies and programs designed to protect and improve U.S. transportation system NHTSA Sets and enforces safety standards Funds state and local highway safety programs IIHS Crash avoidance and crashworthiness of vehicles Evaluates physical and environmental factors Bucks County Community College 10 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Organizations Specific to Extrication. Manages voluntary standardization ANSI Facilitates development; does not develop standards Develops technical consensus standards NFPA® Develops fire training and public education materials Primary regulatory agency of vehicle and Transport highway safety in Canada Canada Works with other partners to provide vehicle safety information Bucks County Community College 11 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Organizations Specific to Extrication. Provides guidance on transportation TERC for emergency services Several goals Responsible for determining probable NTSB causes of transportation accidents Bucks County Community College 12 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Rescue Organization Responsibilities. Conform to Ensure member Comply with nationally training is laws/regulations recognized appropriate standards Bucks County Community College 13 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  AHJ and SOP Concepts Authority having jurisdiction Standard operating procedures Bucks County Community College 14 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Rescue Organization Responsibilities Conduct hazard/risk assessment surveys Develop written response plans - SOP/SOG Set minimum entrance requirements Determine response/operational capabilities Provide training opportunities for personnel Provide required equipment and PPE Establish a Safety Program Bucks County Community College 15 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Hazard & Risk Assessment Defined as a formal review of potential and probable hazards and risks that may be encountered while performing key functions during a rescue/extrication emergency Bucks County Community College 16 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Hazard & Risk Assessment Rescue/Extrication Hazard & Risk Assessment – Identify potential hazards – Assess the level of risk within the response area – Determine the possible and probable rescue situations that could occur wit the response area Many levels of government perform Regional Vulnerability Studies Bucks County Community College 17 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Hazard & Risk Assessment Hazard and risk assessment surveys should be conducted prior to emergency rescue operations. Bucks County Community College 18 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Hazard and Risk Assessment Determine Identify possible potential rescue hazards situations Assess level of risk Bucks County Community College 19 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Written Response Plans Provide Adopted method for after formal changes and review revisions Updated as needed Bucks County Community College 20 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Written Response Plans & SOPs/SOGs Written Response Plans – Identify mutual aid organizations – Must be formally reviewed & adopted – Updated as required – Provide a method for implementing changes and revisions Bucks County Community College 21 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Written Response Plans & SOPs/SOGs SOP/SOG – Developed by the AHJ to address a broad range of emergency response topics – Adopted and implemented to maintain a safe response operation – Reviewed and updated as required – Provide a method for implementing changes and revisions Bucks County Community College 22 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Standard Operating Procedures Minimum Address entrance several areas requirements Safety Meet NFPA® program 1561 Role of Emergency Incident Safety medical care Officer Bucks County Community College 23 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  SOPs/SOGs Should describe the organization’s safety program Should address training requirements or levels – Train for the incident type Should address community needs and emergency specific response objectives Should match the operational response capability of the organization Bucks County Community College 24 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  SOPs/SOGs Consider all safety aspects of the associated hazards Maintain scene control – NIMS/ICS – National Incident Management System – NFPA 1561 – Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System Bucks County Community College 25 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Operational Capabilities Hazard/risk assessment Personnel training Internal/external resources Bucks County Community College 26 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © NFPA® 1670 – Response Levels (pg. 19) Awareness Operations Technician Bucks County Community College 27 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Extrication Equipment Identify equipment and resources available – Internally – Externally Acquire equipment applicable to the organization’s response level and capability Always maintain equipment in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations Bucks County Community College 28 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Extrication Equipment Identify Train Acquire Maintain List Bucks County Community College 29 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Extrication PPE Must be selected and suited for the anticipated hazards and risks Personnel should be trained in the capabilities and limitations of their PPE Personnel require training in the following: – Inspection; care and maintenance; use and operation Bucks County Community College 30 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © PPE must suit the hazards faced by the organization. Train personnel Capabilities Proper Care and and Proper use inspection maintenance limitations Bucks County Community College 31 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Respiratory Protection Respiratory protection may be required for certain extrication incidents – WMD – Fire & explosion potential – Bio-hazards – IDLH environments Bucks County Community College 32 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Respiratory Protection Types of respiratory equipment commonly used at rescue/extrication emergencies – SAR – Supplied Air Respirator – APR – Air Purifying Respirator – PAPR – Powered Air Purifying Respirator – SCBA – Self-contained Breathing Apparatus Each of the respiratory types have defined capabilities and limitations Bucks County Community College 33 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © After Action Reviews serve two main purposes. Improve organizational Identify strengths and operations and weaknesses processes (lessons learned) Bucks County Community College 34 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  After Action Reports Also know as Post Incident Analysis (PIA) An evaluation tool used for project or incident improvement The After Action Review Process plays an important role regarding the efficiency and effectives of rescue/extrication response efforts Bucks County Community College 35 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Rescue personnel must develop the skills necessary for safe extrication. Recognize Resist the urge Understand dangers to rush in safety needs Devise and Assess the Make informed implement an situation decisions action plan Bucks County Community College 36 