Basic Biomedical Research MCQs with Answers PDF

Basic BASIC COURSE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH Cycle 1, 2 & 3 MCQs with Answers Assignment 1 1) Which of the following areas can be included c) Ethics committee approves the main in health research?...

Basic BASIC COURSE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH Cycle 1, 2 & 3 MCQs with Answers Assignment 1 1) Which of the following areas can be included c) Ethics committee approves the main in health research? study only after successful completion of i. Improving the health of the population. the pilot study ii. Predicting progression of a disease in a d) They are small scale studies patient 6) Before initiating a study involving primary data iii. Prevention of various diseases collection, the Principal Investigator must iv. To explore various societal, community ensure that various approvals are obtained. based and programmatic interventions for Which of the following approvals is absolutely disease prevention and control mandatory? a) i and ii a) Scientific committee approval b) i, ii and iv b) Ethics committee approval c) All of the above c) Technical committee approval d) None of the above d) Regulatory authority approval 2) What is appropriate for sample and sample 7) Which is the best source of information on size? 'effect modifiers' while exploring cause and a) Should be representative of the population effect relationship in a research study? [External validity or generalizability] a) Deductive thinking b) Should be adequate [power to draw b) Thorough review of literature meaningful inferences] c) Intelligent guessing c) Both 'a' and 'b' d) Discussing with experienced researchers d) Neither 'a' nor 'b' 8) The policy makers want to know whether 3) Which of the following statements are correct introduction of pentavalent vaccine in the regarding defining inclusion and exclusion national program is resulting in reduction in criteria in a study protocol? the number of Hemophilus influenza cases. a) They should be vague because this will Which of the following studies will they have allow greater and easy enrollment to conduct to find an answer? b) They should be very specific a) Case-control study c) They should be very large in number b) Field trial d) It is not important to define exclusion c) Ecological study criteria in a clinical trial d) Case series 4) Which of the following are examined as part of 9) What is true about Confounders? regulatory review? a) They affect both study variable as well as a) Information regarding transfer of funds outcome and utilization of funds b) Their effect can be minimized by proper b) Shipment of samples and transfer of data study design and through stratified outside the country analysis c) Sharing and protection of intellectual c) Both 'a' and 'b' property d) None of the above d) All of the above 10) Which of the following is not a type of study 5) Which of the following statements is not true design? in case of pilot study? a) Qualitative study a) They are conducted for developing and b) Observational study testing adequacy of research instruments c) Retrospective study b) They establish whether the sampling d) Pilot study frame and technique are effective 11) Any systematic error in the design, conduct or analysis of a study that results in an erroneous Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 1 Assignment 1 estimate of an exposure's effect on the risk of rotavirus disease. Which of the following disease is called: studies will they have to conduct to find an a) Confounding answer? b) Bias a) Case-control study c) Interaction b) Ecological study d) Stratification c) Field randomized trial 12) Which of the following is not part of ethics d) Case-series review of a project? 16) What effect does increasing the sample size a) Informed consent document and have upon the random error? procedure a) It increases the random error b) Competence of researcher and institute b) It has no effect on the random error conducting research c) It reduces the random error c) Sharing and protection of intellectual d) None of the above property 17) Which of the following will best describe the d) Care and support during and after scientific inquiry that seeks to understand the completion of research acceptability and functionality of a health 13) A study was conducted to assess the program? extrapyramidal side effects of a new a) Basic science research antipsychotic drug in patients with b) Translational research schizophrenia. Many of these patients were c) Clinical research smokers and some of them were on d) Implementation research anticholinergic drugs. What was the role of the 18) The following statements describe anticholinergic drugs in this study? confounding and effect modification. Which of a) Confounder the statement is/are correct? b) Random Variable a) In a study of relationship between coffee c) Effect Modifier drinking and oro-pharyngeal cancer; d) Independent Variable smoking is a confounder 14) Before initiating a study involving primary data b) In a study to explore relationship between collection, the Principal Investigator must hepatitis B infection and post-infection ensure that various approvals are obtained. hepatic sequelae, habit of alcohol drinking Which of the following approvals is absolutely acts as an effect modifier and patients with mandatory? this habit may be excluded from the study a) Scientific committee approval c) ‘a’ and ‘b’ Correct b) Ethics committee approval d) ‘a’ and ‘b’ Wrong c) Technical committee approval 19) Issues regarding shipment of samples and d) Regulatory authority approval transfer of data outside the country are 15) The policy makers want to know whether examined by: introduction of a new rotavirus vaccine in the a) Regulatory review national immunization programme is resulting b) Ethics review in reduction of morbidity and mortality from c) Scientific review Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 2 Assignment 1 d) None 26) Health research is usually focused on which of 20) Which of the following disciplines contribute the following areas? to health research? a) Estimation of disease burden in a a) Bio-medical research population b) Biostatistics b) Prevention of common diseases in the c) Social science research community d) All of the above c) Evaluation of public health programs 21) Which of the following best describes a study d) All the above done in a laboratory setting using animals? 27) Which of the following is NOT a component of a) Translational research a research study? b) Bench-based research a) Setting up the institute scientific c) Theoretical research committee d) Preventive research b) Calculating sample size 22) Which of the following review is NOT essential c) Development of a study tool before initiating a clinical trial? d) Framing the research question a) Scientific review 28) A researcher wants to study the relationship b) Peer review between COVID-19 infection in pregnancy and c) Regulatory review birth weight. Currently, there is no evidence d) Ethics review on this topic. Which of the following options is 23) Which of the following is NOT a type of study the scope of this health research? design? a) Verifying and confirming known a) Qualitative study information b) Observational study b) Getting additional or new information c) Retrospective study c) Evaluating ongoing programs d) Translational study d) All of the above 24) Which of the following statements is NOT 29) Which of the following is NOT a critical correct regarding errors in a health research? consideration in planning a health research? a) Random error is due to chance a) Adequate justification b) Systematic error is due to bias b) Clear and focused research question c) Random errors can be eliminated by c) Standard case definitions improving study design d) Financial gain d) Bias distorts the study results in one 30) Identify the CORRECT statement about direction implementation of a research 25) State whether true or false. Assigning roles a) Research findings must be approved by the and responsibilities to the team members is funder one of the fundamental principles of a b) Research finding must be error free research c) Adequate sample size is a prerequisite a) True d) Pilot study can be done during data b) False analysis stage _________ Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 3 Assignment 2 1) Which of the following is an element of life d) Choose the study design cycle of research? 