Urban Water Management Challenges PDF

Urban Water Management  Class activity Discuss urban water management challenges in developing countries and ways of responding to the identified challenges  Presentation Outline Urban Water Management Challenges  Urbanization Trends 2008: the numb...

Urban Water Management  Class activity Discuss urban water management challenges in developing countries and ways of responding to the identified challenges  Presentation Outline Urban Water Management Challenges  Urbanization Trends 2008: the number of people living in urban areas surpassed the number of those living in rural areas by 2050, the percentage of the urban population will reach nearly 70 % Irrigated agriculture accounts 70–80 % of water withdrawals Industrial amounts to 20 % of total water use Domestic water (potable) use is approximately 10 % of the total PUSH and PULL factors leading to urbanization What are the push factors that lead to urbanisation? Agricultural Challenges: Limited employment opportunities due to farming mechanisation, environmental factors such as droughts, or insufficient land for the growing population. Economic Pressures: Poor economic conditions, lack of adequate income, and subsistence living conditions. Resource Scarcity: Inadequate access to resources such as water, healthcare, and education in rural areas. Disasters and Conflicts: Natural disasters that destroy livelihoods, and conflicts and wars can force people to leave rural areas. What are the pull factors that lead to urbanisation? Employment Opportunities: Availability of jobs in industrial, service, and technology sectors that are not found in rural settings. Better Living Standards: Perception of a higher quality of life, including modern housing, better healthcare, and access to goods and services. Education: Better educational facilities and institutions, and a wider range of educational opportunities for children and adults. Social Factors: Family ties or social networks already established in cities, cultural attractions, and lifestyle considerations. Healthcare Services: More accessible and advanced medical care in urban areas. Urbanization and Water Cycle Challenges facing urban water management Urban slums/Squatter settlements  no planning and few facilities Little or no access to basic water and sanitation services Without water and sanitation, the SDGs of poverty reduction, environmental sustainability, social development, and gender equality cannot be realized. Wastewater Generation The Climate Change Challenge Impacts of climate change in urban areas? Inadequate access to water disrupt the aquatic system, and deprive the city of critical ecosystem services natural infiltration and stormwater flows are disturbed Moonsoon rains in Bangkok, Thailand Impacts of climate change on water supply Water supply will be affected through: Damage to water infrastructure Increasing treatment costs reduced availability and operational capacity vulnerability of shallow groundwater systems (low infiltration/pollution) Impacts of climate change on sanitation damage sewers flooding may overwhelm treatment facilities and create public health risks. pollution from pit latrines Flooding may lead to increased incidence of diarrhea and respiratory illnesses Response Options to Climate Change restoration of urban green spaces Understanding climate impacts at a local scale Financing climate resilience in urban settlements Preparing for climate change requires an integrated approach- economic, social and environmental interventions Characteristics of a climate resilient city? Energy production and consumption: move toward cleaner and less carbon intensive fuels, keeping electricity costs affordable. Functioning public transport systems, and reduce traffic and congestion. Managing the emissions from transport and traffic congestion Energy efficient design of buildings: encouraging greater use of natural light and ventilation, proper insulation, and energy conservation measures. Forestry mitigation activities: create green spaces i.e. park area  Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark Energy production and consumption: wind turbines to produce energy. Powerplant that converts trash into energy. Mobility: As from 2019, 66% of all trips in the city are made on foot, by bike, or via public transport. City administration: aims to reduce energy consumption in municipal buildings by 40%, buildings more energy- efficient, alternative fuels, installing solar panels in buildings