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Size-up Defined as an ongoing evaluation process of the incident and response efforts Size-up results in a dynamic plan of action Assesses all possible conditions, contributing factors, and resource requirements Bucks County Community College 37 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Size-up Considerations Rescue or Recovery Risk/hazard analysis – Rescuers are not responsible for the emergency situation – Consider risk vs. reward Safety & Survival Priorities Bucks County Community College 38 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Size-up Considerations Safety & Survival Priorities – Self – Fellow rescuers – Bystanders – Patients An effective risk assessment and hazard identification and control process sets the stage for success Bucks County Community College 39 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Rescuers must understand critical information. Resource How to Patient Mechanisms capabilities activate local and entrapment of injury response limitations Vehicle Vehicle crash Scene Vehicle construction dynamics control and stabilization protection Bucks County Community College 40 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Critical Skill Sets Protecting Safe use of On-scene and Rescuer equipment medical care packaging protection and tools patients Leave area Transfer Accessing Patient and vehicles patients to patients assessment in safe EMS condition Bucks County Community College 41 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Extrication Incident Action Priorities Life Safety Incident Stabilization Property & Environmental Conservation After Action Review Bucks County Community College 42 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Life Safety Personnel safety & protection – Rescuers, bystanders, patients Implementing NIMS/ICS Ongoing hazard & risk assessment Bucks County Community College 43 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Incident Stabilization Scene control & protection Stabilizing the vehicle(s) Stabilizing & removing entrapped patients Eliminating ignition and other energy sources Providing fire protection & hazmat control as needed Bucks County Community College 44 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Property & Environmental Conservation Implementing procedures that minimize property and environmental damage Consider non-destructive mitigation methods Provide security for unprotected property immediately after the incident is controlled Implementing confinement and containment strategies Bucks County Community College 45 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  After Action Review What was preplanned? What actually occurred? What was the cause of the incident? What were the strengths & weaknesses of the response actions? What can be done to improve response operations? (lessons learned) Bucks County Community College 46 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Incident Roles & Responsibilities Rescue personnel Other Law response enforcement agencies Emergency Fire service Medical Services Bucks County Community College 47 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Rescue Group Responsible for the following: – Vehicle stabilization – Patient access actions – Patient stabilization – Disentanglement – Packaged patient removal Bucks County Community College 48 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Law Enforcement Group Traffic control Crowd control Investigation of accident/incident root-cause Bucks County Community College 49 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  EMS Group Evaluating (triage), treatment, & transportation of patients Initiate treatment as soon as it can be done safely Works with Rescue Group Bucks County Community College 50 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Fire Suppression Group Fire protection for the incident Controlling ignition & various energy sources On-scene protection for rescue/extrication crews, patients, EMS personnel and others working in or around the hot zone Bucks County Community College 51 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Other Response Agencies May provide support to the overall operation Utility Companies State or Provincial DOT Private Industry Response Teams Towing & Recovery Companies Bucks County Community College 52 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Summary Vehicle and machinery extrication involves most emergency response organizations. Following regional and national standards is crucial to safety for all extrication organizations. Incident size-up is critical to success Rescue/extrications always involve people in need Bucks County Community College 53 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Summary (cont.) Success depends on a variety of skills, knowledge, and abilities. Selection of rescuers is based on physical strength, emotional strength, and willingness and ability to learn various aspects of extrication. Bucks County Community College 54 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Vehicle Extrication: Level 1 Bucks County Community College Department of Public Safety Training and Certification Bucks County Community College 55 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Principles of Vehicle Extrication 3rd Edition Chapter 2 — Extrication Incident Management  Learning Objectives Identify standards that relate to managing an extrication incident. Identify basic facts about safety requirements for extrication incidents. Describe the importance of training to extrication incident safety. Bucks County Community College 57 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © 1–57  Learning Objectives Identify facts about the early stages of an emergency extrication response. Describe the duties performed by outside agencies during an extrication operation. Describe Incident Command/Management as it relates to extrication operations. Bucks County Community College 58 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Learning Objectives Identify key components of an extrication operation. Describe the duties performed by extrication personnel at an extrication operation. Bucks County Community College 59 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Extrication Standards Rescue/extrication operations are addressed through several NFPA standards – NFPA 1670 – Training & Response Levels – NFPA 1006 – Minimum standards for professional certification testing for Technical Rescue – NFPA 1500 – Fire Department Occupational Safety & Health – NFPA 1561 – Emergency Services Incident Management System Bucks County Community College 60 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Presidential Directive HSPD – 5 – Directs federal, state, local, and tribal entities to operate with the NIMS-ICS system The primary purpose is to ensure that an incident management system will interface with outside response agencies during an emergency. Bucks County Community College 61 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Extrication Incident Safety The success of an extrication operation is defined by two criteria: – Effectiveness – Safety Both areas are closely interrelated Bucks County Community College 62 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Safety A safe extrication environment begins with key elements that may expand during the operation. Incident Action Plans must be dynamic in nature and flexible to meet the challenges of the incident. Bucks County Community College 63 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Training Training provides essential knowledge and skill sets