Three To Six Years: Physical Changes & Dental Changes PDF

T h re e T o S i x Ye a rs : Physical Changes & Dental Changes D r. S u n i l B a b u ( M ) Pinkham, Ch. 18, pg. 259-263 • Physical changes 1. body 2. Craniofacial • Dental changes • Physical changes 1. body 2. Craniofacial • Dental changes Physical Changes Body • the average boy is app...

T h re e T o S i x Ye a rs : Physical Changes & Dental Changes D r. S u n i l B a b u ( M ) Pinkham, Ch. 18, pg. 259-263 • Physical changes 1. body 2. Craniofacial • Dental changes • Physical changes 1. body 2. Craniofacial • Dental changes Physical Changes Body • the average boy is approximately 38 inches tall and weighs about 33 pounds. • The average girl is slightly less than 38 inches (37.6 inches) tall and weighs about a half pound less than a boy. • For the next 3 years, ✓5 pounds of weight. ✓ 4 inches of height. PHYSICAL CHANGES • Boys are taller and heavier than girls during this time • Children tend to maintain their height and weight • Good correlation between the height and weight of the child and that of the adult. • Head growth seems slow. • Limb growth seems extremely rapid. • Trunk growth can be intermediate. • Abdomen – Up to 2 years – looks round and pudgy (fat) At 3-4 years – Becomes flat Physical Changes Body • Heart rate and respiration rate → slow • Blood pressure→ rises. Physical Changes- Muscular Body  Up to 4 years – the muscles grow at the same rate as the rest of the body  After 4 years – There is a rapid increase in the muscular system  Between 4 to 5 years 75% of the acquired weight is due to the development of muscle  Between 3 to six years the natural athletic ability of children becomes apparent. (We can make out which children are better at running and physical activity) Physical Changes Body • Cartilage in the skeletal system is increasingly replaced by bone. • Bones of the body become more calcified and harder. • Tendency to run and fall means that there is an increase in the occurrence of fractured bones. • Physical changes 1. Body 2. Craniofacial • Dental changes Physical Changes Craniofacial Changes • Growth of the head and face remains continue. • Increased change in growth of the face compared with the cranium has important effects on a child’s appearance and craniofacial structures. • Face becomes larger, wider, longer, and more detailed. Physical Changes Craniofacial Changes Cephalometric Analysis of Primary Dentition in Children. • Primary incisors are more upright than the permanent incisors. Physical Changes Craniofacial Changes • SNA in children (82.9 degrees) and adults (82.0 degrees) • Nasion and point A move forward in relation to the Sella Tursika So that angle SNA is no different in preschool children and adults. Physical Changes Craniofacial Changes • SNB and SNPg in children measure 78.1 and 77.4 degrees, respectively, whereas in adults they measure 80.0 and 83.0 degrees. • The ANB angle is greater in children (4.9 degrees) than in adults (2.0 degrees). Physical Changes Craniofacial Changes • The soft tissue prominence of the nose and to some extent the mandible continues to increase consistently with some reduction in overall facial convexity. • Lowering of the palatal vault with sutural growth and apposition on the oral side of the palate and resorption on the nasal side. Physical Changes Craniofacial Changes • Lowering of the lowest point of the chin, • Mandibular plane (lower border of the mandible) stays parallel to its original orientation. • This occurs because condylar growth exceeds the vertical maxillary growth, which prevents opening of the mandibular plane angle. • Growth in the transverse direction. Physical Changes Craniofacial Changes Growth in the transverse direction. Physical Changes Craniofacial Changes • The growth of the body and angles of the mandible are the result of apposition and resorption Physical Changes Craniofacial Changes Maxillary growth  The maxillary growth between 3 to 6 years is mainly in the transverse direction  This transverse growth is controlled by growth at the mid-palatine suture • Posterior maxillary and mandibular growth (sutural growth in the maxilla and endochondral growth in the mandible) helps to accommodate the emerging permanent first molars. Physical Changes Craniofacial Changes There is some appositional growth at the dentoalveolar ridges as the permanent anterior teeth erupt. Permanent anterior teeth will occupy a more anterior and protrusive position in the face. • Physical changes 1. body 2. Craniofacial • Dental changes Dental Changes • Table 12-5 Dental Changes • Entire primary dentition completes the root formation by 3 years of age. • Stable period clinically for the primary dentition, which was very active before its eruption was completed by 24 to 36 months and before root formation was completed by age 3 years. • Development of the clinical crowns of the permanent dentition and their subsequent eruption. • Some root resorption of the primary incisors for most children during the last 6 months of this period. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRIMARY AND PERMANENT TEETH Dental Changes The crowns of primary anterior teeth are wider mesiodistally in comparison with their cervicoincisal length than are the crowns of the permanent teeth. Dental Changes 2- The roots of the primary anterior teeth are narrower mesiodistally. Dental Changes 3- The crowns and roots of the primary molars are more slender mesiodistally at the cervical third than those of the permanent molars. Dental Changes 4-The cervical ridge buccally on the primary molars is much more pronounced, especially on both the maxillary and mandibular first molars. Dental Changes • 5- The roots of the primary molars are more slender and longer than the roots of the permanent teeth. • Flare out more apically, extending beyond the projected outlines of the crowns. Dental Changes 6-The buccal and lingual surfaces of the primary molars are latter above the cervical curvatures than those of the permanent molars. Dental Changes 7-The primary teeth are usually lighter in color than the permanent teeth. Thank you ☺