7) A clear research question facilitates to do a) Identify data needs and spell out the the following research question a) Choose the most optimal design b) Formulate the objective and design the b) Identify who should be included as study study population c) Draw conclusion and give c) Specify the outcomes that should be recommendation to stakeholders measured d) All of the above d) All of the above 2) Which of the following verbs is preferably 8) Which of the following statements is used in the statement of objectives of an incorrect? analytical research study? a) A good research question should be a) Estimate Feasible, Interesting, Novel, Ethical and b) Determine Relevant c) Study b) A good research question should be in d) Describe epidemiological terms 3) Source(s) of research question is/are c) A good research question facilitates to a) Published literature choose optimal design b) Being alert to new ideas d) A good research question will focus on c) Careful observation and teaching one issue d) All of the above 9) The verb "estimate" is used in the objective 4) Which of the following is stated mainly for of analytical research studies statistical purpose? a) True a) Research question b) False b) Objectives 10) The process of refining the "ideas" into c) Research hypothesis research questions begins with general d) All of the above uncertainty about a health issue and narrow 5) If your objective is to estimate the down to a specific, concrete researchable prevalence of a health problem in a issue community in 2019, Identify the type of a) True research question this study is addressing b) False a) Analytical research question 11) Which of the following statement is b) Descriptive research question incorrect about a good research question? c) Hypothetical research question a) Research question should advance d) Experimental research question scientific knowledge, improve practice, 6) What is the first step in the life cycle of influence policy research? b) Research question should be approved a) Spell out the research question by the ethics committee b) Formulate the objective of the study c) Research question should confirms, c) Identify the data needs refutes or extends previous findings Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 1 Assignment 2 d) Feasibility should not be a criterion a) To determine the association of while developing research question maternal smoking during pregnancy 12) All the following are characteristic of good with respiratory infectious disease research hypothesis EXCEPT morbidity and mortality in infants a) Research hypothesis should be simple b) To estimate the lifetime prevalence of b) Research hypothesis should be devoid mental health morbidities among of any ambiguity about study elderly people in India participants and variables c) To describe the pattern of physical c) Research hypothesis should be focused activity among school going children on primary objective aged 6-18 years d) Research hypothesis should be written d) To describe the temporal and spatial once the study is completed trends of mortality due to 13) Which of the following verb is used in the cardiovascular diseases, by age and sex statement of objective of a descriptive in India during 2009-2019 research study? 18) All the following are components of 'FINER ' a) Estimate criteria for a research question EXCEPT b) Determine a) Feasible c) Examine b) Reliable d) Compare c) Novel 14) A research question states about what the d) Ethical results of the study might ultimately 19) Which is the last step in the life cycle of contribute to that particular field of science research? a) True a) Spell out the research question b) False b) Formulate the objective of the study 15) Purely descriptive research questions do not c) Formulate recommendations require a hypothesis d) Choose the study design a) True 20) The following are the steps in framing a research question. b) False I. Review of state-of-art information 16) Identify the type of research question if the II. Define measurable exposures & objective of a study is "To determine the outcomes effect of tobacco cessation services on III. Raise a question tuberculosis treatment outcomes among IV. Decide worth investigating by peer- patients with tuberculosis under National review Tuberculosis Elimination Program"? Choose the correct sequence of framing a a) Descriptive research question research question from below. b) Hypothetical research question a) I, II, III, IV c) Analytical research question b) II, IV, III, I d) Experimental research question c) I, III, IV, II d) III, I, II, IV 17) As per the following objectives a hypothesis 21) A clear research question is required in order should be stated for which study? to facilitate the following: Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 2 Assignment 2 a) To choose an optimal study design 27) Which of the following statement about study b) To identify the outcomes that need to be objective/s is FALSE? measured a) Objectives are stated in scientific terms c) To decide when the outcomes need to be b) Objectives can be primary and secondary measured c) Each objective is written using multiple d) All the above verbs 22) Characteristics of a good hypothesis are all, d) Objectives should be specific EXCEPT: 28) In the life cycle of research, ‘spelling out the a) There should be no ambiguity about the research question’ is followed by study variables a) Preparing data collection instrument b) It should be stated ‘a priori’ b) Formulating study objectives c) It can be revised based on the study c) Collecting data findings d) Formulating recommendation d) It should specify one exposure and one 29) How can the given study objective be outcome improved? “To understand the anaemia in 23) Which of the following is NOT an ideal source pregnancy” of a research question? a) Using appropriate action verb a) Reviewing the published literature b) Specifying the outcome measure b) Attending conferences where latest c) Specifying the study setting and time findings are shared period c) Observing keenly in the out-patient clinic d) All the above d) Mining existing datasets for research 30) Which of the following is NOT a step in framing question an ideal research question? 24) Which of the following is TRUE for a a) Literature review ‘Descriptive Research Question’? b) Peer review a) Involves observations to measure a c) Broadening the initial question quantity d) Defining measurable outcomes b) Involves comparison groups c) Tests the efficacy of interventions d) Requires hypothesis testing ______________ 25) Which of the following characteristics best describe a good research question? a) Feasible, Novel, Ethical b) Feasible, Noble, Ethical c) Ethical, Novel, Intuitive d) Fantastic, Novel, Relevant 26) State whether true or false. A research study is conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Ahmedabad city during April-June 2020. This is an example of analytical research question. a) True b) False Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 3 Assignment 3 1) The ability to apply the principles of analysis to c) It is not necessary to address the identify those studies which are unbiased and weakness of the study in a scholarly valid is called as manner a) Critical appraisal d) Sources should be accurately documented b) Information seeking 7) Critical appraisal is done in an organized and c) Information management systematic manner d) Systematic Review a) True 2) A __________ is a collection of articles, b) False abstracts, scientific proceedings, books, 8) The process of identifying, within a large citations etc. that is organized so that it can document collection, a subset of documents easily be accessed while doing literature whose content is most relevant to user's need review is called as a) Database a) Information retrieval b) Critical appraisal b) Information management c) Hard disk c) Systematic Review d) Index d) Narrative Review 3) Why should we need to do a literature review? 