Iodinated Contrast Media PDF

Iodinated Contrast Media By: Melka Angela S. Lomonsod  Introduction 1 2 Widely used Intravenously pharmaceutical (Most Common) agents in Intra-arterially, radiolog...

Iodinated Contrast Media By: Melka Angela S. Lomonsod  Introduction 1 2 Widely used Intravenously pharmaceutical (Most Common) agents in Intra-arterially, radiology intra thecally, orally and intra-abdominally.  Basic Chemistry 1 2 Tri-iodinated Iodine (127) Benzene Ring High Atomic Basic Number Constituent of K-shell all ICM electron binding energy (34keV) Excellent radio-opcaity  Types of ICM 01 02 Osmolality Ionicity High-osmolar CM Ionic Low-osmolar CM Nonionic Iso-osmolar CM  Osmolar Definition: In biochemistry, referring to the 01 osmolarity, the concentration of osmotically active particles in solution  Osmolality HOCM LOCM IOCM - More than 1400 - 600 to 800 - 290 mOsm/kg mOsm/kg mOsm/kg - same - 5-8 times - 2-3 times osmolarity as osmolarity of the osmolarity of the blood, plasma plasma plasma and CSF. - Ionic - Ionic & - Nonionic Nonionic  Ionic Agents 1 2 Monomeric Dimers - Commonly - Joining two used anions: ionic monomers diatrizoate & together. 3 4 iothalamate Nonionic Agents Monomers Dimers Most widely used among Most ideal contrat LOCM medium Do not ionize 6:1 ratio, iodine to in solution. molecule. Higher viscosity and greater resistance to catheter injection.  Pharmacokinetics 1 2 Distributed only in Excreted mainly by the extracellular the glomerular fluid and not filtration. metabolized. 4 3 Readily dialyzable Half-life is 2 hours and can be prolonged to over 30 Note: Refers to the time of the contrast media that stays in the days in patients with severe body system. renal dysfunction.  General Policies for ICM Administration 1 1 2 2 Only authorized Stored at less than persons should 37 degrees inject ICM. maximum period of one month. 3 3 5 4 4 Multidose bottles Inspect contrast discarded if not Saturn containers used within 8 hours after being It’s composed mostly of hydrogen and helium opened.  Guidelines in IV Administration IV insertion Power Injector Injected via butterfly needle. 22 G or large needle (1.25” TO 1.5”) 2 3 Max Flow Rate IV: most common 5 mL/sec parenteral route. 2 mL/sec 1 4  Dosage of ICM 1 2 Potential risk Lowest dose factor for adverse necessary to contrast obtain adequate reactions. visualization. Standard Dose Maximum Limit 1-2 mL/kg at 200 mL with concentration of conentration of 300 mg/mL. 320 mg/mL  More info from: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/iod inated-contrast-media-1 Thank you