Urinary System Anatomy PDF

Introduction to Human Anatomy BY DR/ ABEER MADKOUR MAHMOUD LECTURER OF HUMAN ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT Urinary System The urinary system is composed of 2 kidneys: filter the plasma and produce urine. 2 ureters: convey urine from th...

Introduction to Human Anatomy BY DR/ ABEER MADKOUR MAHMOUD LECTURER OF HUMAN ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT Urinary System The urinary system is composed of 2 kidneys: filter the plasma and produce urine. 2 ureters: convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder: stores urine, and when appropriate, discharges the urine through the urethra. Urethra: courses from the urinary bladder to the exterior.  The kidneys One on each side of the vertebral column. They extend from the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra to the level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3). It has 2 surfaces, 2 borders, and 2 ends. Covering of the kidney  The lateral border is convex; The medial border is convex at both ends and concave in the middle and presents the hilum of the kidney which gives passage to the renal vessels and nerves and the pelvis of the kidney.  The kidney is surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. The tissue of the kidney is differentiated into an outer cortex and an inner medulla. The pelvis of the kidney is a dilated sac which extends outside the hilum to be continuous with the ureter. The ureters: The ureters are two muscular tubes one on each side. They convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Each is 25 - 30 cm in length. Half of its course is in the abdomen, while the other half is in the pelvis. The ureters enter the pelvis and curve forwards and medially to reach the posterosuperior angle of the urinary bladder, where they open with a valve like opening. During the course of the ureter there are 3 sites of constrictions, these sites are liable for stone impaction and they are: 1- At the pelvi-ureteric junction. 2- Where the ureter crosses the common iliac artery. 3-At the uretero-vesical junction. The urinary bladder : The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ. It lies in the lower and anterior part of the pelvis. Its pyramidal in shape. The apex of the bladder is directed anteriorly immediately behind the upper border of the symphysis pubis.  The base is directed posteriorly. The neck is continuous with the urethra. ❑ In male, the neck rests on the prostate gland and continuous with the prostatic part of the urethra, ❑ In female it is continuous with the urethra. The capacity of the bladder is 220 cc of urine, but can accommodate up to 500 cc without discomfort.  Male urethra: It is 20 cm long. It is divided into 4 parts: 1- The preprostatic part 2- The prostatic part 3-The membranous urethra 4- The spongy part Female urethra: It is very short. It is about 4 cm long. It begins at the neck of the bladder. It opens into the vestibule in front of the vaginal orifice. Q1- In male, the neck of urinary bladder rests on: a- Seminal vesicle. b- Prostate. c-Vas deference. d- Epididymis.