Unit 7-9 Notes PDF

‭Unit‬‭7-9‬‭Notes‬ ‭-‬ ‭ hina‬‭is‬‭no‬‭longer‬‭the‬‭dominant‬‭world‬‭power.‬‭China‬‭had‬‭much‬‭more‬‭land,‬‭and‬‭Europe‬ C ‭was‬‭a‬‭smaller‬‭space‬‭that‬‭was‬‭at‬‭the‬‭center‬‭of‬‭power.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭The‬‭Congress‬‭of‬‭Vienna‬‭was‬‭formed‬‭to‬‭create‬‭borde...

‭Unit‬‭7-9‬‭Notes‬ ‭-‬ ‭ hina‬‭is‬‭no‬‭longer‬‭the‬‭dominant‬‭world‬‭power.‬‭China‬‭had‬‭much‬‭more‬‭land,‬‭and‬‭Europe‬ C ‭was‬‭a‬‭smaller‬‭space‬‭that‬‭was‬‭at‬‭the‬‭center‬‭of‬‭power.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭The‬‭Congress‬‭of‬‭Vienna‬‭was‬‭formed‬‭to‬‭create‬‭borders‬‭between‬‭the‬‭countries.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Italy‬‭had‬‭been‬‭divided‬‭into‬‭many‬‭different‬‭independent‬‭states.‬‭After‬‭Napoleon‬‭was‬ ‭defeated,‬‭Italian‬‭unification‬‭began,‬‭and‬‭it‬‭became‬‭a‬‭country‬‭in‬‭1871.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Before‬‭Germany‬‭was‬‭truly‬‭created,‬‭it‬‭was‬‭the‬‭Holy‬‭Roman‬‭Empire.‬‭It‬‭was‬‭divided‬‭into‬‭31‬ ‭different‬‭states,‬‭and‬‭Prussia‬‭was‬‭the‬‭strongest‬‭of‬‭them.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Otto‬‭Von‬‭Bismarck‬‭was‬‭the‬‭prime‬‭minister‬‭of‬‭Prussia.‬‭His‬‭idea:‬‭you‬‭industrialized‬‭in‬ ‭heavy‬‭industries‬‭and‬‭created‬‭the‬‭strongest‬‭country‬‭possible.‬‭(‬‭Realpolitik‬‭)‬ ‭-‬ ‭They‬‭then‬‭take‬‭their‬‭military‬‭and‬‭start‬‭to‬‭conquer‬‭places.‬‭(‭B ‬ ismarck‬‭takes‬‭over,‬‭makes‬ ‭a‬‭large‬‭military,‬‭and‬‭takes‬‭over‬‭places‬‭).‬ ‭-‬ ‭Then‬‭he‬‭turns‬‭on‬‭Austria‬‭and‬‭takes‬‭their‬‭land.‬‭He‬‭makes‬‭an‬‭Alliance‬‭with‬‭Russia,‬ ‭France,‬‭and‬‭Italy.‬ ‭-‬ ‭They‬‭do‬‭these‬‭actions‬‭for‬‭ethnic‬‭reasons.‬‭The‬‭land‬‭taken‬‭over‬‭is‬‭their‬‭territory‬ ‭because‬‭their‬‭people‬‭live‬‭there.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭They‬‭then‬‭invade‬‭their‬‭western‬‭neighbor,‬‭France.‬‭This‬‭is‬‭the‬‭Franco-Prussian‬‭War‬‭.‬ ‭-‬ ‭France‬‭wants‬‭some‬‭land‬‭back,‬‭but‬‭they‬‭do‬‭not‬‭get‬‭it.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Germans‬‭acquired‬‭Alsace-Lorraine‬‭(The‬‭industrial‬‭part‬‭of‬‭France).‬ ‭-‬ ‭Germany‬‭industrialized‬‭heavily,‬‭they‬‭created‬‭alliances‬‭and‬‭then‬‭went‬‭back‬‭on‬‭them.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Bismarck‬‭is‬‭not‬‭the‬‭first‬‭Emperor‬‭of‬‭Germany.‬‭Kaiser‬‭Wilhelm‬‭was‬‭the‬‭first‬‭Emperor,‬ ‭and‬‭Otto‬‭advised‬‭him.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭MAIN‬‭causes‬‭of‬‭WWI:‬‭Militarism,‬‭Alliances,‬‭Imperialism,‬‭Nationalism.