to rescue personnel. Working knowledge of strategies, tools, and techniques (tactics) How to function as a team member SOPs and pre-incident plans – Must be practiced during training – The responder’s role within SOPs Bucks County Community College 64 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Operational Assignments Operational assignments are based on the contributing factors related to the incident. Match the most qualified and capable crew members to the assigned task(s). Ongoing assessment of progress Bucks County Community College 65 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Operational Assignments Assignments should be detailed to personnel based on the following: – Working knowledge – Relevant experience – Competence & ability – Skill level – Physical & emotional strength and stability Bucks County Community College 66 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Operational Assignments It is equally important to consider the training and competencies of any mutual aid organizations. Scene management and control is another priority area when dealing with mutual aid agencies. Bucks County Community College 67 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Medical Component Due to the nature of the incident, rescuers can sometimes be injured during a rescue/extrication operation. Risks are managed through the following: – Training & experience of responders – Probable outcomes for the actions considered – Equipment reliability & application – Built-in procedural safety margins Bucks County Community College 68 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Rescue personnel place themselves at risk to reach patients in distress. Bucks County Community College 69 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Medical Component BLS unit should be readily available to manage potential rescuer injuries The incident’s medical component is focused on the following: – Triage – Treatment – Transportation Bucks County Community College 70 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Rescue personnel place themselves at risk to reach patients in distress. Bucks County Community College 71 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Rehabilitation (Rehab) Rehab stations should be established at every prolonged operation. Contributing factors: – Due to heavy labor (physically demanding) – Environmental conditions – Accumulated activity (multiple calls) – Other health & safety factors Bucks County Community College 72 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Rehabilitation (Rehab) Rehab focus areas: – Rest – Rehydration – Medical evaluations – Crew rotation Bucks County Community College 73 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Rehabilitation (Rehab) Crew rotation criteria can vary between incidents. Factors include: – Environmental conditions – Time of incident – Required PPE section – Assigned tasks Equipment and labor Bucks County Community College 74 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Mitigation of potential hazards may delay extrication operations. Bucks County Community College 75 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Mitigating Potential Hazards Common extrication hazards: – Traffic – Utilities (water, electric, gas, sewer) – Vehicle fluids – Hazardous materials Containers and product – Damaged or involved vehicles Bucks County Community College 76 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Mitigating Potential Hazards When addressing hazard management strategies, consider the patient(s) condition and exposure. Rescue vs. Recovery Scene control is critical – Freelancing can lead to injuries and increased exposure to risks and hazards Bucks County Community College 77 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Incident Safety Officer (ISO) An Incident Safety Officer(s) (ISO) required during extrication operations Performs an ongoing assessment of incident actions and conditions Bucks County Community College 78 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Incident Safety Officer (ISO) Appointed by the IC; if not appointed the IC takes on the responsibilities of an ISO. Appointment should be based on experience, knowledge, and ability for the dynamics of the incident. To be effective, the ISO must have a working knowledge of hazards, strategies, tactics, tools, and equipment. Bucks County Community College 79 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Personnel Accountability Required for effective and safe scene management Accountability needs to become part of the organization’s response culture Use accountability procedures during training sessions Bucks County Community College 80 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Emergency Extrication Response Technology enhancements have increase the amount and level of information received during extrication emergencies. Enhanced 9-1-1 GPS Telematics Bucks County Community College 81 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Implementing the Response: Pre-incident Planning Standardized Call for additional help or cancel excess Ensure effectiveness responses Automatic Response & Mutual Aid Resource capabilities Primary EMS Fire protection elements Law enforcement Other agencies Bucks County Community College 82 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Taking Charge All responders should be trained to accept initial command responsibilities – Making decisions to support IAP – Establishing tactical benchmarks – Monitoring safety & accountability – Managing resources – Evaluating progress Bucks County Community College 83 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Size-up begins prior to the arrival of an extrication team on scene. Scene Vehicle/Equipment Patient Observe More Assessment variables on detailed of trapped scene to assessment patients, decide if of number, done at more size/type, same time resources and as vehicle are needed condition Bucks County Community College 84 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Scene Assessment Match responding resources to the needs of the incident – What do you have? – Where is it going? – What do you need to control it? Are the resources, personnel and equipment, available for this incident? Bucks County Community College 85 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Size-up Incident – Observe variables on scene to decide if more resources are needed – Assess for specialized resources (task force) Hazmat Technical Rescue Suppression Bucks County Community College 86 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Size-up Vehicle(s) – Position – Stability – Condition Mechanism of injury Rollover, front, rear, or side impact Bucks County Community College 87 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Assessment of Patients Requires a more detailed evaluation of the injuries and entrapment factors Patients can extend beyond the involved vehicle areas Access to patients cannot begin until hazards are controlled and vehicles are stabilized Requires a risk/benefit decision-making process Bucks County Community College 88 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Triage Key assessment areas: Number of patients – Inside and outside vehicles Injuries and entrapment conditions Establish medical priorities Required transportation services – Land, air, water Bucks County Community College 89 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Extrication Assessment Task/resource assessment process The goal is to execute a safe and quick extrication Provides critical information need to support response decisions Resource