MapEH Reviewer Q2: African and Popular Music PDF

MAPEH REVIEWER Q2 African and Popular Music Facts about Africa \- Africa is the second largest continent on Earth. \- The world\'s largest and hottest desert is in Africa. \- The world\'s largest, tallest, and fastest animals come from Africa. \- Africa consists of 54 countries and speaks 1,5...

MAPEH REVIEWER Q2 African and Popular Music Facts about Africa \- Africa is the second largest continent on Earth. \- The world\'s largest and hottest desert is in Africa. \- The world\'s largest, tallest, and fastest animals come from Africa. \- Africa consists of 54 countries and speaks 1,500- 2,000 languages. Music of Africa From the early 16th to late 19th century, enslaved Africans brought their music and instruments to the Americas. Music served as an expression of their hardships and a means of communication. They created drums and percussion instruments for their singing, which were later prohibited by their masters. Work songs, or \"holler songs,\" followed a \"call and response\" pattern, expressing the slaves\' struggles and hopes for a better future. Call and Response \- Known as "leader-chorus style," where phrases sung by the soloist are echoed by the chorus. Negro Spirituals \- Expressed the slaves\' hardships and longing for freedom. Ragtime \- Syncopated rhythms by black musicians became known as ragtime. Blues \- A simple musical genre requiring flexibility and improvisation. Jazz \- Originating in New Orleans, jazz is a complex genre combining traditional black sounds with blues characteristics. Dixieland \- An early jazz form combining blues, ragtime, and brass band traditions, popularized by Louis Armstrong and Jelly Roll Morton. Big Band \- A subgenre of jazz that rose in the 1920s, composed of 10 or more musicians. Bebop \- Developed in the 1940s with smaller groups and complex melodies, leading to many subgenres including rock and roll. Maracatu \- A Brazilian performance genre featuring parades, music, and storytelling, influenced by African musical traditions. Instruments Used in Maracatu \- Gongue (bell) \- Ganzas (shakers) \- Alfaías (drums) \- Caixas (snare drums) Popular Music \- \"Populus\" means "the people." Popular music is composed for wide appeal and profit. \- Defined as commercially oriented music intended for broad audiences in urban cultures. Key Features \- Distributed via analog/digital recordings, radio, television, film, and online platforms. Ballads \- Discuss topics of romance and life, characterized by slow tempos and varying styles (rock, pop, etc.). Standards \- Recordings from before rock and roll, including Original Pilipino Music (OPM) standards. Rock and Roll \- A blend of country and rhythm and blues, popularized by Elvis Presley in 1954. Disco \- A dance genre from the mid-1970s, characterized by syncopated bass lines and synthesizers. Alternative Music \- Emerged from the underground scene in the 1980s, characterized by guitars and lyrics addressing social issues. Yoga Background Yoga originated over 5,000 years ago during the Indus-Sarasvati civilization in Northern India. It emphasizes harmony between mind, body, and the environment. Yoga Postures 1\. Mountain Pose (Tadasana) \- Hold arms overhead, palms facing each other for 1 minute. 2\. Warrior 2 (Virabhadrasana) \- Bend right knee at 90 degrees, arms extended for 1 minute. 3\. Tree Pose (Vrksasana) \- Right foot on left thigh, hands in prayer for 30 seconds. 4\. Triangle Pose (Utthita Trikonasana) \- Bend over the right leg, touching the floor with right hand, left hand extended for 5 breaths. 5\. Downward Dog (Adho Svanasana) \- Inverted V position, hold for 3 breaths. 6\. Bridge Pose (Setu Bandha Sarvangasana) \- Lie on back with knees bent, lift thighs parallel to the floor for 1 minute. 7\. Seated Twist (Ardha Matsyendrasana) \- Right leg outside of left thigh, twist to the right for 1 minute. 8\. Cobra (Bhujangasana) \- Lie face down, press shoulders down for 15- 30 seconds. 9\. Pigeon Pose (Kapotasana) \- Push-up position with left leg down and right knee bent for 30 seconds. 10\. Child's Pose (Balasana) \- Sit back on heels, chest lowered to knees for 30 seconds or longer. Lesson 1: Structure of Argumentative Essay Argumentative essay Is a genre of essay writing whose purpose is to argue a position. Argument: the author develops multiple sides of an issue. Lopsided scale Balanced scale Introduction: Presents the topic and provides background information to contextualize the issue. a\. Objective background or preview of the text -- Provides neutral and factual information about the topic. b\. Thesis statement -- which presents the writers position or main argument. c\. Explanation of why the topic needs to be Discussed -- It highlights the significance of the issue in current society addresses why it is timely and relevant. 2\. Body -- Is where the writers develops and supports their claim or argument. a\. topic sentence -- Introduce the specific point or reason that will be discussed in a particular paragraph and support the broader claim. b\. Counter argument/Counter claims -- A strong argumentative essay acknowledge opposing views. c\. Refutation -- after presenting a counter argument , the writer should refute it by explaining why it is flowed or why their original position still holds more argument. 3\. Conclusion -- restate the thesis and summarized the key points of the essay. a\. Restatement of the thesis statement -- Is a rephrased version of the original thesis from the introduction. Language features 1\. The Following are cue words that signal reasons or evidence. In the first place First , second For the reason that As indicated by As shown by May be inferred from Since Because For In view of Given that Assuming that 2\. Opposing claims If you insist If you prefer If we consider As agreed upon As concurred As claimed 3\. Adverb contrast concession can be used to express disagreement while acknowledge the opponent point. Though Despite In spite of While Even if However 4\. Subordinating conjunctions Even though Although While Where as Ex. Although the idea that money satisfies ones want and needs, there is little evidence for a hundred percent satisfaction. 5\. Coordinating conjunctions: but and yet. Ex: The proposal is innovative, yet unconvincing in terms of usefulness. 6\. Transitional words: however and never the less. Ex. The ideas may sound convincing, however, it failed to present the essential points needed to win this argument. 7\. Conditional Statements: are also useful when stating a "what if" scenario. Ex. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the outdoor event. 8\. The following expression signal the conclusion: hence poin points to then impites that has this consequently therefore which proves that as a result which shows that. Lesson 2: Types of claims It is your opinion or stand on an issue debate. Claim of fact -- proved or disproved evidence. Claim of value -- something good or bad one this is better than another. Claim of Policy -- Should or should be not done. Speaking styles 1\. Impromptu speaking -- Involves delivering a speech with little to no preparation. 2\. Extemporaneous Speaking -- Involves delivering a speech that has been prepared but not memorized. 3\. Memorized speaking -- Involves delivering a speech that has been fully memorized and rehearsed. 4\. Manu script Speaking -- Involves reading a speech word forward from a written script. 6 devices you can use to get and sustain the attention. 1\. Rhetorical Question -- will lead the listener to the speaker's line of thinking. 2\. Startling Statement -- attracts attention by being shocking, surprising or astonishing. 3\. Anecdote -- usually humorous related to the topic under discussion. 4\. Quotation -- is usually from a poem or a line of prose or quoted remark about a current event. 5\. History -- Talks about the background of the subject or topic. 6\. Problem to be discussed or the fact to be established -- does well for technical types of talks.