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Imperialism‬‭:‬‭Europe‬‭imperializes‬‭the‬‭world.‬‭They‬‭go‬‭for‬‭Africa‬‭and‬‭divide‬‭it‬‭into‬ ‭countries.‬‭The‬‭Balkans‬‭and‬‭the‬‭Americas‬‭were‬‭also‬‭divided.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Nationalism:‬‭Goes‬‭through‬‭the‬‭roof‬‭during‬‭WWI.‬‭Germany‬‭competes‬‭for‬‭neighboring‬ ‭territories.‬‭The‬‭Slavic‬‭regions‬‭are‬‭also‬‭nationalist.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Pan-Slavism:‬‭Many‬‭Slavic‬‭people‬‭are‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Balkans,‬‭but‬‭they‬‭want‬‭to‬‭be‬‭their‬‭own‬ ‭countries,‬‭not‬‭part‬‭of‬‭another.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Militarism‬‭is‬‭the‬‭massive‬‭expansion‬‭of‬‭militaries.‬‭Germany‬‭builds‬‭its‬‭military,‬ ‭France‬‭does,‬‭Austria‬‭builds‬‭it,‬‭and‬‭Russia‬‭does.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Rifles,‬‭machine‬‭guns,‬‭and‬‭new‬‭military‬‭tech‬‭are‬‭made.‬‭Strength‬‭in‬‭numbers,‬‭and‬ ‭everyone‬‭is‬‭in‬‭the‬‭military.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭Gas‬‭is‬‭also‬‭used‬‭more.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭alliance‬‭system:‬‭defense‬‭systems.‬‭Triple‬‭Entente‬‭:‬‭France,‬‭England,‬‭Russia.‬‭Triple‬ ‭Alliance:‬‭Germany,‬‭Italy,‬‭Austria,‬‭and‬‭soon-to-be‬‭the‬‭Ottomans.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Adding‬‭their‬‭colonies‬‭creates‬‭a‬‭globalized‬‭war.‬ ‭The‬‭“Spark”‬‭of‬‭WWI‬  ‭-‬ ‭ avrillo‬‭Princip‬‭(Serbian‬‭Nationalists:‬‭Black‬‭Hand)‬‭assassinated‬‭Archduke‬‭Franz‬ G ‭Ferdinand‬ ‭-‬ ‭Austria-Hungary‬‭approached‬‭Germany‬‭and‬‭amassed‬‭German‬‭support‬‭in‬‭case‬‭of‬‭a‬‭war‬ ‭with‬‭Serbia.‬‭Germany‬‭offered‬‭a‬‭“Blank‬‭Check”‬‭of‬‭unconditional‬‭support.‬ ‭-‬ ‭A-H‬‭wants‬‭to‬‭kill‬‭many‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Nationalist‬‭groups‬‭and‬‭investigate‬‭the‬‭assassination,‬‭but‬ ‭Serbia‬‭says‬‭NO.‬ ‭-‬ ‭A-H‬‭subsequently‬‭declares‬‭war‬‭on‬‭Serbia.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Serbia‬‭gained‬‭the‬‭support‬‭of‬‭Russia‬‭and‬‭France.‬‭Germany‬‭gave‬‭both‬‭nations‬‭yet‬ ‭another‬‭ultimatum‬‭to‬‭prevent‬‭them‬‭from‬‭mobilizing‬‭for‬‭war.‬‭Both‬‭nations‬‭refuse.‬ ‭-‬ ‭By‬‭August‬‭1914,‬‭Germany‬‭made‬‭the‬‭first‬‭move‬‭to‬‭Belgium.‬‭Instead‬‭of‬‭invading‬ ‭Alsace-Lorraine‬‭(already‬‭industrialized)‬‭,‬‭they‬‭moved‬‭through‬‭Belgium.‬ ‭-‬ ‭In‬‭1914,‬‭the‬‭Ottomans‬‭joined‬‭the‬‭Central‬‭Powers.‬‭Bulgaria‬‭joined‬‭in‬‭1915.‬ ‭-‬ ‭In‬‭1914,‬‭Serbia,‬‭Belgium,‬‭Montenegro,‬‭Romania,‬‭Greece,‬‭and‬‭Portugal‬‭joined‬‭the‬‭Allied‬ ‭Powers.