Physical and Dental Development of Children (6-12 Years) PDF

Six to Twelve Years Physical and Dental Changes Dr. Sunil Babu (M) Chapter 30 410-414 Outline • Physical changes 1.Body 2.Craniofacial Dental changes Physical changes • 6yrs- 3’ 10” and 48pounds • 12yrs- around 5’ tall and 85pounds Approx: 5-6% height & 10% weight increase per year By age 6-...

Six to Twelve Years Physical and Dental Changes Dr. Sunil Babu (M) Chapter 30 410-414 Outline • Physical changes 1.Body 2.Craniofacial Dental changes Physical changes • 6yrs- 3’ 10” and 48pounds • 12yrs- around 5’ tall and 85pounds Approx: 5-6% height & 10% weight increase per year By age 6- all body proportions will be close to the adult Most remarkable proportional change-lenthening of the limbs Changes in the Body Height • 6-10 years - boys • 10-15 years- girls Weight • Till 11yrs- boys Blood Pressure ↑ Pulse ↓ Mineralization of skeleton ↑ Muscular tissue ↑ Scammon’s Growth Curve Cranio-facial Changes Craniofacial Changes • Continuous progression of the growth in the head and neck. • From age 5 to 10 years → ▪ Neural and cranial growth are found to be almost entirely complete. ▪ the jaws grow at a faster rate than the cranium. Craniofacial Changes • Nasal projection and increased mandibular prominence. • The nasal cartilage and mandibular condyle continue to grow by endochondral bone. • Female mandibular growth spurt is most likely completed during this time period. • Growth modification can therefore be performed in this age group. Craniofacial Changes • Changes in cranial base length caused by endochondral bone formation at the sphenooccipital synchondrosis cease in early adolescence, • Some appositional changes continue to occur at the basion and nasion. Craniofacial Changes Vertically: • Continued lowering of the palatal vault with sutural growth and apposition on the oral side of the palate and resorption on the nasal side. • Facial growth is also complemented by dentoalveolar growth as the permanent teeth erupt and the alveolar ridges develop. Craniofacial Changes Transverse plane: • Continued growth at the midpalatal suture. • Palatal sutural growth completed in females • Transverse appositional widening of the alveolar ridge occurs with eruption of the permanent teeth. Craniofacial Changes • Widening of the anterior arch accompanies lateral incisor eruption and is followed by width increases in the canines and premolars. • Anteroposterior growth modification for class III and class II problems, growth modification can be attempted now or during early adolescence. Craniofacial Changes • Transverse changes should have been made using lingual arch type appliances unless rapid palatal expansion is going to be used with greater forces to interrupt the stable midpalatal suture. • Vertical growth will continue in the face until much later. Dental Changes • Stage of mixed dentition • Sequence of eruption Maxillary: 7-1-5-4-6-3-2 Mandibular: 7-1-6-5-4-3-2 • Root closure • Insisor angulations Sequence of eruption of permanent teeth Dental Changes • All of the permanent teeth usually have erupted by the end of the twelfth year (except of the third molars) • Enamel of all of the permanent teeth is complete by age 8 years. Dental Changes • The mandibular central incisor roots are complete by age 9 or 10 years. • The roots of the four first permanent molars, the maxillary central incisors, and The mandibular lateral incisors are usually complete by age 10 years. • The roots of the maxillary lateral incisors are complete by age 11 years. Dental Changes • The permanent teeth are usually angulated more buccally compared with their primary predecessors 123 degrees 151 degrees Dental Changes • The anterior teeth develop in their vault or crypt lingual to and near the apex of the primary incisors. Dental Changes • Premolars develop between the roots of the primary molars and continue to erupt in a slightly buccal position. Dental Changes • Diastemas between the primary incisors → provide space for the larger permanent incisors. Dental Changes The permanent canine in the maxillary arch is usually the last permanent tooth to erupt. • This period of development has been called the “ugly duckling stage” Dental Changes • Ectopic eruption of permanent first molars. Dental Changes • Ectopic eruption of lateral incisors due to positioning or crowding, • Ectopic canine eruption, and transpositions all can be traced to this period of development. Dental Changes • By the end of this period, • Most of the residual space resulting from either idiopathic spacing or leeway spacing has closed. Further eruption and drift occur in response to continued growth. Maxilla 1.8mm Mandible 3.4mm Incisal angulations • Tooth axis in primary and permanent dentition 123 degrees 151 degrees • 151 degrees • 123 degrees Primate spaces LEEWAY SPACE OF NANCE WAY SPACE OF NANCE Maxilla 1.8mm Mandible 3.4mm Ugly Duckling Stage Thank You