9) The query system in the information retrieval a) Save yourself from work process of literature review is b) Know the subject matter better a) User defined c) Suggest new research topics, questions b) Provider defined and methods c) Conditional d) All of the above d) Not structured 4) The process of scanning the literature 10) In the National Library of Medicine (NLM), efficiently using manual or computerized MeSH means methods to identify a set of potentially useful a) Medical Services Heading articles and books is called as b) Medical Subject Heading a) Information seeking c) Medical Subject Helpline b) Critical appraisal d) Medicine Services Helpline c) Database management 11) In literature review method of identifying d) Information retrieval studies which are unbiased and valid is known 5) In the Boolean search strategy AND tells that as critical appraisal. database that you want records that contain a) True all the words you specify b) False a) True 12) Choose the correct sequence of the steps of b) False systematically doing literature search from 6) Which of the following is unethical while below writing a Literature Review? a) Organize the information, identify the a) The contents from the studies should be lacunae, develop the research question, presented honestly synthesize the results b) The contents from the studies should not be distorted Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 1 Assignment 3 b) Identify the lacunae, develop the research d) Google scholar question, synthesize the results, organize 17) Literature searches are important to do at the the information start of a project; and do not need to continue c) Develop the research question, synthesize throughout the project. the results, organize the information, a) True identify the lacunae b) False d) Organize information, synthesize the 18) Which of the following search query should be results, identify the lacunae, develop the used to find the articles on chest pain other research question than angina? 13) All the following about literature review is a) Chest pain AND angina correct EXCEPT b) Chest pain OR angina a) It identifies lacunae in the existing c) Chest pain NOT angina knowledge about a topic d) Chest pain EXCEPT angina b) It saves valuable time for a researcher 19) A researcher wants to assess effects of c) It helps the researcher in arriving the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on conclusion of a study diabetes prognosis. For this, the researcher d) It suggests the researcher about new searches related articles in PubMed and research topics Google scholar. This process is known as 14) While drafting a scientific manuscript, a) Information retrieval literature review is useful on the following b) Indexing section EXCEPT c) Critical appraisal a) Introduction d) Data management b) Methods 20) Which of the following about MeSH is c) Results incorrect? d) Discussion a) MeSH thesaurus is controlled vocabulary 15) Which of the following about PubMed is produced by the National Library of incorrect? Medicine a) PubMed comprises more than 25 million b) It consists of sets of terms naming citations for biomedical literature descriptors in a hierarchical structure that b) Citations may include links to full-text permits searching at various levels of article from PubMed Central specificity c) PubMed is developed and maintained by c) It is used for indexing and searching of the National Centre for Biotechnology biomedical and health-related information Information (NCBI), at the U.S. National d) MeSH is used for EMBASE database Library of Medicine (NLM) 21) Which of the following is INCORRECT about d) PubMed is a paid service provider for literature review for a proposed study? searching of literature a) Begins with a systematic literature search 16) All the following are examples of databases b) Involves critical appraisal of retrieved a) MEDLINE studies b) EMBASE c) Presents existing knowledge concisely c) CINAHL d) Guides the findings of the proposed study Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 2 Assignment 3 22) A researcher conducts a review of literature to 27) The organized collection of articles, abstracts, identify a set of potentially useful articles and scientific proceedings, books, and citations books related to their research topic. This used for the purpose of literature review, is process is known as known as a) Indexing a) Database b) Critical appraisal b) Data management c) Data management c) Critical appraisal d) Information seeking d) Index 23) Literature review is a well thought out and 28) Which of the following does not satisfy the organized search for all literature published on ethical principles in conducting a literature a particular topic in a library or online review? database. a) Results of previous studies are presented a) True without distortion b) False b) Weaknesses of previous studies are 24) Which of the following search query in highlighted PubMed will give relevant articles for the c) Previous studies are accurately cited following question? “What is the burden of d) Reputation of study authors are gastroenteritis among children?” questioned a) Gastroenteritis OR children 29) For which of the following purpose is the b) Gastroenteritis AND children Boolean operator ‘OR’ commonly used in c) Gastroenteritis BUT children literature search? d) Gastroenteritis NOT children a) Connecting synonyms of one key concept 25) Which of the following Boolean operator will b) Connecting different key concepts give the highest number of results when used c) Connecting keywords which need to be between two given search terms? excluded a) AND d) Connecting keywords to narrow down the b) NOT results c) OR 30) Medical Subject Headings is a controlled d) ALL vocabulary thesaurus used for indexing 26) A researcher wants to study the effect of articles in physical activity on reduction of systolic blood a) PubMed pressure among patients with hypertension. b) Google scholar The researcher has identified a subset of c) Scopus document which are most relevant to the d) Health on Net research question within a large document collection. This process is known as a) Information management __________________ b) Critical appraisal c) Information retrieval d) Literature organization Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 3 Assignment 4 1) Which of the following must be considered a) Incidence density while measuring occurrence of a disease? b) Case fatality a) The number of people affected by the c) Disease specific mortality disease d) Attack rate b) The population size from which the cases 8) While measuring the frequency of a chronic of disease arise disease in a community in terms of Incidence c) The length of the time the population is per 1000 persons per year, and point followed prevalence per 1000 persons, what is the d) All of the above expected pattern of incidence and 2) __________ is most useful for evaluating the prevalence? impact of prevention programme a) Low prevalence, high incidence a) Point prevalence b) High prevalence, low incidence b) Period prevalence c) Both prevalence and incidence will be c) Case fatality similar d) Incidence d) None of the above statements are true 3) Which one of the following statements is 9) In a study among 3400 children aged 5-10 true? years, 16 children were diagnosed with a) High cure rate can increase the autistic disorder. Calculate the prevalence of prevalence of a disease autism per 1000 children b) Low case fatality can reduce the a) 4.01 prevalence of a disease b) 5.53 c) Both 'a' and 'b' are true c) 3.35 d) High cure rate and high case fatality can d) 4.71 reduce the prevalence of a disease 10) Statistic used to estimate the risk of acquiring 4) Measures of disease frequency a disease a) Incidence a) Prevalence b) Prevalence b) Incidence c) Birth rate c) Mortality rate d) 'a' and 'b' d) All of the above 5) A measure that reflects severity of an acute 11) What is the appropriate measure when a infectious disease researcher wishes to know the burden of a a) Case fatality ratio particular disease in terms of the number of b) Incidence rate deaths it causes in a specified geographical c) Prevalence region and population? d) Mortality rate a) Incidence density 6) Incidence data can be used to measure the b) Case fatality occurrence of disease with gradual onset c) Attack rate a) True d) Disease specific mortality b) False 12) If health policy makers want to evaluate the 7) This measure reflects the impact of a disease impact of a prevention program, which is the on population in terms of death appropriate measure to be considered? Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 1 Assignment 4 a) Period prevalence incidence per 1000 persons per year and b) Incidence point prevalence per 1000 persons, how will c) Point prevalence the pattern of incidence and prevalence be? d) Case fatality a) High prevalence 13) Select the correct statement among the b) Low incidence following c) Both prevalence and incidence will be a) Prevalence of a disease will increase similar when it has a high cure rate d) Low prevalence and high incidence b) Prevalence of a disease will decrease 18) Among 25000 population in a city, 105 when it has a low case fatality ratio residents were identified with Hepatitis B c) Prevalence of a disease will increase infection. Calculate the prevalence of when it has a low cure rate Hepatitis B per 1000 population. d) Prevalence of a disease will increase a) 5.2 when it is acute in nature b) 4.2 14) What is the appropriate epidemiologic c) 3.2 measure to determine the severity of an d) 2.2 acute disease? 19) Which of the following condition tends to a) Incidence rate increase the prevalence of a particular b) Prevalence disease? c) Mortality rate a) High cure rate d) Case fatality ratio b) Low case fatality ratio 15) Cumulative incidence is otherwise known as c) Short duration a) Attack rate d) Emigration of patients b) Case fatality rate 20) Which of the following is true about c) Mortality rate incidence density? d) Morbidity rate a) Numerator has number of new cases 16) The healthcare professionals working in an b) Also called cumulative incidence intensive care unit were asked whether there c) Denominator is number of persons at risk has been an increase in the number of new d) Numerator has person-years at risk pneumonia cases. Which of the following 21) In a rural block with 1,00,000 population, 250 factor(s) is inappropriate in the calculation of residents were identified with cardiovascular cumulative incidence? disease. Calculate the prevalence of a) Number of new cases of pneumonia cardiovascular disease per 1000 population. during a specific period of time a) 0.2 b) Total number of people at risk of b) 0.5 developing the disease in that population c) 2.5 during the same period of time d) 25 c) Pre-existing cases of pneumonia 22) What is the appropriate epidemiologic d) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ measure to determine the burden of a 17) When measuring the frequency for an acute disease in terms of number of cases present infectious disease in a community in terms of Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 2 Assignment 4 in a specified geographical area at a specific 26) In a food poisoning outbreak, 75 people were point in time? affected. Among them, 50 were hospitalized, a) Cumulative Incidence and two died. Calculate the case-fatality b) Point Prevalence ratio. c) Incidence rate a) 1.2% d) Case fatality ratio b) 2.7% 23) In a study, 300 children were followed up for c) 4% a period of one year to determine the burden d) 8% of acute respiratory infections (ARI). 27) Which of the following is NOT required for Calculate the incidence density if the total calculating prevalence of a disease? number of ARI episodes recorded was 1500. a) Pre-existing cases of the disease a) 5 episodes per child year b) New cases of the disease b) 0.2 episodes per child year c) Total number of people at risk c) 3 episodes per child year d) Total person-time of observation d) 0.5 episodes per child year 28) Which of the following condition tends to 24) A total of 100 people with hypertension were reduce the prevalence of a particular followed up for 3 years to observe for the disease? development of myocardial infarction in a a) High cure rate cohort study. At the end of first year, 10 b) Low case fatality ratio people developed myocardial infarction, at c) Improved case detection rate the end of second year, 10 people left the d) Immigration of diseased people study and at the end of third year, another 10 29) In which of the following conditions, people developed myocardial infarction. prevalence is an appropriate measure of Calculate the total person-years of disease frequency? observation in this study? a) Common cold episodes in elderly a) 250 b) Number of exacerbations in asthma b) 260 patients c) 270 c) Proportion of foot ulcers in Diabetes d) 280 Mellitus 25) During a one-year follow-up, a psychiatrist d) Number of diarrhoea episodes in children determined the burden of suicidal ideation 30) Which of the following is INCORRECT about among 100 patients with drug addiction. case fatality? Seven patients had previous history of a) It reflects the severity of a disease suicidal ideation and 20 patients developed it b) High case fatality indicates poor for the first time. What is the incidence of prognosis suicidal ideation in the study population? c) It relates the number of deaths to the a) 7% per year number of cases of a disease b) 20% per year d) It is a true rate c) 21.5% per year ______________ d) 27 per year Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 3 Assignment 5 1. Study design(s) useful for describing 7. Which one of the following study designs uncommon clinical manifestations does not employ comparison groups to a) Case reports answer the primary study objectives? b) Case series a) Cross-sectional study c) Both 'a' and 'b' b) Cohort study d) Ecological study c) Ecological study 2. Cross-sectional studies are used to d) Clinical trials a) Estimate prevalence 8. Unit of observation in the cross-sectional b) Generate hypotheses study is c) Describe trends a) Individual d) All of the above b) Group 3. In a cross-sectional study, we can observe c) Both 'a' and 'b' one or more outcomes d) None of the above a) True 9. Case reports can include presentation of b) False a) Unique features/symptoms of a 4. Which one of the following is useful to disease measure the burden or magnitude of a b) Rare manifestation of common disease or risk factor? disease a) Case-control study c) New or unfamiliar diseases b) Cross-sectional study d) All of the above c) Case report 10. Advantage of the ecological study is d) Case series a) Relate rate of disease and exposure 5. Which of the following is wrong about b) Useful to test hypothesis descriptive study designs? c) Useful to study rare diseases a) Describe the study outcome for 1 d) All of the above group 11. A researcher can assess the following by b) Compare the study outcomes for 2 conducting a descriptive study EXCEPT group a) Population in which the disease was c) Calculate the incidence for prevalent surveillance data b) Period in which the disease occurred d) Calculate prevalence for cross- c) Risk factors of the disease sectional study d) Place distribution of the disease 6. Descriptive epidemiology study designs 12. The following study design provides can answer all of the following questions group exposure and group EXCEPT: response/outcome