‬‭Japan‬‭wanted‬‭German‬‭territories‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Pacific.‬‭In‬‭1915,‬‭Italy‬‭switched‬‭to‬‭the‬ ‭Allied‬‭powers‬‭in‬‭order‬‭to‬‭obtain‬‭Austria-Hungarian‬‭territory.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Japan‬‭wanted‬‭to‬‭involve‬‭themselves‬‭in‬‭the‬‭war‬‭because‬‭Germany‬‭had‬‭the‬‭land‬‭of‬‭theirs.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Italy‬‭was‬‭lied‬‭to‬‭as‬‭well.‬‭They‬‭were‬‭promised‬‭land‬‭in‬‭Africa,‬‭but‬‭they‬‭did‬‭not‬‭get‬‭it.‬ ‭-‬ ‭U‭N ‬ ‬‭I‭T ‬ ‬‭E‭D ‬ ‬‭S‭T ‬ ‬‭A‭T ‬ ‭E ‬ ‬‭S‬‭joined‬‭the‬‭battle‬‭in‬‭1917.‬ ‭Technology‬‭(It‬‭changes‬‭war)‬ ‭-‬ ‭Technology‬‭grows‬‭the‬‭size‬‭of‬‭the‬‭conflict.‬‭When‬‭the‬‭size‬‭of‬‭the‬‭conflict‬‭grows,‬‭the‬‭death‬ ‭count‬‭also‬‭rises.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Naval‬‭warfare‬‭between‬‭Britain‬‭and‬‭Germany‬‭was‬‭very‬‭common.‬‭They‬‭both‬‭used‬‭their‬ ‭Navy‬‭effectively.‬ ‭-‬ ‭When‬‭the‬‭LUSITANIA‬‭was‬‭destroyed,‬‭A‭M ‬ ‭E ‬ ‬‭R‭I‬‬‭C‭A ‬ ‬‭had‬‭to‬‭act.‬ ‭-‬ ‭New‬‭artillery,‬‭tanks,‬‭airplanes‬‭(not‬‭effective)‬‭,‬‭firearms,‬‭and‬‭chemical‬‭gasses‬‭were‬ ‭advanced‬‭and‬‭used‬‭much‬‭more.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Mustard‬‭gas‬‭was‬‭extremely‬‭damaging‬‭to‬‭the‬‭human‬‭body.‬ ‭-‬ ‭This‬‭was‬‭the‬‭beginning‬‭of‬‭trench‬‭warfare.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Trench‬‭warfare‬‭was‬‭used‬‭on‬‭the‬‭Western‬‭front.‬‭It‬‭consisted‬‭of‬‭a‬‭complex‬‭trench‬‭system‬ ‭in‬‭which‬‭soldiers‬‭would‬‭reside‬‭for‬‭weeks‬‭on‬‭end.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Western‬‭Theater‬‭:‬‭Border‬‭of‬‭Germany‬‭and‬‭France.‬‭Eastern‬‭Theater:‬‭Border‬‭of‬‭Russian‬ ‭and‬‭A-H‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Western‬‭Front‬‭was‬‭in‬‭a‬‭stalemate.‬‭Both‬‭sides‬‭continued‬‭to‬‭lose‬‭troops,‬‭supplies,‬ ‭and‬‭resources,‬‭and‬‭neither‬‭side‬‭made‬‭much‬‭progress.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Both‬‭sides‬‭changed‬‭their‬‭strategy,‬‭attempting‬‭to‬‭recruit‬‭more‬‭citizens‬‭and‬‭to‬ ‭propagandize‬‭the‬‭media‬‭in‬‭their‬‭favor.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Eastern‬‭Front‬‭:‬‭One‬‭major‬‭reason‬‭Germany‬‭lost‬‭both‬‭world‬‭wars‬‭was‬‭that‬‭it‬‭opened‬‭up‬ ‭the‬‭Eastern‬‭Front.‬‭No‬‭trenches‬‭were‬‭made‬‭in‬‭the‬‭East.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Russian‬‭Winter‬‭severely‬‭affected‬‭the‬‭Germans.‬  ‭-‬ ‭ he‬‭Russians‬‭invaded‬‭Eastern‬‭Germany‬‭and‬‭got‬‭Vladimir‬‭Lenin‬‭.‬‭Czar‬‭Nicholas‬‭II‬‭was‬ T ‭an‬‭un-sigma‬‭leader.