Contemporary World - Chapter 1 - Defining Globalization (PDF)

SLIDESMANIA.COM CONTEMPORARY WORLD Ms. Fatima Aliriza J. Aguil RPm, JD SY 2024-2025 SLIDESMANIA.COM OBJECTIVES: 1. Understand what is meant by the term globaliz...

SLIDESMANIA.COM CONTEMPORARY WORLD Ms. Fatima Aliriza J. Aguil RPm, JD SY 2024-2025 SLIDESMANIA.COM OBJECTIVES: 1. Understand what is meant by the term globalization. 2. Recognize the main drivers of globalization. 3. Explain the effects of globalization. 4. Explain the main arguments in the debate over the impact of globalization. SLIDESMANIA.COM CHAPTER 1 DEFINING GLOBALIZATION SLIDESMANIA.COM WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? SLIDESMANIA.COM ➔ According to WHO: Globalization can be defined as ” the increased interconnectedness and interdependence of peoples and countries.” SLIDESMANIA.COM Globalization can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together. This process is a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural and political forces. SLIDESMANIA.COM ➔ According to Theodore Levitt, a German American economist and a professor at the Harvard, “Globalization refers to the existence of free exchange of goods, services, culture and even people, between and among countries.” SLIDESMANIA.COM It is generally understood to include two inter-related elements: 1. the opening of international borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services, finance, people and ideas; and 2. the changes in institutions and policies at national and international levels that facilitate or promote such flows. SLIDESMANIA.COM Globalization is often used to refer to ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION, that is, integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. SLIDESMANIA.COM ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION Closer integration of national economies through trade and financial flows as well as cross-border migration of people. SLIDESMANIA.COM This definition also covers what the European Union (EU) calls as the “four freedom”: 1. free movement of goods or products, 2. free movement of services 3. free movement of capital or investment 4. free movement of persons. SLIDESMANIA.COM WHEN DID GLOBALIZATION BEGIN? SLIDESMANIA.COM Some say globalization begun about 60,000 years ago, at the beginning of human history. Throughout time, human societies’ exchanging trade has been growing. SLIDESMANIA.COM Since the old times, different civilizations have developed commercial trade routes and experienced cultural exchanges. And as well, the migratory phenomenon has also been contributing to these populational exchanges. SLIDESMANIA.COM But it wasn’t until technological advances in transportation and communication that globalization speeded up. It was particularly in the 20th century that world trades accelerated in such a dimension and speed that the term “globalization” started to be commonly used. SLIDESMANIA.COM EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION SLIDESMANIA.COM EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION: As national economies ‘open up’ and lower their external barriers, they become more exposed- and more vulnerable-to global forces and influences. -The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development SLIDESMANIA.COM SOCIAL EFFECT 1. Increased circulation by people of all nations with fewer restrictions. 2. Spreading of multiculturalism, and better individual access to cultural diversity through media. 3. Greater international travel and tourism. 4. Worldwide sporting events such as FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games. SLIDESMANIA.COM POLITICAL EFFECT 1. Some use "globalization" to mean the creation of a world government, or cartels of governments (e.g. WTO, World Bank, and IMF) which regulate the relationships among governments and guarantees the rights arising from social and economic globalization. SLIDESMANIA.COM POLITICAL EFFECT EXAMPLE #1 – UNITED NATIONS ✓ Negotiating Treaties ✓ Economic sanctions ✓ Humanitarian aid ✓ Political assistance ✓ Military intervention SLIDESMANIA.COM POLITICAL EFFECT EXAMPLE #2 – WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION ✓ It aims to lower trade barriers encourage multilateral trade. ✓ It’s a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements. ✓ It’s a place for them to settle trade disputes. ✓ It operates a system of trade rules. SLIDESMANIA.COM POLITICAL EFFECT EXAMPLE #3 – THE WORLD BANK ✓ It provides financing, advice, and research to developing nations to aid their economic advancement. ✓ It attempts to fight poverty by offering developmental assistance to middle- and low-income countries. SLIDESMANIA.COM LEGAL/ ETHICAL 1. The creation of the international EFFECT criminal court and international justice movements. 2. Crime importation and raising awareness of global crime-fighting efforts and cooperation. 3. Language - the most popular language is English. SLIDESMANIA.COM INDUSTRIAL EFFECT 1. Emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies. Particularly movement of material and goods between and within national boundaries. SLIDESMANIA.COM ECOLOGICAL EFFECT The start of global environmental challenges that might be solved with international cooperation: 1. climate change, 2. cross-boundary water 3. air pollution 4. overfishing of the ocean 5. spread of invasive species 6. factories are built in developing countries with less environmental regulation which may increase pollution SLIDESMANIA.COM TECHNOLOGICAL EFFECT Global telecommunications infrastructure and greater data flow even into the world’s most remote areas 1. Internet 2. satellites 3. Television 4. submarine fiber optic cable 5. wireless telephones  CRITICS SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Anti-globalization Movement- wants an end to what it considers as a highly imbalanced system of globalization that: 1. favors the First World over the Third World 2. corporations over citizens and communities 3. profit-seeking over environmental sustainability SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Main point: There are advantages and disadvantages of globalization.  Any questions? SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM QUIZ #1 Get 1/2 sheet of paper. (Lengthwise) Write your name, course, and section. Number your papers from 1-15.