management includes both personnel and equipment Bucks County Community College 90 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Patient Removal Assessment Two primary methodologies for the patient removal phase of extrication: Normal (standard) extrication – Concept of first removing the vehicle or machinery components away from the patient Rapid extrication – Used only in emergency life-threatening situations – Removal of patient in the first priority Bucks County Community College 91 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Outside expert assistance may be necessary to support the IC. May include a variety Should be of agencies, depending brought on situation directly to ICP Bucks County Community College 92 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Extrication: Incident Management Purpose is to organize the response – Enhance safety, efficiency, and effectiveness Working within an IMS should be routine to responders The first arriving unit should initiate an IMS – Single Command Structure – Unified Command Structure Bucks County Community College 93 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © The purpose of incident management is organization. Levels determined by several factors Established as NIMS-ICS part of required in operational U.S. routine IMS Bucks County Community College 94 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Extrication: Incident Management Incident Priorities Provide for safety & survival regarding response personnel Prevent further injuries to others Rescue those who can be saved Recover the remains of those who cannot be saved Bucks County Community College 95 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Extrication: Incident Management Extrication incidents can be simple or complex The required level of Incident Management is proportional to the conditions and complexity of the incident. – The more complex the incident, the more management structure required Bucks County Community College 96 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Command & Control Groups are Groups may based on be modified incident needs as needed The IC establishes the level of command & control Bucks County Community College 97 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Command & Control Groups Rescue/Extrication Group – Patient access, disentanglement, and extrication Medical Group – Triage & Treatment; Rehab – Transportation: Air; Ground; Water Suppression Group – Suppression & RIT as required Law Enforcement Group – Traffic & Crowd Control Bucks County Community College 98 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Managing Environmental Exposures Identify Rescuers possible shelter in pre-planning Temporary Protect patients shelters Temperature Permanent control shelters Bucks County Community College 99 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Apparatus Placement Shadow vehicle Bucks County Community College 100 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Thailand Incident Video Bucks County Community College 101 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Traffic control can be accomplished using various devices. Bucks County Community College 102 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Traffic Control An important hazard to control regarding vehicle extrication incidents Route traffic into unobstructed lanes or areas Been seen; wear required PPE for working on the highways Observe traffic movement Be cautious when moving about the incident Bucks County Community College 103 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Flaggers and channeling devices can be useful for traffic control. Wear Flaggers Position Use Position IAW MUTCD Channeling Minimum number devices Bucks County Community College 104 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Control Zones Restricted (hot) Zone – The area where the rescue operation is taking place. High hazard area. Limited Access (warm) Zone – The are immediately outside of the Hot Zone – Limited risk or exposure to hazards Support (cold) Zone – The area that surrounds the warm and hot zones – Unlikely risk or exposure to hazards Bucks County Community College 105 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Control zones are used to control risk and exposure. Bucks County Community College 106 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Procedures for evacuation routes are established in pre-planning. Means of notification Clear directions Assistance Medical monitoring Bucks County Community College 107 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © There are many hazards to recognize and control on-scene. Bucks County Community College 108 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Extrication is performed after all potential hazards are mitigated. Patient Extrication plan Stabilize vehicle considerations Remove Vehicle Disentangle packaged access/egress patients patients Bucks County Community College 109 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Determining Initial Patient Considerations As soon as the incident is rendered top be safe, the following action need to be completed: – Determine the number of patients – Confirm patient condition – Location and position within the vehicle – Mechanism of entrapped Bucks County Community College 110 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  The Extrication Plan Determine needed resources Stabilize the vehicle Prioritize patient access and removal Develop a treatment and patient packaging strategy Chose the safest extrication route Bucks County Community College 111 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Vehicle Stabilization Goal is to prevent unwanted movement of the vehicle – Horizontally – Vertically – Rotationally Utilize ropes, chains, cribbing, shoring, and chocks Bucks County Community College 112 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Vehicle Access & Egress Points Through the size-up process, determine the best strategy to provide vehicle access for medical personnel. From the information gathered through the inside rescuers, determine the safest route for removing packaged patients. Bucks County Community College 113 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Disentanglement Involves manipulating and/or removing vehicle components clear of the patient(s) – Disassemble (breakdown components in the reverse order of assembly) – Sever (cut) – Distort (change the shape of) – Displace (move from one place to another) Bucks County Community College 114 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Removal Removing a packaged patient from a vehicle – Packaging strategies must consider patient protection from injuries possibly sustained from moving through and from the vehicle Once removed, the patient must be transported to a medical facility. Bucks County Community College 115 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Terminating the Incident Begins when all patients have been removed and are transported to a medical facility Objective is to restore the incident to as close to normal as possible Normal access is permitted, travel routes are restored, utilities are secure, and all hazards mitigated Bucks County Community College 116 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Terminating the incident follows a specific process. All patients extricated, treated, Picking up and Restoring scene released or cleaning up transported Restoring Restoring traffic Conducting AAR operational flow and CISD readiness Bucks County Community College 117 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Terminating