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Section B Lesson 10( three force,ways) 1.Corporate involvement: Conflicts arise when employees balances parent and worker roles Conflicts arise when employees balances parent and worker roles Childcare can affect productivity Corporate assistance can improve recruitment,retention,productivity,...

Section B Lesson 10( three force,ways) 1.Corporate involvement: Conflicts arise when employees balances parent and worker roles Conflicts arise when employees balances parent and worker roles Childcare can affect productivity Corporate assistance can improve recruitment,retention,productivity,absenteism and employee morale Policies adapt to parent’s needs,including flexible work arrangement,maternal and paternal pay leaves,childcare funding,and resources Back up childcare is available for sick children of during holiday On-site childcare is also available Legislative Initiatives立法举措 for Childcare Increased public sector awareness公共部门意识 of children's and family issues. Congress国会 allocates分配 funds for childcare assistance, provider recruitment, training, and service expansion服务拓展. Development of local resource and referral programs推荐计划 for family childcare services. Federal Government Regulations Supporting Needy Families Act 联邦政府法规支持 贫困家庭法 Temporary Assistance For Needy Families Act: Provides financial aid for pregnant women and families with dependent children. Goals: Assist needy families, end dependency on government benefits, prevent divorce, and reduce out-of-wedlock pregnancies.减少非婚怀孕。 Family Medical Leave Act Overview Highlights community responsibility to support families during change.  Balances work and family responsibilities. Offers up to 12 weeks job-protected, unpaid leave for medical and family reasons因医 疗和家庭原因而无薪休假. Covers birth, care of immediate family members, and self-care涵盖出生、直系亲属 的照顾和自我照顾. No Child Left Behind Act 2002 Reform Aimed to strengthen school accountability for educational results 旨在加强学校对教 育成果的责任。. Encouraged use of proven educational methods 行之有效的教育方法. Aimed to drive student achievement gains. Requires preparation for standardized tests 标准化测试 in elementary schools. Community Resource Linkages Forming linkages形成联系 to support services among communities due to social problems and limited funding. Teachers can link families with community agencies providing needed services.教师 可以将家庭与提供所需服务的社区机构联系起来 Teachers should understand available community resources for various family services. In Malaysia,– Department of Social Welfare Malaysia (JKMM), under the administration of the Ministry Women, Family and Community Department. Services: –“Teledera” Hotline–Adoption –Foster Care Application –Child Protection Teams There are three ways the community can provide resources for teachers and children 1.Natural Resources in Education  Communities offer numerous learning experiences丰富的学习经验 through parks, recreation areas休闲区, zoos, and museums. Teachers can use these resources to design curricula设计课程. Teachers and parents can help children understand community responsibilities through stewardship 管理职责 and protection of environment and resources. 2.People resources Community Resources in Education Community members can enhance classroom activities and serve as positive role models.社区成员可以加强课堂活动并充当积极的榜样 Teachers should understand local customs当地习俗 and lifestyles to share diversity 多样性with children. Active involvement in community service experiences fosters learning and development. 3. Material Resources Community Connections in Curriculum Enhance curriculum through community support.通过社区支持加强课程。 Increase classroom recipients课堂接受者 of everyday objects. Fast-food chains can donate cups, napkins, and props. Lesson 11 Four common practice barrier, 1. Differences between teaching and parenting 2. Maneuvering操纵 over turf草皮 3. Issue of trust 4. Differences in expertise 5. External factors Time Busyness Ideas of parental involvement Administrative policies Personal problems Four role dimensions Role Dimension Parents Teachers Scope of functions职能范 Play every role related to Concerned about the the care and children’s more limited 围 developmental of their classroom life child. Intensity of affect/ Emotion Highly emotional regarding Only mildly emotional. everything about their child Attachment Deeply involved in the Though care sincerely真 mutual attachment with their child. The relationship 诚地关心 for the children but do not form deep is longer attachments. The relationship is temporary. Rationality 理性 Parents cannot be Teachers can be more objective when responding objective in their analysis to matters回应事情 about 他们的分析客观 of their children. children’s strengths and needs Spontaneity自发性/ Often have emotional More likely to keep cooler Reaction reactions in heads and speak with unpremeditated ways 无 calmer objectivity. 