‬‭Lenin‬‭was‬‭given‬‭$10m‬‭to‬‭get‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Revolution‬‭running,‬‭and‬‭it‬ ‭worked.‬ ‭-‬ ‭1914-1917:‬‭Russia‬‭continues‬‭to‬‭have‬‭its‬‭military‬‭might‬‭decimated‬‭at‬‭the‬‭hands‬‭of‬ ‭Germany,‬‭all‬‭Russian‬‭nationalism‬‭has‬‭disappeared.‬‭Still,‬‭the‬‭Russians‬‭helped‬‭to‬‭open‬‭up‬ ‭the‬‭Western‬‭front,‬‭contributing‬‭significantly‬‭to‬‭the‬‭allied‬‭victory.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Woodrow‬‭Willy‬‭was‬‭unsuccessful‬‭in‬‭nearly‬‭every‬‭single‬‭thing‬‭he‬‭did.‬‭He‬‭did‬‭stay‬‭neutral‬ ‭for‬‭most‬‭of‬‭WWI,‬‭which‬‭was‬‭a‬‭good‬‭thing‬‭for‬‭him.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Lusitania‬‭has‬‭controversy‬‭surrounding‬‭it.‬‭This‬‭was‬‭a‬‭“spark‬‭moment”‬‭for‬‭the‬ ‭American‬‭people‬‭at‬‭this‬‭time.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Zimmerman‬‭note‬‭was‬‭intercepted‬‭by‬‭the‬‭US‬‭gov’t,‬‭and‬‭was‬‭meant‬‭to‬‭be‬‭a‬ ‭distraction‬‭for‬‭America.‬ ‭-‬ ‭U.S.‬‭intervention‬‭allows‬‭the‬‭Allies‬‭to‬‭gain‬‭lots‬‭of‬‭troops‬‭and‬‭supplies,‬‭winning‬‭the‬‭war‬‭for‬ ‭the‬‭Allies.‬ ‭How‬‭does‬‭World‬‭War‬‭Uno‬‭lead‬‭to‬‭World‬‭War‬‭Dos?‬ ‭-‬ ‭Wilson‬‭attempted‬‭to‬‭push‬‭for‬‭the‬‭14‬‭points:‬‭freedom‬‭of‬‭the‬‭seas,‬‭international‬‭waters‬ ‭without‬‭barriers,‬‭removing‬‭trade‬‭barriers,‬‭reducing‬‭arms,‬‭ending‬‭secret‬‭alliances,‬ ‭adjusting‬‭European‬‭boundaries,‬‭league‬‭of‬‭Nations‬‭:‬‭modern-day‬‭UN‬ ‭-‬ ‭27‬‭nations‬‭sent‬‭representatives‬‭to‬‭Paris‬‭in‬‭January‬‭of‬‭1919,‬‭and‬‭nobody‬‭from‬‭the‬‭central‬ ‭powers‬‭or‬‭Russia‬‭was‬‭invited‬‭(other‬‭than‬‭Italy,‬‭which‬‭was‬‭ignored).‬‭Signed‬‭5‬‭treaties.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Treaty‬‭of‬‭Versailles‬‭(They‬‭made‬‭them‬‭admit‬‭that‬‭it‬‭was‬‭their‬‭fault)‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭big‬‭four:‬‭Woodrow‬‭Wilson‬‭(U.S.),‬‭prime‬‭Minister‬‭David‬‭Lloyd‬‭George‬‭(Britain),‬‭Prime‬ ‭Minister‬‭Georges‬‭Clemenceau‬‭(France),‬‭Prime‬‭Minister‬‭Vittorio‬‭Orlando‬‭(Italy)‬ ‭-‬ ‭George‬‭Clemenceau‬‭wanted‬‭to‬‭PUNISH‬‭Germany.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Germany‬‭gave‬‭Alsace-Lorraine‬‭to‬‭France.‬‭Germany‬‭also‬‭gave‬‭coal‬‭mines‬‭to‬‭France‬‭as‬ ‭well.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Japan‬‭believed‬‭that‬‭they‬‭should‬‭acquire‬‭everything‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Pacific.‬‭Instead,‬‭Australia‬‭has‬ ‭every‬‭important‬‭island.‬‭England‬‭and‬‭France‬‭split‬‭up‬‭German‬‭territories‬‭in‬‭Africa.