UTS Reviewer PDF: Philosophical & Sociological Perspectives of the Self

UTS REVIEWER Sociological Self of the Self Philosophical Perspectives of the Self Charles Horton Cooley – proposed “Looking-Glass Self Theory”, self-image is Socrates – Know thyself, true wisdom...

UTS REVIEWER Sociological Self of the Self Philosophical Perspectives of the Self Charles Horton Cooley – proposed “Looking-Glass Self Theory”, self-image is Socrates – Know thyself, true wisdom shaped by how we think others see us. comes from introspection and self- examination. STAGES of Looking-Glass Self Plato - self is immortal and independent of 1. Imagination: We imagine how we appear the body. Tripartite Theory of the Soul to others (reason, spirit, appetite). 2. Interpretation: We imagine how others Aristotle - body and soul and that the two judge us are inseparable. Self is a unified creature. 3. Self-feeling: We develop our self-concept Saint Augustine - self as deeply intertwined George Herbert Mead – proposed “Social with God. Self Theory”, personal identity is formed Rene Descartes – proposed dualism, which through social interaction and cultural separates the self into distinct entities: expectations. mind and body. “I think, therefore I am”. ASPECT of Social Self John Locke – proposed tabula rasa (blank 1. “I” and the “Me” – “I” spontaneous slate). Linked by memories and personal aspect. Acts without considering social experiences. consequences. “Me” socialized aspect. Acts David Hume - self is illusion and nothing but based on how others expect one to behave. a bundle of perceptions, thoughts, and 2. Role-Taking - imagining how others sensations. perceive us. Immanuel Kant – self have inner self 3. Significant Others and Generalized Others (emotions and rational intellect) and outer - Significant others have a direct influence self (physical body and senses). (e.g., parents) and Generalized others Sigmund Freud – ID, EGO, and SUPER EGO. represent society’s collective norms. The ego served as a mediator between the STAGES of Self-Development superego (societal rules) and the id (instinctual drives) demands. 1. Preparatory Stage (Imitation) – 0 – 2 yrs children copy others but don’t understand Gilbert Ryle - self is shown through our it. actions and behaviors. “Ghost in the machine”. 2. Play Stage (Taking on Roles) – 3 to 6 yrs imaginative play. They pretend the roles. Paul Churchland - self as a product of brain activity. 3. Game Stage (Understanding Multiple Roles) - 7 yrs children start to comprehend Maurice Merleau-Ponty - self is shaped by and follow the rules of games. our physical body and how we experience the world through our senses. BREAK A LEG AND GOD BLESS!