DENT 1007 Biostatistics Introduction PDF

Semester 1 Week 1 DENT 1007 BIOSTATISTICS Dr. Ayşe Sena Sarp Bahçeşehir University Dentistry Faculty DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS INTRODUCTION WHAT IS STATISTICS? Statistic...

Semester 1 Week 1 DENT 1007 BIOSTATISTICS Dr. Ayşe Sena Sarp Bahçeşehir University Dentistry Faculty DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS INTRODUCTION WHAT IS STATISTICS? Statistics is the discipline The practice or science of collecting and Statistics is the science of that concerns the collection, analysing numerical data in large learning from data, and of organization, analysis, quantities, especially for the purpose of measuring, controlling, and interpretation and inferring proportions in a whole from communicating presentation of data. In those in a representative sample. uncertainty; and it applying statistics to a thereby provides the Statistics is defined as the scientific, industrial, or social navigation essential for problem, it is conventional to controlling the collection, presentation, analyses, begin with a statistical Statistics is a field of course of scientific and interpretation of numerical data population or a statistical mathematical sciences that societal advances model to be studied. deals with data. (Davidian, M. and Populations can be diverse Louis, T. A., Croxton and Cowden groups of people or objects 10.1126/science.1218685). such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom “Statistics” as defined by the American composing a crystal". Statistical Association (ASA) “is the science of Statistics deals with every learning from data, and of measuring, aspect of data, including the controlling and communicating uncertainty.” planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. Statistics is also an ART … of conducting a study, analyzing the data, and derive useful conclusions from numerical outcomes about real life problems… DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS INTRODUCTION WHAT IS DATA? Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations or just descriptions of things. Originally, “data” is plural for “datum”! A “datum” is a single factual, a single entity, a single point of matter. Datums are most often called “data points” Data represents a collection of data points DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS Collection of Data Data can be collected through Primary Data obtained by the investigator himself. This is first hand information. Sources The data already recorded is utilized to serve the purpose of the of study Secondary eg. Records of OPD of dental clinics Sources DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS Collection of Data Main sources for collection medical statistics Experiments Experiments and surveys are applied to generate data needed for specific purposes Surveys While Records provide ready- made data for routine and continuous information Records DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS Collection of Data Experiments Surveys Main sources for collection medical statistics Records Methods of collection of Data Methods of Direct observation : Clinical Signs and symptoms and prognosis are collected by direct observation. Methods of House to visit: Vital syatistics and morbidity statistics are usually collected by visiting house Method of mailed questionnaire: This method is followed in community where literacy status of people is very high Prepaid postage stamo is to be attached with questionnaire DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS Introduction Roughly speaking the fi eld of statistics can be divided into: § Mathematical Statistics : The study and development of statistical theory and methods in the abstract and; § Applied Statistics: The application of statistical methods to solve real problems involving randomly generated data and the development of new statistical methodology motivated by real problems The field of statistics provides some of the most fundamental tools and techniques of the scienti c method: forming hypotheses designing experiments and observational studies gathering data summarizing data drawing inferences from data e g testing hypotheses DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS INTRODUCTION Statistics or Biostatistics? DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS INTRODUCTION Statistics or Biostatistics? The main difference between Biostatistics and Statistics is that: Statistics is a study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. Biostatistics is a study of statistics application in biology  DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS INTRODUCTION WHAT IS BIOSTATISTICS? Biostatistics is a branch of statistics that emphasizes the statistical applications in the biomedical and health sciences. It is concerned with making decisions under uncertainties that occur when the data are subjected to variation. Some of the sources of variation are known and can be controlled, whereas some other sources are not known and cannot be controlled. The methods of statistical analysis are powerful tools for drawing the conclusions that are eventually applied to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plans for patients. Nowadays, clinicians, researchers, and other health sciences professionals are constantly collecting data on a daily basis. Advantages Advancing technology has enabled us to collect and safeguard a wide variety of data with minimal effort, from patients’ demographic information to treatment regimens.  DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS INTRODUCTION WHAT IS BIOSTATISTICS? Biostatistics is a branch of statistics that emphasizes the statistical applications in the biomedical and health sciences. The methods of statistical analysis are powerful tools for drawing the conclusions that are eventually applied to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plans for patients. Nowadays, clinicians, researchers, and other health sciences professionals are constantly collecting data on a daily basis. Advantages Advancing technology has enabled us to collect and safeguard a wide variety of data with minimal effort, from patients’ demographic information to treatment regimens. Processing the data typically involves organizing them in tables and in clinically useful forms, displaying the information in charts and graphs, and analyzing their meaning, all in the presence of variability. BUT… The data must be processed in meaningful and systematic ways to uncover the hidden clues. DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS INTRODUCTION Most of the scientific investigations typically go through several steps: 1. Formulation of the research problem 2. Identification of key variables 3. Statistical design of an experiment. 4. Collection of data 5. Statistical analysis of the data 6. Interpretation of the analytical results As a summary: Biostatistics is the application of statistics in medical research, e.g.: – Clinical trials – Epidemiology – Pharmacology – Medical decision making – Comparative Effectiveness Research – etc. DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS INTRODUCTION WHY DO I NEED BIOSTATISTICS? Students who are pursuing a professional degree in the fields of health sciences, such as dentistry, dental hygiene, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, physical therapy, and public health, are required to take at least one statistics course as part of the graduation requirements. As patients are to dislike dental procedures after a bad experience with a previous dental treatment, students often raise the question: “Why do I need biostatistics?” DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS INTRODUCTION WHY DO I NEED BIOSTATISTICS? § Biostatistics is an essential tool in advancing health sciences research. It is an important component of writing a complete research article and delivering the significance of your results to your audience. § The dental and medical journal articles, contain results and conclusions sections in which statistical methods used in the research are described. § It helps assess treatment effects, compare different treatment options, understand how treatments interact, and evaluate many life and death situations in medical sciences. § Its examples are drawn from health sciences Also, § You will learn statistical tests other than the beloved “t-test”. § This course will provide insight into the various statistical tests and discuss the most appropriate test choices for a set of problems. Statistical rigor is necessary to be an educated researcher or clinician who can shun the overgeneralization, objectively criticize, and appreciate the research results published in the literature. DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS Statistics is not “sadistics.” You may feel bombarded with statistical terms and notation! ü Don’t let this feeling discourage you from studying statistics ü It is not necessary to memorize the formulas or definitions ü Instead of spending time memorizing the formulas, strive to understand the basic concepts ü Please read slowly and carefully and with great concentration and thought… DENT1007 BIOSTATISTICS Thank you … I wish you all a very successful academic year!