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Germany‬‭gets‬‭disarmed‬‭by‬‭the‬‭League‬‭of‬‭Nations.‬‭All‬‭military‬‭ceases.‬ ‭-‬ ‭For‬‭extra‬‭embarrassment,‬‭they‬‭tell‬‭Germany‬‭that‬‭they‬‭are‬‭guilty‬‭(of‬‭the‬‭war),‬‭and‬ ‭Germany‬‭has‬‭to‬‭admit‬‭it.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Then,‬‭Germany‬‭had‬‭to‬‭pay‬‭extreme‬‭reparations.‬‭But,‬‭they‬‭cannot‬‭afford‬‭it‬‭because‬‭the‬ ‭inflation‬‭is‬‭too‬‭high.‬‭Essentially,‬‭money‬‭is‬‭completely‬‭worthless.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭League‬‭of‬‭Nations‬‭was‬‭a‬‭fail,‬‭and‬‭America‬‭did‬‭not‬‭join‬‭it.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Ottoman‬‭Empire‬‭was‬‭lied‬‭to.‬‭They‬‭were‬‭promised‬‭a‬‭piece‬‭of‬‭land‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Middle‬‭East,‬ ‭but‬‭they‬‭also‬‭tell‬‭the‬‭Jews‬‭the‬‭same‬‭thing.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Eventually,‬‭everyone‬‭was‬‭lied‬‭to.‬‭It‬‭was‬‭divided‬‭up‬‭into‬‭French‬‭and‬‭British‬‭regions.‬ ‭-‬ ‭France‬‭and‬‭England‬‭want‬‭this‬‭area‬‭because‬‭of‬‭the‬‭oil.‬‭BP‬‭(British‬‭Petroleum)‬‭was‬‭made‬ ‭for‬‭England.‬ ‭The‬‭Russian‬‭Revolution‬ ‭-‬ ‭Before‬‭the‬‭revolution,‬‭Russia‬‭is‬‭a‬‭monarchy.‬‭Czars‬‭lead‬‭the‬‭people,‬‭and‬‭they‬‭create‬ ‭great‬‭of‬‭divide‬‭between‬‭the‬‭social‬‭classes.‬ ‭-‬ ‭They‬‭mistreat‬‭the‬‭lower‬‭classes,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭lower‬‭classes‬‭assassinate‬‭them.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Czars‬‭resist‬‭change,‬‭and‬‭they‬‭limit‬‭their‬‭rights‬‭even‬‭more.‬‭They‬‭heavily‬‭censor‬‭the‬ ‭Russian‬‭people.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Czar‬‭Nicholas‬‭II:‬‭He‬‭was‬‭the‬‭leader‬‭that‬‭brought‬‭Russia‬‭into‬‭WWI.‬‭He‬‭attempted‬‭to‬ ‭industrialize‬‭Russia.‬‭No‬‭trade‬‭unions,‬‭organized‬‭strikes,‬‭or‬‭freedom.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Karl‬‭Marx:‬‭The‬‭Father‬‭of‬‭Communism.‬‭He‬‭believes‬‭that‬‭workers‬‭should‬‭work‬‭to‬ ‭overthrow‬‭the‬‭upper‬‭class,‬‭and‬‭everyone‬‭should‬‭be‬‭equal‬‭(equal‬‭pay,‬‭prices,‬‭living‬ ‭conditions,‬‭etc.)‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭working‬‭class‬‭takes‬‭these‬‭overthrows‬‭very‬‭seriously.‬‭The‬‭overthrows‬‭were‬‭violent.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Proletariats‬‭distributed‬‭the‬‭resources‬‭back‬‭to‬‭the‬‭people.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Bolsheviks‬‭were‬‭the‬‭Marxist‬‭groups‬‭lead‬‭by‬‭Lenin.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Czar‬‭enters‬‭a‬‭war‬‭with‬‭Japan,‬‭and‬‭they‬‭lose‬‭(money‬‭and‬‭lives).