Understanding The Self PDF

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - PRELIMS “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” ST. AUGUSTINE ORIGIN OF PHILOSOPHY...

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - PRELIMS “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” ST. AUGUSTINE ORIGIN OF PHILOSOPHY a Saint and a Philosopher of the Church PHILOSOPHY Man is of Bifurcated Nature Philo: love Sophia: wisdom SELF + GOD = Unified Self Love of wisdom follows the idea that God Encompasses us all, that PHYTAGORAS: first use the term Philosophy everything will be better if we are with God Search for truth Our Body is Limited To look for something establish relation with God through being Virtuous ○ Importance ○ Significance ST. THOMAS AQUINAS ○ Value ○ Relevance SELF = Matter = Form Ask a lot of question MATTER (HYLE) FORM (MORPHE) GREEK PHILOSOPHER Common stuff that makes up Essence of a substance or thing SOCRATES the Universe What makes us human different from animals/Other Living Know thyself Creatures? first Martyr of Education, Knowledge and Philosophy “The body of the human is similar to animals/objects. But first to engaged with the systematic questioning about the what makes a human is his essence (SOUL)” Self charge with corruption of minors RENE DESCARTES succeeded to make people think about who they are it became his lifelong mission FATHER OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY “The True task of a Philosopher is to Understand the Self” ○ Use of Systematic and Early Scientific method “Every Person is Dualistic” COGITO ERGO SUM: “I think therefore I am” two Important aspects of his Personhood METHODICAL DOUBT ○ Body = imperfect/ impermanent ○ continuous process of questioning. (Part of one’s ○ Soul = perfect/ permanent existence) Socratic Approach/Questioning Sense of Beingness “The unexamined life is not worth living” MIND BODY “The worst thing that can happen to anyone is to live but die inside” Think and question or doubt Perceives from the different Socratic Method Or Socratic Conversation what the body has experienced senses PLATO student of Socrates JOHN LOCKE founded the Academy; that influenced contemporary universities “A person is born with knowing NOTHING” Dichotomy of the World: World of Forms and Material World TABULA RASA “A person who is a follower of truth and wisdom will not be ○ Blank state tempted by vices and will always be correct/moral/ethical” ○ “Our experiences is important in understanding the self” DAVID HUME 3 COMPONENTS OF THE SOUL Empiricist APPETITIVE SOUL RATIONAL SOUL SPIRITED SOUL disagreed with the concept of the unified self, soul and mind in Understanding the Self Driven by the desire Drive of our lives. Courageous Part of “One can only know what comes from senses & experiences” and need to satisfy Reason & intellect to a person. Emotion BUNDLE THEORY oneself govern affairs. based that should Self Is accumulation of different impressions and ideas (physical, sexual and Decision making be kept and bay. sleep) part of the soul. Always active (strive SELF to success) IMPRESSION IDEA when these are attained, the human person’s soul becomes just & virtuous Basic objects of our Copied impressions experiences/ sensation that form the core of our thoughts UNDERSTANDING THE SELF Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - PRELIMS “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” IMMANUEL KANT WILLIAM JAMES (1842-1910) agreed with HUME’s definition of the self and start with Psychological View on Self perception/sensation of impressions American Philosopher and psychologist explained the self IDEA OF SELF ; are not only an object that perceives and and its as aspects in his 1890 publication The Principles of Mind = regulates impression Psychology Self = seat of Knowledge Acquisition for all human persons A man’s self is the “sum total of all that he can call his, not ○ We experience or sense things but still be able to only his body and his psychic powers, but his clothes and his become aware of it house, his wife and children, his ancestors and friends, his TRANSCENDENTAL APPERCEPTION reputation and his works, his lands and so on. This suggests ○ Essence of our consciousness that provides basis that the self is a compromise of everything the person has. for understanding the notion of the self by He proposed the self has two facets: the I self, the self in synthesizing