预谋的方式when making decisions. Partiality 偏袒 Most likely biased有偏见 Show no favoritism toward any children 的 on their child’s behalf. Scope of responsibility责 Responsible for the needs Responsible for the needs and lives of their own child of a whole group of 任范围 children. May as observer Parent Observation in Education  Parents can observe in classrooms or during activities. Ideal observation booths or windows allow undetected observation未被发现的观察. Outdoor play provides natural opportunities for children to play freely. Partnership with families and community is encouraged. Parental Observation Guidelines Observe child's interactions and responses. Track child's interests and activities. Monitor child's problem-solving and assistance. Foster partnership with families and community. Dealing with parents difficult attitudes and behaviors 1. Dealing with Hostile Parents敌对的父母 Parent’s emotional position that may be masked by :hostility i. Genuine concern ii. Powerless iii. Inadequate & Guilty不足与有罪 v. Anxiety iv. Defensive& Suspicious Ways of dealing with hostile parents: – Remain calm. – Respect families’ concerns. – Acknowledge and accept the anger. – Adhere to facts坚持事实. – Express teacher concerns and emotions constructively建设性地。. – Reschedule the meeting if communication fails. 2. Dealing with Apparent Indifference Parents父母明显冷漠 Possible reasons behind apparent indifference: i. Economic pressure ii. Social or cultural differences社会或文化差异 iii. Personal & career interests iv. Emotional pressure Dealing with Indifferent Parents Adopt an attitude of accessibility.采取无障碍态度 View rejection positively. Assess reasons for family unavailability评估家庭无法参加的原因. Advocate提倡 for families overwhelmed by economic and personal pressures为承受 经济和个人压力的家庭辩护. 3. Dealing with Overly Involved Parents Parents’ individual and situation and motivation make them overinvolved: i. Reluctance to separate ii. Unmet personal needs未满足的个人需求 iii. Insecurities iv. Lingering缠绵 to talk 4.Dealing with Overinvolved Parents Understand parents. Reassure parents of child's well-being. Direct parents' efforts to other areas.引导到其他领域  Exercise assertiveness 锻炼自信and state position clearly. Draw clear limits on parents' prolonged conversation父母长时间的谈话. 4. Dealing with Others Specific Annoying Situations In addition to troubling attitudes令人不安的态度 and behaviours, several situations frequently arise in schools, irritating the teachers.学校里经常出现这样的情况，让 老师很恼火。 i. Late parents ii. Releasing children v. End-of-day problems iv. Lack of respect iii. Sick child exclusion issues vi. Ask for special treatment vii. Disagreement over readiness Late Parents in Childcare Administrators should handle late parents issues. Stress timely pickups in family handbook. Late policies must be strictly followed. Parents asked to create contingency plans or provide lists for late pick-ups.应急计划 或提供延迟接机清单 Child Releasing Guidelines Carefully release children under teacher's care to adult. Only release to individuals permitted by parents. Changes to pickup adult must be written with parent signature.  Verbal requests for access to another parent require court document.口头请求会见另一位 家长需要法庭文件。 Partnership with families and community. Sick Child Exclusion Policies Clearly stated policies for classroom exclusion.明确规定课堂排斥政策 Specific conditions in family/parent handbooks. File plans and names of providers during application process.申请过程中 Teacher Respect Importance Teachers should display good attitudes to parents. Administrative support and teacher value are crucial.政支持和教师价值至关重要。 Partnership with families and community is essential.基本的 End-of-Day Problems in Education Children often engaged in quiet activities. Classroom summaries and daily news flashes should be posted. Negative behavior reports should be avoided when everyone is tired and receptive to sensitive discussion. Partnership with families and the community is crucial. Parental Requests for Special Treatment Consider service provision before refusal.在拒绝之前考虑提供服务 Communicate policies in family handbooks.在家庭手册中传达政策 Partner with families and community. Disagreement Over Preschool Preparation Utilize teacher observations and parent information.利用教师的观察和家长的信息。 Discuss findings carefully. Provide specific guidelines on developmentally appropriateness.