UNIT-I-INTRODUCTION-TO-GLOBALIZATION.pdf

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION Learning Objectives: synthesize the definitions of globalization by the different authorities; explain the different attributes or characteristics of globalization; trace the historical periods of globalization; identify the different dimensions of...

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION Learning Objectives: synthesize the definitions of globalization by the different authorities; explain the different attributes or characteristics of globalization; trace the historical periods of globalization; identify the different dimensions of globalization; and expound the major ideological claims of advocates of globalism. Globalization is the process in which people, ideas and goods spread throughout the world, spurring more interaction and integration between the world's cultures, governments and economies.  Features: Farther Dimensions: Faster Cheaper Economic Political Deeper Technological Cultural Religious ecological Attributes, Qualities or Characteristics of Globalization 1. It involves both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional, political, economic, cultural, and geographical boundaries. 2. Globalization is reflected in the expansion and the stretching of social relations, activities, and connections. 3. Globalization involves the intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities. 4. Globalization processes do not occur merely or an objective, material level but they also involve the subjective plane of human consciousness. Without erasing local and national attachments, the compression of the world into a single place has increasingly made global the frame of reference for human thought and action. Historical Periods of Globalization 1. The Prehistoric Period (10000 BCE-3500 BCE) In this period due to absence of advanced forms of technology, globalization was severely limited. 2. The Pre-modern Period (3500 BCE- 1500 CE) In this period the invention of writing and the wheel were great social and technological boosts that moved globalization to a new level. The invention of wheel in addition to roads made the transportation of people and goods more efficient. On the other hand writing facilitated the spread of ideas and inventions.  3. The Early Modern Period (1500-1750) It is the period between the Enlightenment and the Renaissance. In this period, European Enlightenment project tried to achieve a universal form of morality and law. This with the emergence of European metropolitan centers and unlimited material accumulation which led to the capitalist world system helped to strengthen globalization.  4. The Modern Period (1750-1970) Innovations in transportation and communication technology, population explosion, and increase in migration led to more cultural exchanges and transformation in traditional social patterns. Process of industrialization also accelerated.  5. The Contemporary Period (from 1970 to present) The creation, expansion, and acceleration of worldwide interdependencies occurred in a dramatic way and it was a kind of leap in the history of globalization. Dimensions of Globalization  1. Economic Dimension This refers to the extensive development of economic rerelations across the globe as a result of technology and the enormous flow of capital that has stimulated trade in both sources and goods. The result of these powerful forces resulted in the wide gap between the rich and the poor countries.  2. Political Dimension This refers to an enlargement and strengthening of political interrelations across the globe. Political Issues that Surface in this Dimension – The principle of state sovereignty – Increasing impact of various intergovernmental organization – Future shapes of regional and global governance  3. Cultural Dimension This refers to the increase in the amount of cultural flows across the globe. Cultural diversity often results hybridization- a constructive interaction process between global and local characteristics which is often visible in food, music, dance, film, fashion, and language.  4. Religious Dimension Religion is a personal or institutionalized set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices relating to or manifesting faithful devotion to an acknowledged ultimate reality or deity. It is the most important defining element of any civilization as contrasted with race, language, or way of life. Religion is certainly central to much of the strife currently taking place around the globe  5. Ideological Dimensions Ideology is a system of widely shared ideas, beliefs, norms and values among a group of people. Globalization is a social process of intensifying global interdependence while globalism is an ideology that gives the concept of neo-liberal values and meanings to globalization.  5. Ideological Dimensions Major Ideological Claims of Advocates of Globalism 1. Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets. 2. Globalization is inevitable and irreversible. 3. Nobody is in charge of globalization. 4. Globalization benefits everyone. 5. Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world Have a good MORE LEARNING everyone ☺ -Ma’am Sha