Urinary System HW PDF

14 The Urinary System KEY TERMS Exercise 1 Match the following anatomy terms with their definitions. D   1. afferent arteriole H   2. Bowman’s capsule J   3. cortex B   4. Gerota’s fascia A   5. hilus I   6. major calyces E   7. minor calyces C   8. nephron F   9. renal cor...

14 The Urinary System KEY TERMS Exercise 1 Match the following anatomy terms with their definitions. D   1. afferent arteriole H   2. Bowman’s capsule J   3. cortex B   4. Gerota’s fascia A   5. hilus I   6. major calyces E   7. minor calyces C   8. nephron F   9. renal corpuscle G 10. renal pelvis L 11. retroperitoneum K 12. urethra A. Area of kidney where vessels, ureter, and lymphatics enter and exit B. Another term for the renal fascia; the kidney is covered by the renal capsule, perirenal fat, Gerota’s fascia, and pararenal fat C. Functional unit of the kidney; includes a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule D. Carries blood into the glomerulus of the nephron E. Receive urine from the renal pyramids; form the border of the renal sinus F. Part of the nephron that consists of Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus G. Area in the midportion of the kidney that collects urine before entering the ureter H. Site of filtration in the kidney; contains water, salts, glucose, urea, and amino acids I. Receives urine from the minor calyces to convey to the renal pelvis J. Outer parenchyma of the kidney that contains the renal corpuscle and proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron K. Small, membranous canal that excretes urine from the urinary bladder L. Space behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity Exercise 2 Match the following anatomy and physiology terms with their definitions.   1. arcuate arteries   2. blood urea nitrogen (BUN)   3. calyx   4. creatinine   5. efferent arteriole   6. glomerulus   7. homeostasis   8. loop of Henle   9. medulla 10. Morison’s pouch 11. renal pyramid 12. renal hilum 13. renal sinus A. Portion of a renal tubule lying between the proximal and distal convoluted portions; reabsorption of fluid, sodium, and chloride occurs here and in the proximal convoluted tubule B. One of several conical masses of tissue that form the kidney medulla; each consists of the loops of Henle and the collecting tubules of the nephrons C. Retroperitoneal structures that exit the kidney to carry urine to the urinary bladder D. Inner portion of the renal parenchyma that contains the loop of Henle E. Small vessels found at the base of the renal pyramids; appear as echogenic structures F. Muscular retroperitoneal organ that serves as a reservoir for urine G. Part of the collecting system adjacent to the pyramid that collects urine and is connected to the major calyx H. Network of capillaries that are part of the filtration process in the kidney I. Central area of the kidney that includes the calyces, renal pelvis, renal vessels, fat, nerves, and lymphatics J. Right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate K. Small vessel that carries blood from the glomerulus of the nephron and conducts blood to the peritubular capillaries that surround the renal tubule 117 Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14   The Urinary System 14. specific gravity 15. ureters 16. urinary bladder L. Area in the midportion of the kidney where the renal vessels and ureter enter and exit M. Laboratory measurement of the amount of nitrogenous waste and creatinine in the blood N. A product of metabolism; laboratory test that measures the ability of the kidney to get rid of waste O. Maintenance of normal body physiology P. Laboratory tests that measure how much dissolved material is present in the urine Exercise 3 Match the following terms related to pathology and sonographic evaluation with their definitions. E   1. columns of Bertin A B   2. dromedary hump   3. ectopic kidney G   4. horseshoe kidney F   5. hydronephrosis H   6. renal agenesis D C   7. renal capsule   8. urolithiasis A. Normal variant that occurs on the left kidney as a bulge on the lateral border B. Located outside of the normal position, most often in the pelvic cavity C. Stone within the urinary system D. First layer adjacent to the kidney that forms a tough, fibrous covering E. Bands of cortical tissue that separate the renal pyramids; may mimic a renal mass on ultrasound F. Dilation of the renal collecting system G. Congenital malformation in which both kidneys are joined together by an isthmus, most commonly at the lower poles H. Interruption in the normal development of the kidney resulting in absence of the kidney; may be unilateral or bilateral ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Exercise 4 Label the following illustrations. 1. The kidney cut longitudinally. 1. 18. Descending loop 17. Collecting tubule 16. Pyramid Glomerulus 2. Ascending loop Capsule 3. Cortex 4. 5. 6. 15. 14. 12. Major calyx Renal papilla 7. Interlobular artery 8. 13. Minor calyces Perinephric fat 9. 10. Perinephric fascia 11. Renal artery Renal vein Pelvis Ureter Medullary rays 118 Chapter 14   The Urinary System Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.