UTL 213 Building Utilities 1 Plumbing & Sanitary - Don Honorio Ventura State University

D ON H ONORIO V ENTURA S TATE U NIVERSITY Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga C ollege of E ngineering and A rchitecture Department of Architecture  UTL 213 Building Utilities 01 Plumbing and Sanitary Systems Principles and practices...

D ON H ONORIO V ENTURA S TATE U NIVERSITY Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga C ollege of E ngineering and A rchitecture Department of Architecture  UTL 213 Building Utilities 01 Plumbing and Sanitary Systems Principles and practices in plumbing and sanitary systems- its design, installation, operation and maintenance in buildings in relation to the immediate surroundings or environment. Prepared and Utilized: Jeffrey L. Pineda, RLA, RMP [email protected] COURSE FACILITATOR IMAGE SOURCES: https://www.ny-engineers.com/mep-engineering-services/plumbing-services/sanitary-system-design#gallery MODULE 03 : Sanitary Drainage System  SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM Sanitary drainage system means an assembly of pipes, fittings and apparatus (usually located below ground level) used to collect and convey the discharge from a sanitary plumbing system, together with discharge from fixtures directly connected to a drain, to a sewer.” Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  ELEMENTS OF SANITARY SYSTEM The drainage installation of a plumbing system comprises three major component parts; the Drainage, the Waste, and the Vent, or simply called DWV: D - For drainage of solid waste. W - For waste coming from various fixtures other than water closet. V - Refers to the ventilation of the piping system. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  ELEMENTS OF SANITARY SYSTEM DRAINAGE SOIL SOIL PIPE PIPE Refers to an Any pipe which Affixed to pipe installation that conveys the installation that receives and conveys discharge of water carries human waste discharges from closets, with or coming from water water closet with or without the closet. without waste discharge coming coming from other from other fixtures Other term: fecal fixtures. to the house drain. matter.  ELEMENTS OF SANITARY SYSTEM SOIL SOIL WASTE BRANCH STACK PIPE Any pipe in a Vertical pipe Horizontal pipe drainage installation installation where affixed by the word that receives the the soil branches soil. discharges of any terminate. fixture except water closet.  ELEMENTS OF SANITARY SYSTEM SPECIAL VENT FIXTURE WASTE PIPE A pipe or opening used for ensuring Pipe that is not Refers to slop sink, the circulation of air directly connected lavatory, urinals, in a plumbing to a soil stack or bathtub and the like. system and for house drain. reducing to pressure exerted on trap seals.  PIPES, FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES SANITARY PIPES The principal materials used for soil and waste piping and for venting are as follows: Cast Iron Copper Plastic For vents, galvanized iron (G.I.) pipe is sometimes chosen. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PIPES, FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES SANITARY PIPES SPIGOT: The end of a pipe which fits into a bell. Also, a word synonymously with faucet Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PIPES, FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES SANITARY FITTINGS Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PIPES, FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES SANITARY FITTINGS Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PIPES, FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES SANITARY FITTINGS Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PIPES, FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES SANITARY FITTINGS Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  CUTTING OF PIPES AND CAULKING OF JOINTS CAULKING Plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials that are pounded into place. OAKUM – Hemp or old hemp rope soaked in oil to make it waterproof. This is driven around the hub connection, compressed to at least 3/4" (20 mm) to 25 mm (1") clearance then the joint is sealed with molten lead. EPOXY ADHESIVE – Another method of caulking where two (2) components are combined that forms a highly infusible material and highly resistant to water, acids, alkalis, fuel oil, sewer gases and other solvent when cured. (Advantage is that it eliminates the expensive and hazardous melting of lead). Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  HOUSE DRAIN House Drain is the portion of the plumbing system that receives discharges of all soil and waste stacks within the building/structure, and conveys the same to the House Sewer. Sometimes referred to as Collection Line of Plumbing System. It can be installed underground. For basements, it is usually suspended from the ceiling so the gravity flows to the Main sewer. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  HOUSE DRAIN Classifications of House Drains Combined Drain Sanitary Drain Storm Drain Industrial Drain Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  HOUSE DRAIN Combined Drain Type of house drain that receives discharges of sanitary waste as well as storm water. This is the oldest form of house drain. However, it is already phase out and no longer permitted. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  HOUSE DRAIN Sanitary Drain Type of house drain that receives discharges of sanitary and domestic waste only. The waste is usually conveyed to septic tanks. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  HOUSE DRAIN Storm Drain Conveys all storm clear water, or surface water waste except sanitary waste. Industrial Drain Type of house drain that receives discharges from industrial equipment that contain some objectionable acid wastes. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  GRADE OR SLOPE OF HOUSE DRAIN The house drain being a horizontal pipeline must produce the necessary velocity and discharge at a certain inclination, to attain scouring action. Section 154. Grade of horizontal piping All horizontal piping shall be run in practical alignment and at a uniform grade of not less than two percent (2%) -- 20 mm rise per meter length, and shall be supported or anchored at intervals not exceeding 3.00 m (10 feet). All stacks shall be properly supported at their bases and all pipes shall be rigidly secured. Two (2 inches) rise per every one hundred (100 inches) length. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo GRADE OR SLOPE OF HOUSE DRAIN Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  GRADE OR SLOPE OF HOUSE DRAIN A soil branch having a pitch of more than 2% has the tendency of waste separation. The water flow faster and the heavy suspended materials are left and deposited at the bottom of the pipe. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  GRADE OR SLOPE OF HOUSE DRAIN Section 157. Change in directions All changes in direction shall be made by the appropriate use of forty-five (45°) degree wyes, half wyes, long sweep quarter bends, except that single sanitary tees may be used on vertical stacks, and short quarter bends may be used in soil and waste lines where the change in the direction of flow is from the horizontal to the vertical. Tees and crosses may be used in vent pipes. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo GRADE OR SLOPE OF HOUSE DRAIN Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  GRADE OR SLOPE OF HOUSE DRAIN Section 158. Prohibited fittings No double hub, double T branch shall be used on horizontal soil or waste line. The drilling and tapping of house drains, soil waste, or vent pipes and the use of saddle hubs and bends are prohibited. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  GRADE OR SLOPE OF HOUSE DRAIN Section 187. Pipe cleanouts where required A clean out easily accessible shall be provided at the upper end of every horizontal waste or soil pipe. Also, at every change of horizontal direction, unless said change of direction is made at an angle of not more than twenty-two and a half degrees (22 ½°) and is easily reached conveniently with sewer rod wire. There shall be a clean out within five (5) feet inside the property line before the house sewer connection, connected from a full-sized branch, except for latter cleanouts shall be of the same nominal size as the pipes. The distance between clean out in horizontal waste or soil lines shall not exceed fifty (50) feet. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo GRADE OR SLOPE OF HOUSE DRAIN Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  WASTE PIPE Waste pipe is a pipe that conveys only liquid waste free of fecal matter. Types of Waste Pipe Direct Waste is one with terminal directly connected to the plumbing system. Indirect Waste refers to the connection with terminal not directly connected to the plumbing system. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  WASTE PIPE Different Types of Fixture Served by Direct Waste Urinals Lavatories ○ Pedestal ○ Wall-hung ○ Stall ○ Pedestal ○ Through ○ Two-piece Bathtub Sink ○ Siltz ○ Kitchen ○ Foot ○ Pantry ○ Bidet ○ Slop sink Showers Laundry ○ Single stall Laboratory ○ Gang Hospital Fixture Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  WASTE PIPE Different Types of Fixture Served by Indirect Waste Soda Fountain Bar Waste Refrigeration Drinking Fountain Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  HOUSE SEWER House Sewer is the portion of the horizontal drainage system, which starts from the outer face of the building and terminate at the main sewer in the street or septic tank. The house sewer is that part of a plumbing system extending from a point about four (4) or five (5) feet from the inner face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with another sewer. Sometimes referred to as Building Sewer. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  HOUSE SEWER The Main Sewer line is financed and maintained by the government. Those houses along the street with main sewer line are required to connect their house sewers to the public sewer line. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING FIXTURE TRAPS Traps used on plumbing fixture is a device scientifically designed to prevent the backflow of gases coming from the septic tank or sewer line passing through the outlet of the fixture. The basic function of the trap in a drainage system is to prevent objectionable gases from entering the plumbing system. Traps are only separation between the unpleasant and dangerously unhealthy gases in a sanitary drainage system and the air breathed by room occupants is the water caught in the fixture trap after each discharge from a fixture. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING FIXTURE TRAPS The column of water that is retained between the overflow and the dip of trap is called Trap Seal or sometimes to referred as Water Seal. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING FIXTURE TRAPS Water Sealed P-Traps are Classified into Two: Common Seal P-Trap Has five (5) centimeter deep water seal between the overflow and the drip that will offer resistance against abnormal conditions. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING FIXTURE TRAPS Water Sealed P-Traps are Classified into Two: Deep Seal P-trap Has from 7.5 - 10 centimeters column of liquid content between the overflow and the drip. It is purposely designed for extreme heat condition, increase and decrease of atmospheric condition, and circumstances where total ventilation cannot 7.5 – 10cm be obtained. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING FIXTURE TRAPS The P-trap is the most common and practical shape available in various sizes (32-50mm diameter). There are various forms of water sealed trap that be used. However, among various types, some are classified as Permissible Trap and Objectionable Traps. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING FIXTURE TRAPS Permissible Types of Traps: P-Trap* Drum Trap* -- water seal trap, large in diameter Stand Trap Brass Trap High Hub Trap Low Hub Trap Extra Heavy Trap Sink or Lavatory Type Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING FIXTURE TRAPS Objectionable Traps that were found defective: Full S-Trap ¾ S-Trap Bag Trap Mechanically sealed traps Light metal partition traps Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING VENTILATION Ventilation of a plumbing system, is that portion of the drainage pipe installation, designed to maintain a balance atmospheric pressure inside the system to prevent problems like: Trap seal loss Retardation of flow Deterioration of the materials Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING VENTILATION Trap Seal Loss can be attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap and the subsequent minus and plus pressures inside the system. Trap Seal Loss may be attributed to any of the following factors: Siphonage Back Pressure Evaporation Capillary Action Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING VENTILATION Siphonage Result of minus pressure in the drainage system. When large amount of water flow rapidly through the trap, self-siphoning is automatically developed and the water content of the trap (seal) is absolutely discharged. Direct or Self Siphoning Indirect or Momentum Siphoning Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING VENTILATION Siphonage Direct or Self Siphoning – occur in unventilated traps. Created when rapid flow of water passing through the pipe siphon down the water seal. Indirect or Momentum Siphoning – created by heavy discharge of water from a fixture installed on a line serving another fixture. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING VENTILATION Back Pressure Condition caused by a plus pressure which blows the water out of the fixture. It happens usually when a large flow of water drop and form as slug and compress the air downward inside the pipe. The compressed air will find its way out through a weather point. The trap seal will give way and blow out of the fixture. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING VENTILATION Evaporation This process is a minor problem and less probable to drain the water inside the trap. Evaporation happens only on floor drains not regularly used to admit water but is exposed to extreme temperature. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  PLUMBING VENTILATION Capillary Action This kind of trap seal loss seldom happen and is rarely experienced by homeowners. The condition is caused by a suspension of foreign object such as a string, rags, strands of hair extended over the outlet arm of the trap. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  VENTILATING THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM A plumber can adopt many ways and forms of ventilation in the plumbing system. The ways and forms depend upon the location of the fixtures and how they are combined or grouped. Ventilating may be done individually or group venting as recommended by the National Plumbing Code. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  TYPES OF VENTILATION IN THE PLUMBING SYSTEM Main soil and waste vent Main vent Yoke vent Individual vent Wet vent Unit vent Looped vent Circuit or loop vent Local vent* Relief vent Utility vent* Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  TYPES OF VENTILATION IN THE PLUMBING SYSTEM Main soil and waste vent The vent pipe used to ventilate the soil and waste pipes. Main vent Portion of the vent pipe system, serving as terminal for the smaller forms of individual and grouped fixture trap ventilation. Sometimes referred as Collecting Vent Line. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  TYPES OF VENTILATION IN THE PLUMBING SYSTEM Individual vent Portion of the vent pipe system that serves as a single trap. Sometimes referred as Back Vent. Unit vent Portion of the vent pipe system that ventilates two fixture traps (usually back to back) that discharges into sanitary cross fitting. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  TYPES OF VENTILATION IN THE PLUMBING SYSTEM Circuit or loop vent Two or more fixture traps are installed on a horizontal soil or waste branch. Relief vent Installed to ventilate the soil and waste pipe and the connecting branches rather than the fixture traps. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  TYPES OF VENTILATION IN THE PLUMBING SYSTEM Yoke vent Relief vent installed at 3-5 floor intervals. Sometimes referred as By-Pass Ventilation. Wet vent Portion of the vent pipe system where liquid waste regularly flows. Looped vent Type of ventilation used on fixtures away from partitions. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  TYPES OF VENTILATION IN THE PLUMBING SYSTEM Local vent A pipe connecting to a fixture and extending to outside air through which vapor or foul air is removed from the fixture. Utility vent Type of ventilation component commonly found on the exterior of buildings, usually on the roof or walls. It is designed to allow air to flow in and out of the building. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo MODULE 03 : (PART 2) Optional Slides  COLOR CODING OF PLASTIC PIPES & FITTINGS COLOR MATERIALS / ELEMENTS PIPE CONVEY BLUE POTABLE WATER ORANGE ELECTRIC CONDUIT LIGHT GRAY GRAY INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM YELLOW COMMUNICATION CABLE ORANGE BROWN SEWAGE SYSTEM Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  DEFINITION OF TERMS SEWAGE The liquid wastes conducted away from buildings/structures, also of the storm water. SEWERAGE A comprehensive term, including all construction for collection, transportation, pumping, treatment and final disposition of waste. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  DEFINITION OF TERMS CLEANOUT FERRULE A metallic sleeve, caulked or otherwise, joined to an opening in a pipe, into which a plug is screwed that can be removed for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe. TRAP A fitting or device so constructed as to prevent the passage of air, gas, and some vermin through a pipe without materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste water through it. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  DEFINITION OF TERMS SEAL The vertical distance between the dip and crown wire of a trap. ROUGHING-IN The installation of all pipes in the plumbing system that are in partitions and under floors. FINISHING The setting of Fixtures. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  DEFINITION OF TERMS SUMP A pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid wastes are drained. SHAFT A vertical opening through a building for elevators, dumbwaiters, light, ventilation, etc. SLEEVE A sheet metal placed when concrete is poured to accommodate future plumbing pipes. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo  DEFINITION OF TERMS PIPE CHASE An opening or space to accommodate a group of pipes. DUCT Opening for ventilation circulation of air. Source: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo END OF PRESENTATION Building Utilities 1 Module 03: - Sanitary Drainage System First Semester 2023-2024 Prepared by: JEFFREY L. PINEDA, RLA, RMP COURSE FACILITATOR [email protected] Review and utilized by: ALDRIN C. OCAMPO, RLA, RMP BERNA M. QUIAMBAO, RLA, RMP AR. JAYSON ORDOÑEZ, RLA, RMP References / Sources References: Plumbing (Design and estimate) Second Edition by Max Fajardo Architectural Utilities 1 (Plumbing & Sanitary) by George S. Salvan Some photos and illustration from web. Images Sources: https://www.ny-engineers.com/mep-engineering-services/plumbing-services/sanitary-syste m-design#gallery  VISION DHVSU envisions of becoming one of the lead universities in the ASEAN Region in producing globally competitive professionals, who are capable of creating, applying and transferring knowledge and technology for the sustainable development of the humanity and society. MISSION DHVSU commits itself to provide a conducive environment of the students to become globally competitive professionals through quality instructions and services; innovation and research towards the sustainable development of the society. To God, the Greatest Architect be the glory!