the Incident Operational readiness of the responding agencies is restored Begin the After Action Review Process – Conduct an on-scene debriefing – Conduct an incident critique – Complete an After Action Report Conduct a CISD as required Bucks County Community College 118 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Summary Proper organization and management creates a safer extrication incident for both rescuers and patients. Organization begins with pre-incident planning, the development of operational plans and SOPs that help guide personnel during the incident. Bucks County Community College 119 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Summary Resources invested in planning and training before incidents can help minimize injuries and loss of life during an extrication incident. Providing for incident termination and recovery, including personnel stress debriefing, is also necessary for successful extrication operations. Bucks County Community College 120 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Vehicle Extrication: Level 1 Bucks County Community College Department of Public Safety Training and Certification Bucks County Community College 121 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Principles of Vehicle Extrication 3rd Edition Chapter 3 — Vehicle Anatomy and Science  Learning Objectives Describe various vehicle classifications. Explain general vehicle anatomy. Distinguish among the types of vehicle frames. Describe supplemental restraint and rollover protection systems. Identify types of materials used in modern vehicle windows. Bucks County Community College 123 3–123 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Learning Objectives Identify types of vehicle fuels and fuel systems. Describe vehicle exhaust systems. Identify critical components of vehicle electrical systems. Describe vehicle power train systems. Describe the key vehicle science concepts. Bucks County Community College 124 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Passenger vehicles, cars, and light trucks come in a variety of styles. Designed for 10 people or less Do not include certain types Light truck Common types Bucks County Community College 125 3–125 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Medium and heavy trucks also come in a variety of types. Straight trucks Truck/Semi trailer Specialty trucks combinations Bucks County Community College 126 3–126 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Medium & Heavy Trucks Designed for hauling cargo and special chassis applications – Construction, fire apparatus, etc. Medium Trucks – Range from 13,000 – 33,000 GVW in the USA Heavy Trucks – > 33,000 lb. GVW with multiple axles Bucks County Community College 127 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Truck Chassis Types Straight Trucks – All axles are attached to one solid frame – May have two or three axles; could have a retractable axel as well (lift axles) – May be all powered or may have a “dummy axle” Semi-Trailer Combination – Single motorized tractor (truck) designed to pull one or more trailers – A “fifth-wheel device serves as the attachment point for the trailer Bucks County Community College 128 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Agricultural equipment requires personnel to be familiar with a variety of types. Tractor Skid loader Windrower Bucks County Community College 129 3–129 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Hazards Involving Agricultural Equipment Pinch points Rollover with entrapment Limb entrapment Amputations High trauma injuries Potential and kinetic energy Bucks County Community College 130 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Buses transport large numbers of people locally and regionally. Type A Type B Type C Type D Transit Commercial Specialty Bucks County Community College 131 3–131 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Construction - Knowledge Bus construction features differs from Automobiles Extrication methodologies that rescue services practices on automobiles may be impractical for a bus accident Knowledge of construction will better prepare rescuers Bucks County Community College 132 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  School Bus Regulations are Nationally Mandated Minimum design and construction standards Performance standards – windows, exits, rollover protection, vehicle body joint strength, fuel system integrity, seat safety and fire retardant properties of interior materials Bucks County Community College 133 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Type A School Bus Smallest – GVW=10,000 lbs Suburban-type vehicle Seating capacity approximately 8 people Motor beneath or in front of the windshield Bucks County Community College 134 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Type B School Bus Standard/chop van chassis GVW 10,000 lbs + Body added by manufacturer Seating 16 – 24 people Passenger door located behind front wheels Motor beneath or behind front windshield Bucks County Community College 135 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Type C School Bus Engine compartment protrudes from the front, GVW 10,000 lbs + Seating capacity 45 to 48 people Entrance door behind the front wheels Motor located in front of windshield Bucks County Community College 136 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Type D School Bus Flat front end bus Super models carry up to 100 people Front/rear mounted engines Driver’s seat and ingress/egress door located forward of front wheels Bucks County Community College 137 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 138 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Construction - Assembly The side and roof bows are 14 gauge steel. The are spaced 28 inches (sometimes 35 Inches) apart. The window header and stringers are attached between the bows Bucks County Community College 139 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Construction - Assembly Exterior sheet metal is now applied. 20 gauge steel is used here. Bucks County Community College 140 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Construction - Assembly The outer skin of the roof is 20 gauge steel and riveted to the bows at 2 inch intervals Bucks County Community College 141 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Construction - Assembly 16 gauge rub rails are installed. The locations are bottom of skirt, (near) the floor level, (near) the seat level and just under the window. Bucks County Community College 142 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Heavy equipment and machinery provide additional extrication challenges. Backhoe Cement truck Fork lift Bucks County Community College 143 3–143 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Heavy Equipment Hazards Crush injuries Pinch points Rollover entrapment Amputations Limb entrapment Full body entrapment Potential and kinetic energy Bucks County Community College 144 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Extrication Strategies Machinery & extrication strategies often include a slow methodical process Tactics often include: – Disassembly – Controlling energy sources (LO/TO) – Lifting and cribbing Bucks County Community College 145 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Every vehicle has eight sides to observe, evaluate, and deal with. Bucks County Community College 146 3–146 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Terminology Use descriptive terms to orient responders quickly: – Use Roof not top – Use floor not bottom – Use driver side not left – Use passenger