without knowing the a) Who? individual exposure and response for a b) When? specific health problem c) Where? a) Ecological study d) Why? b) Cross sectional survey c) Case report d) Case series Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 1 Assignment 5 13. Which of the following study design will c) Analytical study be helpful if the department of health d) None of the above wants to know the burden of a particular 18. One of the major limitations of a cross- disease? sectional study is that a) Ecological study a) It is time consuming b) Cross sectional survey b) It has lower validity c) Case series c) It does not establish disease etiology d) Case report d) It requires a large sample size 14. A clinician comes across an unusual 19. Characteristic of a cross sectional study is presentation of a particular neurological that disorder. If the clinician describes this a) We can calculate the incidence of a single case in detail and publishes the disease same in a journal, then it will be called b) We can test a hypotheses a) Analytical study c) It is difficult to conduct b) Case report d) Exposure and outcome are assessed c) Cross sectional survey at the same time d) Ecological study 20. If a researcher wishes to estimate the 15. The advantage of an ecological study is incidence of Myocardial infarction cases that among a group of women using oral a) It is analytical in nature contraceptive pills followed up for b) It will cover individual level 10year, the researcher has to carry out information on risk factors and a) Case series disease b) Cohort study c) It will be useful to test hypotheses c) Cross sectional study d) It will be useful to generate d) Ecological study hypotheses 21. Case series are useful 16. In a tertiary care hospital, a surgeon a) To estimate burden of a disease collected information on quality of life b) To determine risk factors of a disease and outcome among a small group of c) To determine efficacy of a new drug (about 15) post-operative patients after d) To describe uncommon clinical using a novel surgical device. But this is manifestation not sufficient to establish the efficacy of 22. All the following are true about cross- the surgical device because sectional survey, EXCEPT a) There is no comparison group a) Individual is the unit of observation b) There is no information of risk factors b) Involves only incident cases c) We do not have details of the c) Estimate the burden of a disease outcome d) It can be used to generate hypothesis d) We do not have individual level data 23. A detailed presentation of a single case 17. Population census is a which is rare and unfamiliar, is called a) Cross sectional survey a) Case report b) Ecological study b) Case series Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 2 Assignment 5 c) Ecological study b) Can be used to establish temporality d) Cross-sectional study of association 24. Which of the following is INCORRECT c) Can be used to estimate disease about ecological study? burden a) It relates the rate of disease and d) Can be used to identify factors frequency of exposure associated with outcome b) It is an example of observational study 29. State whether true or false. Descriptive c) It uses individual level data cross-sectional study does not have a d) It helps in generating hypothesis comparison group. 25. Which of the following is NOT applicable a) True in a case study? b) False a) Clinical features 30. Which of the following studies can be b) Laboratory parameters used to identify the factors associated c) Socio-demographic background with an outcome? d) Incidence a) Descriptive cross-sectional study 26. To determine the association between air b) Analytical cross-sectional study pollution and male infertility, data on air c) Case study quality index and prevalence of male d) Case series infertility was collected for 183 countries for the year 2019. What best describes the study? __________________ a) Case report b) Case series c) Ecological study d) Cross-sectional study 27. In a medical journal, 18 cases of Creutzfeldt Jakob disease were reported from a tertiary care hospital in Sikkim. The authors of the paper gave a description of the socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of the 18 patients. What best describes this study design? a) Case study b) Case series c) Case control study d) Ecological study 28. Which of the following is FALSE about cross-sectional studies? a) Can be used to generate hypothesis Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 3 Assignment 6 1. Exposure is not assigned by the a) True investigator in the following study design b) False a) Cohort 8. Which of the following is NOT true b) Case-control regarding case-control study? c) Cross-sectional i. Appropriate for study of rare d) All of the above outcome 2. Which of the following statement(s) is ii. More time consuming than cohort true about the cohort study? study a) It is not suitable for disease with a iii. Multiple exposures can be examined long latency period iv. Relatively expensive compared to b) Loss to follow up can introduce bias cohort study c) Both 'a' and 'b' a) Both (i) and (ii) d) None of the above b) Both (ii) and (iii) 3. Which of the following study design is c) Both (ii) and (iv) better suited to demonstrate a temporal d) Both (iii) and (iv) association between exposure and 9. What is an appropriate measure of disease? statistical association in a cohort study? a) Cross-sectional study a) Prevalence ratio b) Case-control study b) Risk ratio c) Cohort study c) Odds ratio d) Ecological study d) Pearson's correlation coefficient 4. Relative risk of more than 1 indicates 10. The entire population of a given a) Incidence in unexposed is higher than community is screened and all those exposed judged as being free of Colon cancer are b) Incidence in exposed and unexposed questioned extensively about their diet. are same These people are then followed-up for c) Incidence in exposed is higher than several years to see whether their eating unexposed habits will predict their risk of developing d) Relative risk is significant Colon cancer - This is an example of 5. If the odds of exposure among cases is a) Case-control study lower than the odds of exposure among b) Clinical trial the controls, the odds ratio will be c) Cross-sectional study a) More than 1 d) Cohort study b) Less than 1 11. Exposure is assigned by the investigator in c) It depends on other factors which of the following epidemiological d) None of the above study? 6. All babies born in a particular year will a) Case-control form a birth cohort b) Cross-sectional a) True c) Experimental b) False d) Cohort 7. Cohort study is suitable for rare diseases Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 1 Assignment 6 12. When a group of people with defined b) Both (iii) and (iv) characteristics are followed up to c) Both (ii) and (iv) determine incidence is known as d) Both (ii) and (iii) a) Case series 17. Which of the following statement b) Cohort regarding the cohort study is FALSE? c) Case control a) Suitable to study a disease with long d) Experimental latency period 13. Relative risk is a b) Loss to follow up can introduce bias a) Rate c) Relative risk can be calculated b) Ratio d) Temporal association with the risk c) Proportion factor can be established d) None of the above 18. Odds ratio of more than one indicates 14. Relative risk of one in a cohort study a) Odds of exposure among cases is indicates lower than the odds of exposure a) Incidence in unexposed is higher than among the controls exposed b) Odds of exposure among cases is b) Incidence in exposed is higher than equal to the odds of exposure among unexposed the controls c) Relative risk is significant c) Odds of exposure among cases is d) Incidence in the exposed and higher than the odds of exposure unexposed groups are same among the controls 15. Women aged above 35 years were d) Exposure is negatively associated with screened for the HPV (Human papilloma the disease virus) infection and those who had HPV 19. If there is a comparison group in an infection were then followed for several epidemiological study design, it is called years to predict the risk of developing a) Descriptive cervical cancer. This study is known as b) Analytical a) Prospective cohort c) Ecological b) Retrospective cohort d) None of the above c) Case control 20. Which of the following statements about d) Cross sectional case control/cohort studies is correct? 