one’s accumulation of experiences, action or as subject, it is the aspect of the self that does the intuition and imagination acting, thinking, also known as the self as the knower or J. PAUL CHURCHLAND perceiver and feeling and the Me-self refer to the self as an object, which is the known or perceived termed as the Canadian Philosopher who focused that people should Empirical Self, the me is one accumulated understanding of improve our association and use of worth in Identifying the one's self Self SIGMUND FREUD The Self is defined by the movement of our brain Self = feel, thinks and act is related to the Physiological PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF THE SELF Phenomenon that is happening in the body (Emotion) THREE LEVELS OF MENTAL LIFE NEUROPHILOSOPHY ○ understand behavior through understanding the different Neurological movement of the brain that pertains to different emotions, feelings, actions and reactions The Christian Or Biblical View Of Self The Holy Bible ○ GENESIS 1:24:28 = “God created man in His UNCONSCIOUS Image in the divine image. He created him: male ○ Drive & instinct that are beyond our awareness and female. He created them. God blessed them, ○ the goal is to turn our Unconscious aspect of life saying, “Be fertile and multiply, fill the earth and into conscious subdue it. Have dominion over the fish of the sea, ○ the goal is to turn our Unconscious into conscious the birds in the air, and all the living things that in a healthy way more on the earth” ○ if repressed for a long time. It will come out Christian or Biblical view of the Self naturally in distorted form ○ Man, redeemed by the Savior, now shares in His Dreams infinite merits and inherits both the new earth and Freudian Slips Or Slip Of The Tongue heavenly kingdom. As the crown of creation, the Misreadings "self" reflects various facets, including physical, intellectual, moral, religious, social, political, economic, emotional, sentient, aesthetic, sensual, THREE STRUCTURES OF PERSONALITY and sexual aspects, all radiating the glory of human nature ID (Pleasure EGO (Reality SUPER EGO How Religion Affect Your Sense Of Self? Principle) Principle)) (Morality) ○ Religion may also make you feel better about yourself by making you feel part of your larger psyche that includes aspect of the managing all of our culture. People who are religious have higher all the primal and psyche that must internalized morals, self-esteem and better psychological adjustment unconscious desires deal with the standards, and than people who aren't, according to a January demands of the real ideals 2012 s world UNDERSTANDING THE SELF Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - PRELIMS “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” Self has control on its own thoughts, characteristics, and volition ○ INDEPENDENT FREUDIAN STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT It does not require any other self to exist ○ CONSISTENT ORAL the mouth becomes MOUTH = Sucking, Self has a personality that is enduring the part of the body biting, Chewing and expected to persist for quite some through which time gratification is ORAL RECEPTIVE ○ UNITARY secured, 0-1 ORAL AGGRESSIVE Self is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run through a certain ANAL (expulsive phase)the ANUS = Bowel and person child derives the Bladder Control ○ PRIVATE feelings of pleasure Self is isolated from the external world or pain from ANAL RETENTIVE defecating. It covers ANAL EXPULSIVE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST PERSPECTIVE the toilet-training period, 2-3 yrs ○ the Merged view of the person and their personal Social Context where the boundaries of one PHALLIC the child gets PHALLIC cannot easily be separated from the boundaries of curious about CHARACTER: the other his/her genitals and ○ the Self should not be seen as a static entity that becomes attached OEDIPUS COMPLEX stays constant through and through to the parent of the ○ the Self is always in participation with social life opposite PENIS ENVY and its identity subjected to influences here and sex. The attraction there of a boy to his mother is called SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Oedipus complex, while that of a girl to her father is called Culture Electra complex, 3-6 Family yrs Creation of Social World (Socmed) Gender LATENCY from the age of 10 PEER to 12 years, sexual INTERACTIONS