UTS Final Exam Reviewer PDF

UTS Final Exam Reviewer Chapter 8: The Material Self 1. William James and the Material Self o The self is composed of the material self, which manifests one’s identity through material possessions. 2. Components of the Material Self o Body: The physical self....

UTS Final Exam Reviewer Chapter 8: The Material Self 1. William James and the Material Self o The self is composed of the material self, which manifests one’s identity through material possessions. 2. Components of the Material Self o Body: The physical self. o Clothes: Reflect identity and status. o Pets: Serve as an extension of self. o People: Relationships that shape one's material identity. 3. Impact of Material Possessions o Positive: Can reflect achievements and status. o Negative: Excessive desire for material possessions may lead to psychological issues such as Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD). 4. Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) o Obsession with shopping and buying behaviors causing adverse consequences. 5. Materialism (Russell Belk) o Defines materialism as the importance a consumer attaches to worldly possessions. o Materialism can both enhance and diminish self-identity. 6. Consumer Culture and Society o Consumerism: A social system dominated by the consumption of commercial products. o Consumerist Society: Emphasizes spending time, money, and energy on consuming goods and services. Chapter 9: The Spiritual Self 1. Definition of the Spiritual Self o Inner essence connecting the person to the sacred, supernatural, and universe. o Gives deeper meaning and purpose in life. 2. Role in Development o Influenced by family, school, and church. 3. Spirituality o Rooted in the Latin wordspiritus (breath or life force). o Refers to meaning, purpose, and connection with a transcendent being. 4. Spirit o Term used in Christian tradition to refer to the Holy Spirit. 5. Worship o Essential acts include prayer, reading the Bible, attending sacraments, and doing sacrifices. o Seen as a way to realize the ultimate meaning of human life. 6. Christian Ethics o Faith, hope, and love enable encounters with God. o Characterized by reverence, faith, fear, trust, and love. 7. Search for a Meaningful Life (Buddha Gautama) o “The meaning of life is to find your gift. The purpose of life is to give it away.” 8. Three Major Phases of Meaningful Life o State of Shock: Initial response to suffering.  o Apathy: Emotional blunting as a defense mechanism. o Last Phase: Depersonalization; feeling detached and unreal. 9. Logotherapy o Developed by Viktor Frankl based on experiences in Nazi concentration camps. o Focuses on finding meaning in life through deeds, experiences, and suffering. 10. Animism  Belief that objects, creatures, and places possess spirits.  Indigenous practices in the Philippines often reflect animistic beliefs. Chapter 10: The Political Self 1. Definition of Politics o Politics is the acquisition and exercise of power in a society (Kendall, 1998). o Aristotle: Politics brings about a virtuous life in citizens; "man is by nature a political animal." o Stevens, Anglin, and Jussim (2015): Politics can be central to identity for some individuals. 2. Politics o Promotes ideologies about democracy, citizenship, human rights, and social issues. o Exists in all human societies and serves as a mechanism for understanding governance. 3. Jose Rizal’s Quote o "The youth is the hope of our future." 4. Political Self and Identity o Organized beliefs and attitudes about politics. o Helps understand government, laws, and citizenship. o Identity is shaped by citizenship and societal values. 5. Origins of Political Self o Family: Hierarchical structure teaches authority and respect. o School: Promotes patriotism and civic responsibility. o Church: Shapes moral and spiritual values influencing political behaviors. o Peers and Media: Provide alternative perspectives and foster critical thinking. 6. Theories of Political Self o Social Learning Theory: Learning through observation and imitation. o Cognitive Theory: Mental activities influence political behavior. o Symbolic Interaction Theory: Communication and symbols shape behavior. o Political Participation Theory: Importance of civic actions and responsibilities in governance. 7. Political Participation o Examples: Voting, rallies, decision-making processes. o Requires trust, open communication, and mutual respect among citizens.