Understanding the Self - General Education PDF

**Falculan Twins' Review Center** **General Education** **Understanding the Self** I. **Philosophical Self** - who a person is from the philosophical point of view A. Ancient (**SPA**) - **Socrates** - forerunner of the Western philosophy - **Self** is composed of:...

**Falculan Twins' Review Center** **General Education** **Understanding the Self** I. **Philosophical Self** - who a person is from the philosophical point of view A. Ancient (**SPA**) - **Socrates** - forerunner of the Western philosophy - **Self** is composed of: Physical, Tangible & Mortal Aspects (Body); changing Soul -- Immortal & Unchanging - When we are ALIVE, the body and soul are attached and are present in the physical realm. - When we DIE, the body stays in the physical realm while our soul travels to the ideal realm, making our soul immortal. - Our **TRUE SELF** is our **SOUL**. - **Plato** - greatest student of Socrates - *"**Self** is an IMMORTAL soul in a MORTAL perishable body."* - Soul is **TRIPARTITE** in nature. - In short, each person's soul is divided into 3 different parts. a\. Immortal, Rational (Soul) b\. Courage (Spirited) Part c\. Appetitive Part  - The **soul** is the "giver of life to the body". - The **body** is a shell or the prison of the soul. - Our life's journey is a continuous striving to free our soul from its imprisonment in the body. - **Aristotle** - The human person is NOT a soul DISTINCT from a human body. - The human person is **COMPOSITE** of **BODY & SOUL**. - SELF is composed of: 1\. **Body and Soul** 2\. **Passion & Reason** 3\. **Mind and Matter** 4\. **Sense & Intellect** - Aristotle taught the theory of the **Golden Mean** which means **MODERATION**; avoid extremes; avoid too much and too little. - *\"Living a life of MODERATION is doing things in CONSONANCE with REASON\"* B. Modern (**DELOKA**) - **Rene Descartes** - The **SELF** is COMPOSED OF TWO PARTS: an **IMMATERIAL MIND** & a **MATERIAL BODY**. - The **mind** is the seat of consciousness. - The **body** (which includes human senses) is unreliable; hence, should NOT be TRUSTED. - He is known for his **"I think therefore I am."** - **John Locke** - The **mind** is a **tabula rasa** which means **"blank slate"**. - Impressions during infancy or in the earlier stages become the foundation of the self. - **Immanuel Kant** - According to Kant, a human person has an **inner** and an **outer self**. - The **inner self** consists of his/her psychological states and the rational intellect. - The **outer self** is a human person's senses and the physical world. - Self is prone to **corruption**. - *Life is a constant struggle between the inner and the outer self*. II. **Sociological Self** - The concept of self is developed through a **socialization process**. **Socialization** - the process of internalizing the norms of society which influence one's beliefs, actions, and behavior - **George Herbert Mead** - The self is not there at birth. - The **biological self** is not the self. - The self is developed over time from social experiences and activities. - Types Personality: **I and ME** The "**I**" is the natural, existential aspect of the self which represents our individual's identity. The "**ME**" refers to the SOCIALIZED me or the CULTURED SELF; conventional individual; this also refers to the SOCIALIZED aspect of the individual. **Unpacking the Self** 1. **The Physical Self** - The body, the concrete and tangible part of yourself that can be directly seen and examined. 2. **The Sexual Self** - **INTERNAL**: At **3rd Month** in the prenatal development, BOTH **EMBRYOS** possess the SAME reproductive ducts - **[Wolffian] System** has the potential to develop into the MALE reproductive ducts comprising the EPIDIDYMIS, VAS DEFERENS, EJACULATORY DUCTS & SEMINAL VESICLES - **[Mullerian] System** has the capacity to form into FALLOPIAN tubes, the UTERUS, & the UPPER portion of the VAGINA - **EXTERNAL**: The external reproductive organs for both males and females begin to DIFFERENTIATE from initially the same 4 parts: 1\. **[Glans]** -- develop into the Head of Penis (male) or Clitoris (female) 2**. [Urethral folds]** -- are fused in the male while become enlarged as the **labia minora** in the female 3\. **[Lateral bodies]**- form the shaft of the penis in the male or the hood of clitoris in the female 4\. **[Labioscrotal swellings]**- form the scrotum in the male or labia majora in the female - The higher the levels of **ANDROGEN** than estrogen, **MASCULINIZATION** occurs. - The higher the levels of **ESTROGEN** than androgen, **FEMINIZATION** occurs. **Masculinization** § Muscle mass & strength § Broadening of shoulders § Growth of facial hair and body hair § Enlargement of the larynx § Deepening of voice **Feminization** § Enlargement of breasts § Changes in fat distribution and quantity § Widening of hips § Growth of body hair in underarm & pubic area § Maturity of uterus - **Sex** BIOLOGICAL & PHYSIOLOGICAL characteristics that define men & women - **Gender identity** an INTERNAL AWARENESS of where the individual belongs in the feminine and masculine categories 1. **Cisgender** - more often referred to as "cis" - the Latin prefix "cis" means "on this side" - referring to everyone either as a man or a woman - is a male or a female that identifies with the sex that was assigned at birth 2. **Genderqueer** - is used to describe a gender identity when the binary conceptualization of gender, male or female, does not accurately describe an individual's gendered outlook or self-concept. - **Sexual orientation** refers to the DIRECTION of one's SEXUAL & ROMANTIC INTERESTS 1. **Asexual** - An asexual man or woman can have romantic, intellectual, or emotional attractions to other people but they DO NOT ENGAGE in PHYSICAL SEXUAL ACTS. 2. **Bisexual** - The sexual orientation that describes either a male or a female who is attracted to BOTH MALES & FEMALES. 3. **Heterosexual** - The sexual orientation that describes either a male or a female who is attracted to BOTH MALES & FEMALES. 3. **Political Self** - helps individuals understand and function effectively in society - **NATIONAL IDENTITY** includes territorial, tribal/ethnic, religious, linguistic, class and gender identities - (**TRIBAL/ETHNIC**) Ethnicities in the Philippines: Tagalog Visayan/Bisaya Cebuano Ilocano Hiligaynon Bikol Warays - (**LINGUISTIC**) **Filipino** and **English** -- the Philippines' official languages 182 living languages; 4 extinct languages - (**RELIGIOUS**) Religions in the Philippines Catholics Protestants Muslims - **NATIONAL IDENTITY** -- boost one's sense of duty as a citizen of a particular country. - 3 dimensions: - **Self-categorization** -- identification with a group and a sense of psychological belongingness (relates to birthplace, age, social status, religion -- with political consequences); "identification as" - **Affect** -- "identification with" a particular group (psychological attachment rather than group membership) - **Normative contents** - particular set of ideas about what makes a nation distinctive (members, core values, goals, territory, relations to other nations); **Symbols** - promote national consciousness (ex. Flag, costume, fruit, animal, etc.)