16. Which of the following is appropriate a) Case control study always establishes regarding a cohort study? temporal association i. Multiple exposures can be b) Cohort study establishes temporal examined association ii. Appropriate for studying rare c) Cohort has lower level of evidence exposures than case-control iii. Expensive and time consuming d) Do case control for rare exposures iv. Appropriate for studying rare and cohort for rare diseases diseases 21. To determine the associated factors of a) Both (i) and (ii) anti-hypertensive drug compliance, an Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 2 Assignment 6 investigator selected 384 participants nonhypertensives as non-exposed. The with hypertension who were undergoing study found an odds ratio of 1.45. Which treatment in a tertiary care hospital. The of the following is correct? investigator collected the details on the a) Psoriasis is positively associated with socio-economic background of the hypertension participants and took history regarding b) Odds of hypertension among the consumption of medicines in the past psoriasis patients is lower than the two weeks. Then the drug compliant odds of hypertension among patients group and the non-compliant group were without psoriasis compared to identify factors associated c) Odds of psoriasis among hypertensive with drug compliance. What is the type of patients is lower than the odds of the study design? psoriasis among non-hypertensives a) Case control study d) Hypertension is a causative factor of b) Prospective cohort study psoriasis c) Case study 24. A prospective cohort study was d) Analytical cross-sectional study conducted to determine the association 22. A gynaecology resident intends to between coffee consumption and risk of determine the association between intra- pancreatitis among 10000 healthy uterine device (IUD) use and risk of participants. Among the participants extrauterine pregnancy. The investigator 3500 participants consumed coffee, recruited 100 cases of extrauterine whereas 6500 participants did not. After pregnancy and 200 participants who had a follow up of 10 years 85 participants in intrauterine pregnancy as controls from the coffee consumption group developed the obstetrics ward of a tertiary care pancreatitis, whereas among the non- hospital over a period of 2 years. Both coffee consumption group 130 in cases and controls were interviewed developed pancreatitis. Calculate the about the history of IUD use. Among the relative risk of pancreatitis due to coffee cases, 6 participants had history of IUD consumption. use and among controls, 4 had history of a) 0.04 IUD use. Calculate the odds ratio of b) 0.85 extrauterine pregnancies among women c) 1.21 with history of IUD use? d) 1.50 a) 0.32 25. All the following are elements of a cohort b) 1.39 study, EXCEPT c) 3.12 a) It involves calculation of incidence d) 0.72 rate 23. An investigator conducted a case control b) It proceeds from exposure to study with psoriasis patients as cases and outcome other skin disease patients as controls. c) It involves randomization of Those having hypertension were participants considered as exposed and Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 3 Assignment 6 d) It involves follow-up of the a) Cases are study participants who had participants the disease in the source population 26. All the following are limitations of a case b) Selection of cases should be based on control study, EXCEPT the exposure status a) It can introduce recall bias c) Inclusion of prevalent cases can save b) Incidence of disease cannot be time and money determined d) Inclusion of prevalent cases may c) Selection of appropriate control introduce survivor bias group may be difficult 30. A multicentric study was conducted to d) It can introduce attrition bias determine the association between 27. Using medical records from a tertiary care diabetes and cataract. The investigators cancer hospital, a researcher collected recruited 1000 diabetics and 2500 non- data on occupational exposure and lung diabetics. The participants were carcinoma on patients admitted between examined to exclude presence of cataract 2000 and 2010. He classified the patients at the time of recruitment. They were who had history of working in coal mines followed once yearly for 10 years to as exposed and others as unexposed. He document the development of cataract. then compared the frequency of lung The study found that the incidence of carcinoma among the exposed and the cataract among diabetics was more when unexposed. What best describes the compared with the non-diabetics. study design? Identify the study design in this study? a) Case control study a) Cross-sectional study b) Retrospective cohort study b) Case control study c) Cross-sectional study c) Prospective cohort study d) Analytical cross-sectional study d) Experimental study 28. A paediatrician recruited 120 children with Crohn’s disease and their matched sibling controls. The researcher collected ---------------- history of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) from the mothers. Presence/ absence of EBF was compared between the diseased and the non-diseased children. Identify the study design in this research? a) Case series b) Cross-sectional study c) Case control study d) Cohort study 29. Which of the following is INCORRECT about selection of cases in case control study? Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 4 Assignment 7 1. One of the cornerstones of the randomized 7. The purpose of a double-blinding in a clinical controlled trials is trial is to a) Recruitment a) Achieve comparability of all arms of a b) Randomization clinical trial c) Blinding b) Avoid observer and participant bias d) Placebo c) Avoid observer bias and sampling 2. Randomized clinical trials can be best variation described as d) Avoid subject bias and sampling a) Experimental studies variation b) Analytic studies 8. What is the purpose of randomization in a c) Descriptive studies clinical trial? d) Observational studies a) Get better power for data analysis 3. Which of the following is/are true in a b) Generalizing the study findings to the clinical trial? population which is not studied a) Sample size determination c) Achieve balance in baseline b) Approval from regulatory authority characteristics c) Agreement between the investigators d) Guarantee that the statistical tests have and sponsors valid significance levels d) All of the above 9. Which phase of a clinical trial is referred to 4. A pharmacologically inactive agent that as post-marketing surveillance? investigators administer to participants in a) Phase 1 the control group of a trial b) Phase 2 a) Comparator drug c) Phase 3 b) Placebo d) Phase 4 c) Conjugate 10. Long-term adverse effects and efficacy of a d) Drug under investigation new drug can be tested in which of the 5. Key methodological components of a following phases of a clinical trial? Randomized Controlled Trials are a) Phase 1 a) Use of a control to which the b) Phase 2 experimental intervention is compared c) Phase 3 b) Random assignment of participants to d) Phase 4 intervention 11. Which of the following is incorrect in case of c) Taking informed consent from all study a clinical trial? participants a) All clinical trials must be blinded d) All of the above b) Randomization is a critically important 6. Double-blinding in a clinical trial involves step in a clinical trial a) Participants before and after study c) All clinical trials must be approved by b) Participants and investigators