SELF AND CULTURE motivations presumably recede in importance as culture is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, the child becomes beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally preoccupied with without thinking about them, and that are passed along by the developing skills communication and imitation from one generation to the and other activities culture is symbolic communication MARCEL MAUS: Two Faces of the Self - MOI & PERSONNE GENITAL the deepest feelings MATURATION OF ○ Moi - person’s basic sense of identity of pleasure SEXUAL ○ Personne - social concepts of what it means to be presumably come INTERACTION; who he is from heterosexual SEXUAL IDENTITY relations SOCIO CULTURAL THEORY / THE INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE VYGOSTKY | MEAD SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST PERSPECTIVE HUMAN MIND IS SOMETHING THAT IS MADE Product of child’s interaction to environment: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF ○ Values ○ Norms ○ Practices ○ Social Beliefs SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF: (Stevens 1996) FAMILY FACTORS ○ Religious and Spiritual beliefs the self, in contemporary literature and even common sense ○ Resources is commonly defined by the following characteristics: ○ Economic Status ○ SEPARATE ○ Parenting Style Self is distinct from other selves GENDER ROLE ○ SELF-CONTAINED ○ Social Expectation UNDERSTANDING THE SELF Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - PRELIMS “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” ○ Conflicts & Rights physical, mental, social, emotional and moral traits ○ Gender Stratification ○ LGBTQIA+ THE BEGINNING OF LIFE TESTES - are a pair of sperm-producing organs that maintain the health of the male reproductive system SPERMATOZOA - male sex cells OVAL - female sex cells OVARY - organ found in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum ZYGOTE - the fertilized egg cell. this zygote goes to the uterus and continues to grow during gestation period of about 280 days or 36 weeks or 9 calendar months CHROMOSOME- thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells ○ each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ○ passed from parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique male parent may pass either X and Y chromosome while an female parent always give the X chromosome XX - female off-spring YX - male off-spring WESTERN VS. EASTERN PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 1. PRENATAL- conception of birth 2. INFANCY - birth to 2nd week WESTERN EASTERN 3. BABYHOOD- 2nd week to 2nd year 4. EARLY CHILDHOOD OR PRE-SCHOOL AGE - 2-6 yrs Represents EUROPE and Asian Countries 5. LATE CHILDHOOD OR ELEMENTARY AGE - 6-12 yrs SOUTH AMERICA 6. PUBERTY OR PRE-ADOLESCENCE - 12-14 yrs 7. ADOLESCENCE - 13-18 yrs UNIQUE Other person are part of 8. EARLY ADULTHOOD - 18-40 yrs yourself 9. MIDDLE AGE - 40-60 yrs 10. OLD AGE OR SENESCENCE - 60 to death Talks about their personal Talks about their social roles Attributes THE CONCEPT OF BEAUTY Highlights personal Keeps a low profile and avoid achievements boastfulness Taking Care of My Physical Self BODY TYPE Individualistic – Focus on the Collectivistic – Group and social ECTOMORPH person relations ○ Small “delicate” frame and bone structure are more important ○ Classic “hard gainer” ○ Flat chest Values Competition Values Cooperation ○ Small shoulders ○ Thin Values Equality Values Hierarchy ○ Lean muscle mass ○ Finds it hard to gain weight ○ Fast metabolism THE SELF-FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVE MESOMORPH THE TWO FACTORS IN DEVELOPING THE SELF ○ Athletic ○ Generally hard body ○ Well defined muscles ○ Rectangular shaped body NATURE/ HEREDITY NURTURE/ ENVIRONMENT ○ Strong ○ Gains muscle easily the transmission of traits or sum total of the forces or ○ Gains fat more easily than ectomorphs characteristics from parents experiences that a person ENDOMORPH to offspring. provides the raw undergoes from conception to ○ Soft and round body materials of which the individual old age. It also includes family, ○ Gains muscle and fat very easily is made up. Through the genes, school, nutrition and other ○ Is generally short hereditary potentials like agencies one is in contact with ○ "Stocky" build ○ Round physique UNDERSTANDING THE SELF Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - PRELIMS “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” “There are two types of beauty: One that can be seen by ○ Finds it hard to lose fat the naked eye that fades, and one that can be felt by the ○ Slow metabolism heart that stays” ○ Muscles not so well defined CONCEPT OF BEAUTY OBJECTIVE SUBJECTIVE PLATO: BEAUTY IS NOT HUME: BEAUTY IS IN THE ABOUT THE EXPERIENCE OF MIND OF THE PERSON OBSERVER BEHOLDING THE OBJECT ARISTOTLE: BEAUTY RESIDE KANT: BEAUTY IS DEFINED IN WHAT IS BEING OBSERVE BY JUDGEMENT PROCESS AND DEFINE BY THE OF MIND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ART OBJECT SEXUAL LIFE BALANCED DIET - consuming the right kind of food at the right time and in the right proportion. One’s food intake should contain the necessary nutrients essential for growth HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN SEXUALITY and survival. Such as Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats and vitamins and minerals ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH WATER - an individual should drink at least eight glasses of Allow us to see how the views of gender of sexuality change water everyday. It allows the body to function efficiently. It over time also washes away wastes to keep the skin clear and healthy Allows us to trace the behaviors that we have today from the SLEEP - Gives the bones, muscles, and the mind time to recover. An individual needs eight or more hours of sleep a Past day. One very important requirement for a refreshing sleep is ANCIENT GREECE a firm mattress MAN “MASCULINE” ○ Dominant ○ Symbol or fertility DIFFERENT REPRESENTATION OF BEAUTY WOMAN “FEMININE” CULTURE | SOCIETY ○ objects to be possessed ○ forbidden to own property ASIAN EUROPEAN ○ had no legal rights ○ roles: slim figure, small face, being thin and tall, to have Kids v-shaped jaw, pale skin, having long hair, having to be a Mother straight eyebrows, flawless light/tanned skin, having THE MIDDLE AGES skin, and larger eyes big breasts, large eyes, Churches a small nose, and high ○ corrupt cheekbones ○ irresponsible ○ using their power to dominate/influence people BODY DISSATISFACTION WOMAN’S LABEL negative attitude towards one's own physical appearance ○ TEMPTRESS (EVE) - a sexually attractive woman who sets out to allure or seduce someone BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER ○ WOMAN OF VIRTUE (MARY/SAINTLY) - price is mental health disorder in which you can't stop thinking about ○ above 'Rubies'. She is a woman who cannot be one or more perceived defects or flaws in your appearance bought with any currency in the world; no price can ○ SUBTYPES: be placed on her Muscle Dysmorphia STRONGEST DISTORTED INFLUENCE BDD by Proxy ○ Mental Disorder EATING DISORDER influenced by Evil Psychological conditions that cause unhealthy eating habits witch to develop sentenced to Death obsession with food, body weight, or body shape PROTESTANT Eating Disorder PROTESTANISM ○ Anorexia ○ movement against the Catholic Churches ○ Bulimia ○ believed that Sexuality is a natural part of life ○ Binge Eating Disorder ○ priest should be able to marry or have their own ○ Pica family ○ Rumination Disorder ○ SEXUAL INTIMACY ○ Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Strengthens the bond between the ORGAN DIALECT couple Your mental state can be seen in your Physical condition ○ Normalize Sexual Orientatiom UNDERSTANDING THE SELF Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - PRELIMS “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” 17TH TO 18TH CENTURY PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE PURITANS ○ rallied for a religious, moral and societal reformation ADOLESCENES = IMPULSIVE ○ premarital Sex was considered immoral ○ risky Behaviors ○ “Sexual Acts out of Marriage is considered as ○ premarital Sex Sin” ○ reasons VICTORIAN (1837-1901) ○ frontal lobe is not fully mature (decision making) ○ Homosexuality & Prostitution ○ 20’s MATURITY STAGE Threat to Social Order ○ Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory became famous where in people became curious with their sexual drives LIBIDO person's overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity ○ Beliefs psychoanalytic theory libido is psychic drive or energy, Women should not enjoy Sexual particularly associated with sexual instinct, but also Activities (Considered as abnormal or present in other instinctive desires and drives Disorder) GENDER Man who ejaculate