side not right – Use front end and rear or back end – Use interior and exterior Bucks County Community College 147 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Vehicles are constructed of a variety of materials. Cast Iron Bucks County Community College 148 3–148 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 149 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Magnesium Parts Bucks County Community College 150 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Magnesium Car Fire Video Bucks County Community College 151 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Use of armor and ballistic protection is increasingly popular. Bucks County Community College 152 3–152 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Vehicle Integrity A vehicles structural integrity is proportional to the strength pf the chassis after the collision. Frame types: – Full or rigid frame – Space frame – Unibody – Monocque Bucks County Community College 153 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  A vehicle’s frame provides basic structural foundation and integrity. Bucks County Community College 154 3–154 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Full or Rigid Frame This design ahs bee around since the creation of vehicles Referred to as body-on-frame construction Accommodates body style changes without having to re-engineer frames Bucks County Community College 155 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Unibody Construction Also known as “unitized body” or “integral frame” A vehicles stress bearing elements (framework) is and sheet metal body parts are built together as one unit Spot welded unibody construction is the dominant automobile construction techniques used today Bucks County Community College 156 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Space Frame “Bird Cage” configuration Designed to support the entire load of the vehicle even of the outer skin is damaged The frame provided the structural support and the skin provides the aerodynamics Less weight – up to 50% less – Designed for performance and fuel efficiency Bucks County Community College 157 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Vehicle Anatomy 101 Bucks County Community College 158 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Take NOTE Subaru Ring Shape Frame 8 Layers of METAL Bucks County Community College 159 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 160 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Sub-Frame  ESP - Electric Stability Program  Sensors in suspension  Can drop the car up to 2 inches Bucks County Community College 161 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Both SRS and ROPS include benefits and challenges. Increased Difficult to collision stay current protection Potential Not readily safety hazard identified Bucks County Community College 162 3–162 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Where are all of they? Which ones are UNDEPLOYED? Bucks County Community College 163 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Hazards Accidental activation of one or more devices during extrication Hazards may not be readily identified Car safety is a dynamic field Air bags can deploy at speeds of up to 200mph Bucks County Community College 164 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Hazards Accidental activation of one or more devices during extrication Hazards may not be readily identified – Car safety is a dynamic field Air bags can deploy at speeds of up to 200mph Bucks County Community College 165 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS) The windshield is the major restraint of the vehicle Providing up to 80% of the vehicle’s A-post integrity SRS are designed to prevent/reduce occupant injuries Smart Systems were introduced in the late 1990s The time required to dissipate energy sources for a SRS can range from 1 second to 30 minutes Bucks County Community College 166 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Front impact air bags are intended to supplement seat belts. Bucks County Community College 167 3–167 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Head protection systems remain rigidly inflated after activation. Bucks County Community College 168 3–168 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  AIRBAG Controller Module Bucks County Community College 169 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  GAS CYLINDERS Up to 9000 PSI Bucks County Community College 170 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Front impact air bags are intended to supplement seat belts. Bucks County Community College 171 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  AIR BAGS, Undeployed DRIVER’S SIDE PASSENGER’S SIDE SIDE IMPACT BAG Bucks County Community College 172 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © AIR BAG MARKINGS Bucks County Community College 173 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 174 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 175 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Side-impact protection systems are mechanically operated. Do not require power Isolation Deploy Bucks County Community College 176 3–176 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Knee bolsters protect the lower legs of the driver. Bucks County Community College 177 3–177 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Seat belts are intended to restrain the wearer in the seat. Bucks County Community College 178 3–178 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Pretensioners instantly tighten the seat belt for maximum benefit. Bucks County Community College 179 3–179 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Pretensioners Often use pyrotechnics for activation Tied in with the vehicles air bag systems Usually located in the vehicle’s B-post – Responder must use caution when using cutting tools Pretensioners can explode when exposed to fire Bucks County Community College 180 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Child safety restraint devices are factory equipment in new vehicles. Bucks County Community College 181 3–181 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Energy-absorbing features can add lethal hazards to extrication. Crushable Struts bumpers Bucks County Community College 182 3–182 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Energy-absorbing steering columns protect the driver. Bucks County Community College 183 3–183 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Other features change the way an impact affects the vehicle. Courtesy of Heather and James Cripps Crumple zones Side-impact beams and bars Bucks County Community College 184 3–184 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © 1 8 5 Bucks County Community College 185 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Hood / Hatch Hydraulic Openers Bucks County Community College 186 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 187 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 188 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 189 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Rollover protection systems extend behind the passenger cabin. Bucks County Community College 190 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  ROPS Designed to deploy behind the passenger cabin Designed to support 1.5 times the weight of the vehicle without the roof collapsing; however, ROPS are not indestructible Designed to deploy when vehicle exceeds anticipated limits Bucks County Community College 191 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Each type of