The Self From Philosophical & Sociological Perspectives PDF
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This document explores the concept of the self from both philosophical and sociological viewpoints. It examines various perspectives, tracing different theories and ideas from prominent thinkers. The document outlines key figures, including influential philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Locke, alongside sociological viewpoints such as the Looking-Glass Self and Social Self theories.
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THE SELF FROM PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES Socrates Augustine Hume Ryle Theologian and Scottish philosopher Ancient Greek Philosopher...
THE SELF FROM PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES Socrates Augustine Hume Ryle Theologian and Scottish philosopher Ancient Greek Philosopher British philosopher Philosopher Self is just an illusion “Know thyself” Self is shown through Self is deeply intertwined He proposed the Bundle True wisdom comes from actions and behaviors. with God Theory: the self is a introspection and self- He coined the phrase Through God’s grace, we bundle of perceptions, examination. “ghost in the machine.” find self-fulfillment. thoughts, and sensations. Plato Descartes Kant Churchland French philosopher, German philosopher Canadian philosopher Ancient Greek Philosopher scientist, and The Inner Self includes Self is a product of brain Self is immortal and mathematician our emotions and rational activity. independent of the body “I think, therefore I am” intellect. He studied He believed in Tripartite He proposed dualism: the The Outer Self is our neurophilosophy or the Theory of the Soul. mind and the body. physical and senses. philosophy of the mind. Aristotle Locke Freud Merleau-Ponty Ancient Greek Philosopher English philosopher and Austrian neurologist French philosopher and polymath physician His concept of self Self is shaped by our Body and soul are Tabula rasa focused on the ego. physical body and inseparable from one Self is shaped by The ego served as a senses. another. memories and experience mediator between the He rejected the idea of The self is a unified superego and the id. dualism. creature. THE SELF FROM SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Charles Horton Cooley George Herbert Mead was an American sociologist was an American philosopher and known for Looking-Glass Self sociologist known for Social Self Theory Theory L ooking-Glass Self Theory S ocial Self Theory It describes how our self-image is shaped by how It states that personal identity is influenced by we think others see us social interaction and cultural norms Three Stages of Looking-Glass Self Role-taking by Cooley Individuals learn to see themselves from the perspectives of others and adjust one’s behavior accordingly. Imagination: We imagine how we appear to others Significant Others and Generalized Others The Significant Others have direct influence on the person Interpretation: We imagine how (e.g.,parents, siblings, friends, others judge us etc.) The Generalized Others represents society's collective norms and expectations Self-feeling: We develop our self- individuals internalize. concept Stages of Self-Development Preparatory Stage (Imitation) Aspects of Social Self Theory by Children copy others but don’t Mead understand their actions, words, The “I” self or tone of voice. It is the spontaneous aspect of the Play Stage (Taking on Roles) self. Children pretend and still do not It is the part that acts without follow rules within organized considering social consequences. games. The “Me” self Game Stage (Understanding Multiple Roles) It is the socialized aspect of the self. It is the self that acts based on how Children begin to comprehend and others expect one to behave. follow the rules of games.