more than once a psychological aspects of being masculine or feminine month gets weaker (influenced by culture individual personality and self-identity) Key concepts: BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ○ GENDER ROLE: Cultural behavioral expectations for males or females ○ GENDER TYPING: Acquisition of knowledge (role) EROGENOUS ZONES from the society refer to parts of the body that are primarily receptive and ○ GENDER IDENTITY - Sense of being male or increase sexual arousal when touched in a sexual female (influenced by both biology and manner. Some of the commonly known erogenous zones are environment) the mouth, breasts, genitals, and anus ○ BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES: PRIMARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS sexual characteristics of the genitals sexual organs present at birth and directly involved in hormonal differences reproduction differences in brain structures SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS ○ ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES: sexual organs and traits that develop at puberty and are parental indirectly involved in human reproduction cultural Expectations to adhere gender CHANGES roles MALE ○ CULTURE: voice becomes lower religions hair growth on: adoptions ○ chest ○ face ○ underarms ○ legs ○ pubic Area increase in muscle size skin becomes oily and pores enlarge FEMALE breasts Enlarge hair growth on: ○ underarms ○ pubic area hip Widens skin becomes oily and pores enlarge EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE Beauty is more than just a cultural standard. It is primarily an evolutionary standard for attracting the best partner\ MALE WITH BROAD SHOULDERS instantly for a genetic survival physically Healthy FEMALE WITH LARGE BREAST nutrition child can survive UNDERSTANDING THE SELF Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - PRELIMS “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” ABNORMAL HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE characterized by lack of sexual desire or interest in sex NATURAL ARTIFICIAL METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION sexual performance or arousal difficulties 1. NATURAL METHOD - method do not involve any chemical PARAPHILIC DISORDERS or foreign body introduction into the human body sexual attraction to an unusual object or activity 2. ARTIFICIAL METHOD - SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION Sexual dysfunction generally is classified into four categories: DESIRE DISORDERS —lack of sexual desire or interest in sex AROUSAL DISORDERS —inability to become physically aroused or excited during sexual activity ORGASM DISORDERS —delay or absence of orgasm (climax) PAIN DISORDERS — pain during intercourse DELAYED EJACULATION - delayed or Infrequency absence of Ejaculation ERECTILE DISORDER - failure to obtain or maintain SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE erection during partnered sexual activities 1. CHLAMYDIA FEMALE ORGASMIC DISORDER - reduce intensity of 2. GONORRHEA orgasmic sensation 3. SYPHILIS MALE HYPERACTIVE SEXUAL - desire disorder 4. CHANCROID ○ Deficits or absence of: 5. HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS sexual/Erotic thoughts 6. HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS fantasies and desires for sexual activity 7. TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS PRIMITIVE (EARLY) EJACULATION ○ Deficits or absence of: sexual/erotic thoughts fantasies and desires for sexual activity PARAPHILIC DISORDER ○ PHILIA – strong attraction or liking ○ PARA – abnormal INTENSE and PERSISTENT sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with normal, physically mature, consenting human partners EXHIBITIONISTIC P. DISORDER ○ exposure of genitals to unaware person, showing genitals to public VOYEURISTIC P. DISORDER ○ observing/watching unaware naked person FROTTEURISTIC P.DISORDER ○ touching or rubbing genitals against unaware person TRANSVESTIC DISORDER ○ sexually aroused with a person who wear opposite dress code SEXUAL MASOCHISM DISORDER ○ aroused by being humiliated, beaten, bounded or experiencing suffer SEXUAL SADISM DISORDER ○ inflicting pain psychologically or physically PEDOPHILIC DISORDER ○ sexually attracted to children13 years old or younger NYMPH - victims FETISHISTIC DISORDER ○ sexually attracted to non-genital or non-living objects, almost exclusive with men