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Behavior genetics perspective is the study of genetic influences on behavior. Nature vs nurture is the debate on genetic vs environmental influences. your genes are nature and your nurture is your environment. the twin studies was done on sets of twins to determine whether or not twins were similar...

Behavior genetics perspective is the study of genetic influences on behavior. Nature vs nurture is the debate on genetic vs environmental influences. your genes are nature and your nurture is your environment. the twin studies was done on sets of twins to determine whether or not twins were similar because of their genes or because of being in the same household. the finding was that the environment had no discernible impact on the twins personalities. evolutionary psychology perspective explains behavior through evolutionary adaptions. genes are units of heredity that influence traits. gene mutations is the alteration in DNA sequencing affecting function. Balyaev and Trut’s Fox experiment, experimented on foxes and their ability to like humans. each time they bred these foxes it was through selective breeding. each time they would select the nicest to humans fox and breed it with one just like it over many years to see if they could make foxes similar to dogs. They came to the conclusion that yes they could make them nicer then ones in the wild but not anywhere similar to dogs. Rozenweig and Krech studied environmental effects on rat brain development. culture is the shared beliefs or practices of a group. norms are social rules governing behavior in cultures. chromosomes are structures carrying genetic information there are 46 total, 23 from mom 23 from dad. your day holds the y chromosome and mom holds the x chromosome. collectivist culture emphasizes group goals over individual ones. individualistic culture focuses on personal achievements and independence. the social learning theory is learning through observation and limitation. puberty is the period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing. a menarche is the first menstrual cycle in females. a zygote is a fertilized egg; first stage of development up until about 14 days. an embryo is a developing organism from 2 8 weeks. organs form and heart begins to beat. a fetus is a developing organism from 9 weeks up until birth. the placenta is an organ providing nutrients to the fetus. teratogen are chemicals and viruses that can enter the placenta and harm the declining fetus. fetal alcohol syndrome is a disorder caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. the child has a low birth weight, small head, developmental delays, poor coordination, poor socialization, learning difficulties, poor memory, and behavioral problems. reflects are automatic responses; including rooting and swallowing. stepping is making stepping motions when held upright. babinski is the big toe moves up and other toes fan out when the sole of the foot is stroked. habituation is when newborns become bored with repeated stimuli and renew their attention to a slightly different stimulus. temperament is a characteristic emotional reactivity and sensitivity. heritability is the extent to which variation among individuals can be attributed to their differing genes. maturation is biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior; relatively uninfluenced by experience. a baby can sit unsupported at about 6 months, can crawl at about 8-9 months, can begin to walk at about 12 months and walk independently at 15 months. schema is a concept of framework that organizes and interprets info. assimilation is incorporating new experiences into out current understanding (schemas). accommodation is the process of adapting to a schema and modifying it to incorporate new information. object permanence is the awareness that objects continue to exist when when not perceived. self-awareness is being able to recognize themselves in this mirror. egocentrism is difficulty in taking another’s point of view. conservation is the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects. theory of mind is ideas about their own and others’ mental states. inner speech is vygotskys concept and he emphasized how the child’s mind grows through interaction with the social environment. he proves that inner speech helped children control their behavior, emotions and master new skills. the sensorimotor stage is piaget and is from 0-2 years. they experience the world through senses and actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping) preoperational;piaget is 2-7 years and representing things with words and images, using intuitive rather than logical reasoning. concrete operational;piaget 7-11 years. they are thinking logically about concrete events, grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations. formal operational; piaget 12-adulthood, abstract reasoning. autism spectrum disorder is a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interest and repetitive behaviors. Insecure anxious attachment is when a child constantly craves acceptance, they remain vigilant to signs of possible rejection and diminish social connections and support. insecure avoidant attachment is experience discomfort getting close to others and use avoidant strategies to maintain distance from others. increases openness to infidelity and increases conflicts. secure attachment is trusting and empathetic, able to set appropriate boundaries, feel safe stable and satisfies. stranger anxiety is a fear of strangers that infants commonly display because they are unable to see a lot of faces without overstimulation beginning at about 8 months of age. critical period is an optimal period in their life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development. imprinting is the process by which certain animal form strong attachments during early life and critical period; children DO NOT imprint. authoritarian parenting they impose rules and expect unquestioning obedience. The children tend to have fewer social skills, lower self-esteem and higher levels of stress and depression. Permissive parenting is unrestrained to make few demands and use little punishment. They may be indifferent unresponsive, or unwilling to set limits, the child tends to be more aggressive, immature, overly dependent and manipulative, lacking self-control in a steam and parenting, uninvolved careless and attentive, and don’t seek a close relationship with their child the child 10 step four grades, low self-esteem and increased social complex, authoritative parenting confrontive they are both demanding in response of the child tense of higher self-esteem more self rely and more socially responsible Kohlberg moral development level, one preconventional, self-interest, focused, bear rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete awards, Kohlberg moral development stage two conventional uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order. Kohlberg moral development stage three post conventional moral reasoning transcends society’s rules reflects and understanding that rules sometimes need to be changed/ignored infant – 18 months trust versus mistrust 13 to 21 year identity verse confusion. 21 to 39 years intimacy versus isolation 40 to 65 years generativity verse stagnation ecological system’s theory “the closer the system to the individual, the greater the influence”. Cross, cultural studies, research comparing different cultural context, longitudinal studies research in which the same people are studying and retested over a long period of time. Crystallizedintelligence knowledge accumulated over time and does not decline with age fluid intelligence as the ability to reason speedily decline with age correlation versus experiment correlation shows relationship relationships experiment show causation reinforcement verse punishment reinforcement increase his behavior punishment decrease his behavior sensation is the process of receiving and interpreting visual stimuli.