The Self From Western Thought PDF

Lesson 2 THE SELF FROM WESTERN THOUGHT Objectives: Upon achieving this lesson, you shall be able to:  a. describe if why it is necessary to understand one’s self;  b. define and confer the various ideas of notable people in the world of philosophy, psychology, sociology, anth...

Lesson 2 THE SELF FROM WESTERN THOUGHT Objectives: Upon achieving this lesson, you shall be able to:  a. describe if why it is necessary to understand one’s self;  b. define and confer the various ideas of notable people in the world of philosophy, psychology, sociology, anthropology and political science;  c. differentiate the constructs of self as introduced and presented by the various disciplines; and,  d. study and express the actual perception of one’s identity while looking at the bigger perspective discussed in the lectures. ACTIVITY: MANDALA Mandala is a Sanskrit word that means “sacred circle.” It is also symbolic of wholeness and unity. Mandalas are circular designs that use radial symmetry for balance. The word mandala comes from the Sanskrit word for circle, but mandalas can also be squares or a combination of squares and circles. ACTIVITY: MANDALA WHO AM I? – Philosophical Perspectives  SOCRATES– Examine oneself before reaching out to others  Soul is immortal  PLATO – Dualistic View of the Self  Rational, Spiritual, Appetitive Selves  AUGUSTINE – Body is bound to die or decay but the soul has the eternal realm and spiritually communes with God.  the body is the direct entity of the soul that completes the evidence of his spiritual communion WHO AM I? – Philosophical Perspectives  DESCARTES– “Cogito ergo sum”  doubting is part of the knower  self-identify and self- conscious are interdependent. personal identity is  LOCKE– made possible by self- consciousness  personal identity (or the self) WHO AM I? – Philosophical Perspectives  HUME– “Beauty is no quality in things themselves: It exists merely in the mind which contemplates them; and each mind perceives a different beauty.”  direct sense experience is the root of our genuine knowledge  There is no self  Impression the basic sensation of experience and the core idea of our minds (happiness, pleasure, pain, fear). Ideas are just duplicates of one’s impressions such that of a feeling, thought or imagination and are just derivative copies of reality.  WHO AM I? – Philosophical Perspectives  FREUD– theself is multi- layered, divided among the conscious, preconscious and unconscious  Unconscious – primitive, pleasure principle  Preconscious –thoughts available for recall  Conscious – Ego, controls one’s actions WHO AM I? – Philosophical Perspectives  CHURCHLAND– the self is the brain  MERLEAU-PONTY– “There is not a duality of substances but only the dialectic of living being in its biological milieu and that our “living body” is a natural synthesis of mind and biology and any attempts to divide them into The Sociological, Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives  MEAD–one's identity emerges out of external social interactions and internal feelings of oneself, not at birth Language, Play and Games  VYGOTSKY– people learn to self-regulate through control The Sociological, Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives BENEDICT– as people live within the society, they somehow acquired the cultural characteristics that became their head-on personality types JAMES– FUNCTIONALISM  He discovered the basic duality of the The Sociological, Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives BOWEN– a family diagram can best illustrate the multigenerational family emotional system and the rootedness of connections between and among themselves.  GENEALOGY BANDURA– Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the source ACTIVITY: FAMILY GENEALOGY