Biology PDF

What is Biology? Biology is the study of life and living organisms. The worl bielogy is derived from the Greek word "bioa", which mans cate and "logos", which means study. It in a study of the organ physical components and structure and delves into their chemical processes and molecular interaction...

What is Biology? Biology is the study of life and living organisms. The worl bielogy is derived from the Greek word "bioa", which mans cate and "logos", which means study. It in a study of the organ physical components and structure and delves into their chemical processes and molecular interactions. It is a natural science that studies the physiological mechanisms, development and evolution of all life forms. Biology: The scientific study of life An animal or plant, or any living thing is called an organism. Biology as a "unified science of life" Biology is a vast subject that takes up a wide array of disciplines and specializations. However, despite its many branches and proad scope, unifying concepts serve as strong guiding principles and influences over all recent study and research: The basic unit of life is cell The basic unit of heredity are genes, composed of DNA or RNA A stable internal environment is found in all organisms Evolution is responsible for the unity and diversity among living organisms All organisms survive by energy absorption and conversion MAJOR BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY Anatomy is one of the main branches of biology that allows an individual to understand the structure and the parts of organisms including animals, human beings, and living organisms. Moreover, it investigates how a living body adapts and maintains balance with the physical environment and human health. Botany is another major branch of biology to scientifically studies planta, their structure, histology, physiology genetics, and ecology. Moreover, the course covers che economic importance of various ecosystems and the impecs of plants on the environment. Taxonomy It is one of the most important branches of Biology that deals with categorizing and naming different organisms based on their characteristics. (nomng Zoology is one of the essential branches of Biology which is concerned with the study of animal behavior, physiology, structure, classification, and distribution. Microbiology is the study of life and actions of microorganisms itke bacteria, viruses, etc. Mycology is the scientific study and research of fungi. Fungi are a group of multicellular organisms that cannot make their food and play a major role in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem. Phycology is the scientific study of algae which is known as a diverse group of aquatic living beings who can perform photosynthesis. Parasitology is one of the branches of Biology and Medicine that works to understand parasitic organisms that live and feed in the host. Virology the most common branch of Biology that deals with chhe study of viruses and viral diseoses. Physiology Is one of the lesser-known branches of Biology that studies the normal functions of various parts of living organisms. Theoretical Biology is an interdisciplinary field of scientific research with applications in medicine, biology, and biotechnology and is a lucrative option when considering the branches of Biology. Cell Biology talks about the structure and function of the cell and the study revolves around the basic concept of biology that the cell is the fundamental unit of life. Genetics is described as the study of genes, genetic variations, and principles of heredity in living organisms. Ecology deals with the study of the interaction of Irving organiams such as plants, animals including homenad microbial populatione with one another and these ghya environment. Evolution is the study of heritable changes and diversification in different kinds of organisms over multiple generations Biochemistry is the intersection of biology and chemistry that studies various chemical and physicochemical processes that occur within the living body. This subject is best suites for students who are planning pharmacological fields. to work medical and Biophysicsdeals with the application of the laws of physice to biological occurrences or phenomena. Molecular Biology is the discipline of biology that deals with the structure of proteins and nucleic acids and their functions. Structural Biology is the branch of biochemistry, biophysics, and microbiology that allows individuals to study the molecular structure of biological macromolecules. Biotechnologyrefers to the exploitation of biological processes such as microorganiam genetic manipulation for the production of hormones, antibodies, and industrially relevant products Plant Physiology is the sub-discipline of Botany that deals with the physiology and functioning of plants. Immunology is one of the branches of biology and medicine concerned with immunity. Marine Biology involves the scientific study of the behavior and interactions of life forms and marine creatures with the oceans, seas, and other forms of the marine environment. Photobiology is the scientific study of the interactions Of Living organisms with light including visible, infrared, ultraviolet radiation. and Radiobiology involves the study of the action of ionizing radiation on living beings and their health effects. Biology Pioneers 1. Aristotle a Greek Philosopher is known as Father of Biology Me widely studied all the aspects of life and its origin. Aristotle's biology theory outlines five major biologieal processes: temperature, metabolism, regulation, inheritance, embryogenesis and information processing, 2. Gregor Mendel Considered the father of genetics, Gregor Mendel was in Augustine Friar and scientist in the 19th century. He performed studies on the pea plant that included experiments that established many of the rules of heredity and gave future generations better understanding of crossbreeding in animals and plants, allowing them to favor certain desirable traits and places him on our list of famous biologists. 3. Charles Darwin a British naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural-selection Darwin defined evolution as "descent with modification;" the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor. 4. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek A Dutch scientist and businessman, he lived during the Golden age of Dutch science and technology. He is known as the father of microbiology for his pioneering microscopes and discovery of microbes, even though he was a self-taught scientist. While working in a drapery shop, van Leeuwenhoek became interested in the possibility of using magnifying