glass presents various hazards during extrication. Transparent Laminated Tempered Polycarbonate Armor Bucks County Community College 192 3–192 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 193 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Changes to fuel tank construction can impact extrication operations. Historically Aluminum or coated steel Modern Plastic Bucks County Community College 194 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Exhaust systems can be dangerous for rescuers due to the risk of burns. Bucks County Community College 195 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Electrical systems are designed to store electricity for vehicle systems. Wiring Alternator Fuses Lights, fans, Electrical Battery ancillary system equipment Bucks County Community College 196 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © There are two main types of battery systems in use. (Wet / Dry) Bucks County Community College 197 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  BATTERY Locations – Under hood UNDER – Trunk HOOD – Rear seat – Wheel well Hazards – Acid Disconnecting Cutting cables WHEEL WELL Bucks County Community College 198 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  More Battery Locations TRUNK BACK SEAT Positive cable runs next to rocker panel along with gas and brake lines Bucks County Community College 199 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Battery under air filter Negative Terminal Positive Terminal Bucks County Community College 200 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 201 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Cut HINGES and Fold Back Bucks County Community College 202 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Conventional fuels can ignite easily; steps should be taken to prevent fires. Bucks County Community College 203 3–203 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Alternative Fuels: Diesel Bio-Fuel Alcohol E 85 (85/15) “Flex Fuel” CNG / LPG Hybrid Electric Jet Hydrogen Bucks County Community College Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © 204  Bucks County Community College 205 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Bucks County Community College Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © 206 Roof was 25 Feet from Vehicle Bucks County Community College 207 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Hybrids Mid-Voltage (36 to 42 Volts) Full Hybrid (100 to 800 Volts) Tesla Roadster Bucks County Community College 208 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Full Hybrid – MOST on Road HIGH Voltage Hybrids Electric Motors can either assist or propel – May be more than one motor Battery Packs (100 to 800 Volts) Use Orange Wire (High Voltage) to power motors Also use Start/Stop Technology Prius Bucks County Community College 209 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Plug-In Hybrid PHEV (Plug-in High Energy Vehicle) Allow for greater distanced on electric Escape Plug-In Bucks County Community College 210 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Electric Hybrid No combustion Engine Pure Electric Leaf / Roadster Bucks County Community College 211 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  120 Volt Charging System 400 Volt Charging System Bucks County Community College 212 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Nissan LEAF DO YOU NOTICE ANYTHING? Bucks County Community College 213 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Solar Panel Electric Car Bucks County Community College 214 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Orange – Yellow – Blue Hi Voltage Cables Bucks County Community College Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © 215  Bucks County Community College 216 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Ford Escape – 330 Volts Highlander – 500 Volts Bucks County Community College 217 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 218 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 219 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  UPS Truck Hybrid Vehicle SEPTA Hybrid (H or 8000) Bucks County Community College 220 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Identify Hybrids: Emblem on Outside Bucks County Community College 221 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Identify Hybrids: 4th VIN is a “C” 2012 Cadillac Converj with Solar Panel Roof Bucks County Community College 222 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Identify Hybrids: Cooling Vent on Rear Deck Bucks County Community College 223 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © 2010 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Battery Vents Bucks County Community College 224 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Identify Hybrids: Visional Indications Bucks County Community College 225 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © The Hybrid SMART Key; Keyless ignition system Bucks County Community College 226 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Table Review Table 3.6 - Pages 102 - 104 Bucks County Community College 227 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Power train systems come in several configurations. Bucks County Community College 228 3–228 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Power train systems come in several configurations. Bucks County Community College 229 3–229 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Bucks County Community College 230 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Center of gravity greatly affects vehicle stability. Bucks County Community College 231 3–231 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Center of Gravity Stability is greatly affected by a vehicle’s center of gravity The center of gravity acts as a pivot point The higher the COG the more susceptible to rollover Cargo will change the COG The heavier the vehicle the greater its tendency to settle toward the stability of the ground Bucks County Community College 232 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Front-impact collisions force occupants forward. Bucks County Community College 233 3–233 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Rear-impact collisions can create unique problems depending on speed of impact. Bucks County Community College 234 3–234 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  In side-impact collisions the vehicle tends to fold around point of impact. Bucks County Community College 235 3–235 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  In rollovers, the vehicle may roll several times. Bucks County Community College 236 3–236 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Under-ride and override collisions present unique results. Bucks County Community College 237 3–237 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Rotational collisions result in spinning vehicles. Bucks County Community College 238 3–238 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Summary Rescuers should understand the common types of vehicles and general vehicle anatomy, including common terminology, construction, and materials used. When managing patients remember there is never just one impact or injury (Continued) Bucks County Community College 239 3–239 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Summary Knowing how supplemental restraint systems and energy-absorbing features help protect occupants can be useful in planning extrication. Hazards of vehicle systems and basic kinematics of injury can also assist rescuers in planning of extrication operations. Bucks