‬ ‭-‬ ‭Bloody‬‭Sunday‬‭was‬‭a‬‭failed‬‭revolution‬‭that‬‭the‬‭government‬‭put‬‭down.‬ ‭-‬ ‭According‬‭to‬‭SMP,‬‭without‬‭Russia,‬‭WWI‬‭could’ve‬‭gone‬‭differently.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Revolution‬‭takes‬‭place‬‭during‬‭WWI.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭March‬‭Revolution‬‭saw‬‭prices‬‭inflate‬‭wildly‬‭and‬‭food‬‭dwindled.‬‭The‬‭women‬‭textile‬ ‭workers‬‭lead‬‭this‬‭revolution.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Rasputin‬‭was‬‭a‬‭holy‬‭man‬‭(gypsy)‬‭who‬‭gained‬‭political‬‭power‬‭from‬‭his‬‭relationship‬‭with‬ ‭the‬‭Czar’s‬‭wife,‬‭and‬‭Czar‬‭Nick‬‭killed‬‭him.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Czar‬‭Nicholas‬‭leaves‬‭the‬‭throne‬‭and‬‭goes‬‭to‬‭his‬‭winter‬‭home.‬‭Revolutionaries‬‭find‬‭him‬ ‭and‬‭kill‬‭his‬‭whole‬‭family.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Vladimir‬‭Lenin‬‭led‬‭the‬‭Bolshevik‬‭party,‬‭which‬‭won‬‭the‬‭revolution.‬‭They‬‭are‬‭called‬‭the‬ ‭Reds.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Joseph‬‭Stalin‬‭was‬‭also‬‭a‬‭part‬‭of‬‭the‬‭revolution‬‭with‬‭Lenin.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Lenin’s‬‭idea‬‭of‬‭communism‬‭was‬‭different‬‭from‬‭Stalin’s.‬‭The‬‭people‬‭owned‬‭everything,‬ ‭but‬‭he‬‭did‬‭not‬‭outlaw‬‭private‬‭property.‬‭Everything‬‭was‬‭then‬‭redistributed.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Lenin’s‬‭communism‬‭was‬‭from‬‭the‬‭bottom‬‭up.‬ ‭-‬ ‭In‬‭1922,‬‭he‬‭became‬‭the‬‭first‬‭Communist‬‭leader‬‭ever‬‭,‬‭and‬‭when‬‭he‬‭died‬‭in‬‭1926,‬‭his‬ ‭body‬‭was‬‭preserved‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Red‬‭Square.‬ ‭-‬ ‭After‬‭his‬‭death,‬‭Stalin‬‭took‬‭over‬‭and‬‭began‬‭a‬‭new‬‭era‬‭for‬‭Russia.‬ ‭-‬ ‭China‬‭is‬‭not‬‭powerful‬‭(xue‬‭hua‬‭piao‬‭piao,‬‭bei‬‭feng‬‭xiao‬‭xiao)‬ ‭World‬‭War‬‭II:‬ ‭-‬ ‭World‬‭War‬‭II‬‭started‬‭because‬‭the‬‭Treaty‬‭of‬‭Versailles‬‭was‬‭a‬‭big-time‬‭failure.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Hitler‬‭and‬‭Stalin‬‭used‬‭a‬‭similar‬‭totalitarian‬‭system‬‭to‬‭control‬‭their‬‭people,‬‭but‬‭they‬‭did‬‭not‬ ‭like‬‭each‬‭other.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Hitler‬‭was‬‭good‬‭at‬‭speaking‬‭to‬‭the‬‭people.‬ ‭-‬ ‭ talin‬‭was‬‭a‬‭“top‬‭down”‬‭communist,‬‭believing‬‭that‬‭money‬‭should‬‭flow‬‭down‬‭through‬‭the‬ S ‭government‬‭and‬‭be‬‭redistributed‬‭to‬‭the‬‭people.‬ ‭-‬ ‭When‬‭his‬‭policies‬‭began‬‭to‬‭fail,‬‭he‬‭started‬‭shipping‬‭dissenters‬‭to‬‭work‬‭camps‬‭to‬‭kill‬‭them‬ ‭(ended‬‭up‬‭killing‬‭nearly‬‭10‬‭million‬‭of‬‭his‬‭own‬‭citizens)‬ -‭ ‬ ‭Benito‬‭Mussolini‬‭was‬‭the‬‭leader‬‭of‬‭Italy‬‭during‬‭WWII.