Institutional Ethics Committee before c) Investigators and analysts initiation d) Participants and analysis d) It is mandatory to register clinical trials with Clinical Trials Registry of India Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 1 Assignment 7 12. Which of the following procedures ensure 16. In a clinical trial, what is the main purpose of safety of the clinical trial participants? randomization? a. Adverse events reporting a) To get more power for data analysis b. Serious adverse events reporting b) To reduce investigator bias c. Periodic follow-up c) To get groups with comparable baseline d. Review by Data Safety Monitoring Board characteristics 1) 'a', 'b', 'c', and 'd' d) To ensure optimum number of 2) 'a', 'b' and 'd' participants in each trial arm 13. All the following correctly describe a clinical 17. Which of the following can eliminate the trial, except problem of Co-intervention? a) It has all advantages of a cohort study a) Random sampling b) It is possible to analyze the confounders b) Allocation concealment c) Loss to follow up of study participants c) Informed consent does not affect the study outcome d) Blinding d) Appropriate implemented informed 18. Which of the following is not true in case of consent procedure as well as long-term a clinical trial? care and support to trial participants help a) Clinical trials are planned experiments to overcome several ethical concerns designed to assess the efficacy of an 14. Which of the following can be considered as intervention an advantage of a double blinding in a b) Clinical trials usually involve comparing randomized controlled trial? the outcomes in two or more groups of a) Equally distributes known and unknown individuals confounders in experiment and control c) Clinical trials are usually free from arm selection bias b) Ensures that participants adhere to the d) Clinical trials are usually prospective in protocol nature c) Gives benefits of an intervention to 19. Which of the following trials assesses some of the study participants effectiveness of a new vaccine? d) Prevent bias that arises from a) Phase 1 trial done in healthy volunteers researchers being able to influence the b) Phase 2 trial done in a susceptible data due to knowledge of allocated population groups c) Phase 3 trial done in healthy volunteers 15. Biased outcome ascertainment results from: d) Phase 3 trial done in a susceptible a) Participants reporting symptoms or population outcomes differently 20. Which of the following is not true about a b) Investigators eliciting symptoms or randomized control trial? outcomes following a standardized a) Baseline characteristics of intervention technique and control groups must be similar c) None of the above b) Investigator bias can be minimized by d) Both "a" and "b" double blinding Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 2 Assignment 7 c) The sample size depends on the 26. Which of the following is NOT an advantage hypothesis being tested of randomized controlled trials? d) Drop outs should be excluded from the a) Provides high quality evidence analysis b) Controls for selection and confounding 21. State whether true or false. In a randomized bias controlled trial, the investigator is unaware c) Establishes temporality of association of the sequence of allocation of the d) Entails minimal ethical issues participants to one of the study arms before 27. Post-marketing surveillance is done in which and until the assignment is complete. This of the clinical trial phases? process is known as allocation concealment. a) Phase 1 a) True b) Phase 2 b) False c) Phase 3 22. Which of the following is NOT a feature of d) Phase 4 randomized controlled trials? 28. State whether true or false. Randomized a) Simple random sampling controlled trials are retrospective in nature. b) Randomization a) True c) Allocation concealment b) False d) Blinding 29. In a clinical trial conducted by the 23. A research group from a medical college in Orthopaedic department of a medical college Lucknow conducted a study to assess the in Bhubaneshwar, the investigators efficacy of a new herbal medicine for the compared the wound healing time between prevention of pneumonia in elderly. What conventional suturing technique and stapling type of randomized controlled trial is this technique for open fractures. The study? investigators, patients and data analysts a) Screening RCT were aware about the treatment assignment. b) Diagnostic RCT What best describes this study design? c) Therapeutic RCT a) Open-label RCT d) Prophylactic RCT b) Single blind RCT 24. In which type of population is a phase-I c) Double blind RCT vaccine trial conducted? d) Triple blind RCT a) Healthy volunteers 30. Blinding in a randomized controlled trial b) High risk group addresses which of the following biases? c) Diseased population a) Ascertainment bias d) Laboratory animals b) Recall bias 25. State whether true or false. Randomization is c) Volunteer bias a process, where the participants have an d) Attrition bias equal chance of being assigned to any one of the study groups. a) True --------------- b) False Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 3 Assignment 8 1. Obtaining an estimate that is generalizable to c) Adequate sample size relevant study population in a research study d) Training, Certification and re-certification is of data collectors a) External validity 7. Variability in estimation due to b) Internal validity unknown/uncontrollable factors c) Bias a) Chance d) Confounding b) Bias 2. Any process that tends to produce results c) Confounding that depart systematically from true values in d) Effect modification a research study 8. All are true regarding confounding in an a) Chance epidemiological study, EXCEPT b) Bias a) May simulate an association that does c) Random error not exist d) Effect Modification b) May increase or decrease the strength of 3. Systematic selection of more number of association expose participants with the higher risk of c) May not reveal an association that does outcome in a cohort study will result in exist a) Selection bias d) Always change the direction of effect b) Information bias 9. The method which can used to alleviate c) Confounding confounding during data analysis in an d) Random error epidemiological study 4. The effect of the exposure of interest on the a) Multivariate analysis outcome is distorted because of the effect of b) Restriction extraneous factors that are related to both c) Matching the exposure and outcome. This d) Randomization phenomenon is called 10. To reduce selection bias in case-control a) Correlation effect studies, all of the following are true EXCEPT b) Confounding a) Use population based design c) Recall bias b) Apply different eligibility criteria for d) Measurement error selecting cases and controls 5. Biases can occur during which stage of c) Both cases and controls undergo the research study? same diagnostic procedures a) Study design d) Avoid hospital based design b) Study implementation 11. Obtaining an accurate estimate of disease c) Data analysis frequency and effect of exposure on health d) At any of the above stages outcomes in study population pertains to 6. All are true regarding measures to reduce a) External Validity information bias, EXCEPT b) Internal Validity a) Precise operational definitions of all c) Bias variables d) Confounding b) Detailed measurement protocols Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 1 Assignment 8 12. Blinding in an epidemiological study is a way third factor, ie. smoking. This phenomenon is to deal with called as a) Chance a) Correlation effect b) Selection Bias b) Confounding c) Information Bias c) Recall bias d) Sampling Error d) Measurement error 13. Better recall of exposure only among the 18. Which of the following method is used to cases in a case control study can result in address for known confounders at the a) Information bias designing stage of a study b) Confounding a) Matching c) Investigator bias b) Regression d) Selection