关于发育适宜性的具体指 导方针。 – A handbook may include information about: teaching methods used in a classroom lists of supplies parents may get ready on behalf of the child父母可以代表孩子准 备的用品清单 ways parents may be involved in school’s activities  dates of scheduled meetings facilities设施 and resources for parents information about school support and resources for families Parent's Handbook Requirements Clear understanding of school expectations and possibilities. Understanding of school work and parental involvement opportunities. Concise, attractive, and organized handbook.简洁、有吸引力、条理清晰的手册 Translation into all school's language. Handbook Overview: Classroom methods and progress reporting.课堂方法和进度报告 Parent supply lists. Parent involvement in school activities. Scheduled meetings, including parent-teacher conferences. School facilities and resources for parents. Process for parents to raise concerns. School support and resources for families. Section C Chapter 9 5 types of involvement 1.Parenting 2.Communicating 3.Volunteering 4. Learning at home 5.Decision making 6.Collaborating with the community 1. Parenting School Support for Families Provides parenting and child-rearing skills育儿技巧。. Enhances child development knowledge增强儿童发展知识。 Creates home conditions supporting learning and development. Uses family information to anticipate预料 child behavior and learning methods. 2.Communicating School Communication and Parent Involvement Effective two-way communication about school programs and student progress. Sharing information facilitates child's learning progress.分享信息有利于孩子的学 习进步。 3.Volunteering School Volunteering and Parent Engagement Schools involve families as volunteers and audiences to support students and programs. Volunteering enriches teachers' teaching and learning.志愿服务丰富了教师的教 学和学习 Parents gain insight into school activities and extend home teaching. 4.Learning at Home Schools Involve Families in Home Learning Activities Involves families in homework and curriculum-related activities. Parents carry on school activities at home with returned learning materials. 5. Decision Making School Participation in Families  Parent-teacher association (PTA) and advisory councils.家长教师协会 (PTA) 和咨 询委员会。 Committees and leadership opportunities. Supports children's safety, welfare, learning, and development. 6. Collaborating with the Community与社区合作 Schools Coordinate Services and Resources Provide assistance to families. Offer community services through voluntary work. PHYSICAL EDUCATION b) Explain TWO (2) benefits of an inclusive physical education classroom. (4marks) - 1. Improved social skills: Inclusive physical education classrooms全纳体育课 堂 foster community, promoting communication促进沟通, collaboration合作, and problem-solving among students of all abilities, fostering empathy andunderstanding of diversity in a supportive environment. - 2. Enhanced Physical and emotional development增强身体和情感发展 - Inclusive physical education offers tailored activities定制活动 for all students, including those with disabilities or different skill levels, enhancing physical health, coordination,and confidence, and boosting self-esteem增强自尊 and positive attitudes towards physical activity. c) Define TWO (2) challenges that you might face in the classroom. (4marks) - Limited Resources and Training = Limited resources and training for teachers in early childhood education hinder阻碍 the implementation of inclusive physical education practices, as they may lack specialized equipment,facilities, and professional development opportunities. - Parental Involvement and Communication = Limited resources and training for teachers in early childhood education hinder the implementation of inclusive physical education practices, as they may lack specialized equipment, facilities, and professional development opportunities.专业设备、设施和专业发展机 会。 d) Suggest TWO (2) strategies that helps you overcome the challenges mentioned in Question 3(c). - To overcome limited resources and training, educators can enhance their skills by attending professional development opportunities and collaborating with specialists in inclusive physical education. This collaboration provides valuable insights and resources. - To address parental involvement and communication issues解决家长参与和沟 通问题, educators should engage families in inclusive physical education through regular meetings, workshops, and informational sessions信息会议. They should develop personalized plans considering each child's abilities, interests, and preferences, ensuring effective implementation and support at school and home