County Community College 240 3–240 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Vehicle Extrication: Level 1 Bucks County Community College Department of Public Safety Training and Certification Bucks County Community College 241 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Principles of Vehicle Extrication 3rd Edition Chapter 4 — Extrication Equipment  Learning Objectives Identify personal protective equipment used at extrication operations. Describe universal precautions to be taken against blood borne pathogens. Describe equipment to be used to provide head, eyes, and face protection. Bucks County Community College 243 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Learning Objectives Identify basic facts about equipment to be used to provide hearing, body, foot, and hand protection. Describe various specialized protective equipment. Identify basic facts about caring for personal protective equipment. Bucks County Community College 244 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Learning Objectives Describe each type of rescue vehicle. Describe different types of rescue vehicle body construction. Identify basic facts about rescue vehicle chassis. Identify basic facts about special rescue vehicle equipment and accessories. Bucks County Community College 245 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Learning Objectives Identify types of extrication tools and equipment. Identify basic facts about the functions and purposes of various extrication tools and equipment. Describe the importance of routine operation checks and maintenance. Bucks County Community College 246 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © The ISO ensures personnel in the action area are wearing proper PPE. Factors for ISO PPE required choosing PPE Enforces SOPs and Most use standard Hazards, dictates changes as structure fire temperature, needed turnout humidity, Ensures PPE is worn May require environment in action area specialized gear Bucks County Community College 247 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Head, Eyes, & Face Protection Must meet applicable standard for the extrication type – NFPA 1971 – NFPA 1500 states that goggles or safety glasses be used in conjunction with a face shield Associated hazards regarding head, eyes, and face – Fluids, glass, debris, protruding objects, head injuries due to slips, trips, falls, and evironment Bucks County Community College 248 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Helmets must meet the requirements of NFPA® 1971. Bucks County Community College 249 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © A face shield is the most common protection for the face. Bucks County Community College 250 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Fire-resistant protective hoods are recommended at all extrications. Bucks County Community College 251 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Hearing Protection There are a lot of noise sources when operating at an extrication incident Consider patient protection as well as rescuers Hearing protection devices must be matched to the noise levels OSHA requires the use of hearing protection at or over 90dB. Bucks County Community College 252 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Selection of hearing protection is based on the sound level. Bucks County Community College 253 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Body protection could also address visibility concerns on-scene. Bucks County Community College 254 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Foot protection is an important part of the extrication ensemble. Bucks County Community College 255 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Foot Protection Required for protection for the following hazards: – Heat – Punctures – Impact Proper fit is also important to protect responders from fatigue and other foot injuries Bucks County Community College 256 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Hand Protection Hand protection is a critical piece of the extrication ensemble Rescuers are highly susceptible to cuts and crushing Protection from bio hazards must be addressed when considering hand protection Dexterity is an important area to consider when selecting hand protection Bucks County Community College 257 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Respiratory Protection Must match the equipment to the associated hazards Responders need to be informed on device’s limitations and safe operating procedures Plan for worst case scenario Bucks County Community College 258 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Always protect against exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Bucks County Community College 259 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Respiratory Protection SCBA – Self-contained breathing apparatus – Can be used in an IDLH environment – Has a limited air supply – Can be restrictive (weight and size) during rescue operation Bucks County Community College 260 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Respiratory Protection APR– Air Purifying Respirator or PAPR (Powered APR) – Cannot be used in an IDLH environment Must have an ample supply of oxygen in the work area (19.5% - 23.5%) – Use time is proportional to filter condition (clogging) – Not restrictive (weight and size) during rescue operation Bucks County Community College 261 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  APRs remove specific contaminants found in ambient air. Particulate-removing Vapor-and-gas removing Types Combination Do not supply air Air enters through filter or sorbent Functions Only worn in controlled atmospheres Bucks County Community College 262 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Rescuers must understand the limitations of using APRs. Bucks County Community College 263 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Respiratory Protection SAR– Supplied Air Respirator – Can be used in an IDLH environment – Use time is proportional to external air supply – Escape packs are required for safe operation – Less restrictive (weight and size) during rescue operation, especially in confined spaces – Limit work range is based on SAR air supply line Cannot exceed 300’ in length Bucks County Community College 264 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © SARs can also be chosen as respiratory protection. Supply air from Consist of body bank of harness Includes escape cylinders or regulator with pack system compressor attached mask Bucks County Community College 265 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted ©  Special Protective Equipment Some extrication may required the assistance of specialized personnel and equipment All responders should be familiar with these operations in order to properly support their efforts Interaction with these teams during training operations is critical Bucks County Community College 266 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Special protective equipment may be worn by technical rescue crews. Courtesy of Brian Canady, DFWIA Department of Public Safety Bucks County Community College 267 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Light rescue vehicles are designed to handle only basic functions. Bucks County Community College 268 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Medium rescue vehicles carry a variety of fire fighting equipment. Bucks County Community College 269 Department of Public Safety Training & Certification - Copyrighted © Heavy rescue vehicles carry a variety of heavier equipment. Provide support fo