bias c) Stratification 14. The ability of a tool to correctly measure d) Adjusted analysis what it is supposed to measure is called as 19. Systematic distortion of the truth by study a) Precision subjects is called as b) Validity a) Plagiarism c) Reliability b) Chance d) Consistency c) Confounding 15. Bias may distort the association between d) Prevarication exposure and outcome among the study 20. Crude association in the presence of a participants confounder is the actual causal association a) True a) True b) False b) False 16. A case control study was conducted to know 21. Which of the following is the best method of the effect of smoking on lung cancer among ensuring that the experimental and control hospitalized patients. The controls were arms in an experimental study are similar recruited from patients admitted to the with regard to known and unknown respiratory ward for other conditions. What confounders at the planning stage? type of bias will be introduced by virtue of a) Matching recruiting controls from the hospital who are b) Randomization potentially different from the general c) Stratification population? d) Multivariate analysis a) Selection bias 22. When the study finding is generalizable to the b) Information bias target population, then it is c) Confounding a) Internally valid d) Random error b) Reliable 17. A researcher studied the effect of coffee c) Accurate drinking on Myocardial Infarction. The effect d) Externally valid of coffee drinking on Myocardial Infarction 23. Which of the following can introduce was distorted because of the presence of a selection bias in a case control study? Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 2 Assignment 8 a) Differential recall about exposure by the d) Confounding may change the direction of cases an exposure-outcome association b) Collecting data differently from the 28. Systematic collection of data by an exposed and unexposed investigator supporting an expected c) Inclusion of controls not representative conclusion in an epidemiological study may of the target population result in d) Systematic distortion of the truth by the a) Confounding study participants b) Information bias 24. Which of the following is TRUE about c) Selection bias information bias in a cohort study? d) Random error a) It is caused by higher attrition rate among 29. Which of the following is NOT a method of the exposed group dealing with confounding during the design b) It can be caused by selecting controls stage? from the community a) Restriction c) It can be avoided by uniform outcome b) Stratification ascertainment c) Matching d) It can be minimised by reducing loss to d) Randomization follow-up 30. A cohort study was conducted to examine the 25. Which of the following is NOT a systematic association between obesity and error in an epidemiological study? cardiovascular disease. During analysis, a) Random error gender was suspected to be a confounder. b) Confounding Which of the following methods will help in c) Selection bias examining the confounding effect due to d) Information bias gender? 26. Which of the following measure is related to a) Matching ensuring the internal validity of a study? b) Restriction a) Using a validated study questionnaire to c) Randomization assess outcomes d) Multivariate regression b) Including an adequate number of study participants c) Complying strictly with the study protocol d) All the above 27. Which of the following is FALSE about ------------------------- confounding in epidemiological studies? a) Confounding may simulate an association when it does not exist b) Confounding does not increase or decrease the strength of the association c) Confounding may hide an association that exists Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 3 Assignment 9 1. Which methods in qualitative research use b) To seek the depth of understanding flexible interview guide? c) Exploration of behaviors a) In depth Interviews and participant d) View the social phenomenon holistically observation 7. The main methods used in qualitative b) Focus Group Discussions and In-depth research method include all EXCEPT interviews a) In-depth Interviews c) Participant Observation and focus group b) Focus Group Discussions discussions c) Participant observation d) Structure interviews and surveys d) Structured questionnaire based 2. Which of the following study designs can be interviews used as a tool a generate ideas/hypotheses? 8. The observer becomes a part of the group or a) Qualitative study event in this method of qualitative study b) Case-control study a) In-depth Interviews c) Experimental study b) Focus Group Discussions d) Cohort study c) Participant observation 3. The qualitative data analysis method in d) Structured interviews which investigators code text into categories 9. All the statements regarding Participant and build theoretical models Observation is true EXCEPT a) Content analysis a) Observer becomes a part of the b) Grounded theory event/group c) Schema analysis b) Systematic collection of data is easy d) Hermeneutics c) Analytic methods for observation are not 4. Open-ended, one-to-one interviews to well described discover interviewee's own framework of d) Data is very detailed meanings 10. The qualitative data analysis method which a) In-depth Interviews uses theoretical framework as the basis for b) Focus Group Discussions analysis c) Participant observation a) Content analysis d) Structured interviews b) Grounded theory 5. Audio recordings during Focus Group c) Schema Analysis Discussions d) Hermeneutics a) Can be done without any prior informed 11. Which of the following are characteristics of written consent qualitative research methods? b) Cannot be done a) Objective, measurable, reliable and c) Should always be done repeatable d) Can be done with prior informed consent b) Subjective, measurable, credible and 6. All of the following are situations in which repeatable qualitative research methods can be used, c) Subjective, credible, inductive and EXCEPT interpretation of responses a) Familiar and sufficiently researched d) Objective, credible, inductive and matter interpretation of responses Compiled By Dr. Vimesh Mistry (Medical College Baroda) 1 Assignment 9 12. The research method which is best suited for 17. In qualitative research, researchers interpret collection of information regarding highly the social reality from the participants’ point sensitive matters such as alcohol use of view. a) Focus Group Discussions a) True b) Participant Observation b) False c) In-Depth Interview 18. Which of the following statements is d) Group discussions “Incorrect” about in-depth interviews? 13. Which of the following is not the utility of a) Findings are always generalizable qualitative research b) The transcripts are time consuming to a) To provide insight to why people behave analyze in a certain way c) Helps understand sensitive issues b) To estimate the prevalence of disease d) Useful when participants are c) To help understand the results of a knowledgeable on a particular topic quantitative study 19. Which of the following statement is “False” d) For developing a questionnaire about focus group discussion. 14. Which of the following statement is true a) Focus group discussions help understand regarding Participant Observation local terminologies a) Observer becomes a part of the b) Group interaction is integral for an event/group effective discussion b) Systematic collection of data is easy c) Heterogeneity of the group is a pre- c) Analytic methods for observation are well requisite described d) Audio and video recordings are done with d) Data is brief as compared to in-depth prior consent interviews 20. Triangulation is the use of multiple methods, 15. Open ended group interviews that promotes multiple theories and or multiple sources for discussion among participants is called as a comprehensive understanding of the topic a) In depth Interviews in question b) Focus Group Discussions a) True c) Participant Observation