‬‭He‬‭turned‬‭Italy‬‭to‬‭fascism‬‭first.‬ ‭-‬ ‭He‬‭believed‬‭in‬‭the‬‭6‬‭pillars‬‭of‬‭fascism‬‭(‬‭Pandora‬‭Fecko‬‭),‬‭and‬‭thought‬‭that‬‭a‬‭strong‬ ‭military‬‭would‬‭control‬‭the‬‭people.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭Hitler‬‭was‬‭a‬‭Fascist‬‭dictator,‬‭but‬‭was‬‭a‬‭good‬‭speaker‬‭.‬‭He‬‭created‬‭the‬‭Nazi‬‭party.‬ ‭-‬ ‭His‬‭upbringing‬‭comes‬‭from‬‭when‬‭he‬‭was‬‭gassed‬‭in‬‭WWI.‬‭That‬‭is‬‭why‬‭he‬‭had‬‭the‬‭small‬ ‭mustache.‬ ‭-‬ ‭He‬‭sees‬‭that‬‭the‬‭treaty‬‭of‬‭versailles‬‭created‬‭mass‬‭unemployment‬‭and‬‭depression‬‭,‬ ‭and‬‭the‬‭Weimar‬‭republic‬‭was‬‭a‬‭failed‬‭government‬‭system.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭Hitler‬‭believed‬‭that‬‭jews‬‭were‬‭a‬‭cause‬‭of‬‭Germany’s‬‭struggle.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Hitler‬‭then‬‭seized‬‭the‬‭government,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭other‬‭countries‬‭tried‬‭to‬‭appease‬‭him‬‭.‬‭He‬ ‭then‬‭takes‬‭over‬‭every‬‭place‬‭that‬‭has‬‭a‬‭few‬‭German‬‭citizens.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭Blitzkrieg‬‭was‬‭Hitler’s‬‭strategy‬‭of‬‭warfare.‬‭He‬‭took‬‭over‬‭places‬‭quickly.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Japan‬‭was‬‭left‬‭out‬‭during‬‭the‬‭talk‬‭about‬‭the‬‭treaty‬‭of‬‭Versailles,‬‭and‬‭they‬‭did‬‭not‬‭like‬‭that.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭great‬‭depression‬‭hit‬‭Japan‬‭hard,‬‭and‬‭Hideki‬‭Tojo‬‭took‬‭the‬‭military‬‭into‬‭his‬‭own‬ ‭hands.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Japan‬‭had‬‭an‬‭“‬‭island-hopping‬‭”‬‭strategy,‬‭where‬‭they‬‭took‬‭the‬‭pacific‬‭islands‬‭without‬ ‭notice.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭US’s‬‭strategy‬‭for‬‭Japan‬‭was‬‭called‬‭embargo‬‭.‬‭It‬‭was‬‭meant‬‭to‬‭suffocate‬‭a‬‭country‬ ‭slowly.‬‭The‬‭US‬‭cut‬‭off‬‭lots‬‭of‬‭Japan’s‬‭supplies.‬ ‭-‬ ‭For‬‭Germany‬‭to‬‭grow,‬‭it‬‭needed‬‭to‬‭take‬‭over‬‭its‬‭neighbors.‬‭Neville‬‭Chamberlin‬‭was‬ ‭scared‬‭of‬‭Hitler,‬‭so‬‭he‬‭allowed‬‭him‬‭to‬‭take‬‭places‬‭with‬‭more‬‭than‬‭50%‬‭German‬ ‭population.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭That‬‭lead‬‭to‬‭the‬‭fall‬‭fo‬‭Czechoslovakia‬‭and‬‭Austria‬‭.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Hitler‬‭is‬‭Austrian-born,‬‭but‬‭he‬‭believes‬‭that‬‭the‬‭Germans‬‭are‬‭the‬‭perfect‬‭race.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Hitler‬‭then‬‭took‬‭the‬‭Sudetenland‬‭.‬‭This‬‭was‬‭from‬‭the‬‭Munich‬‭Agreement‬‭,‬‭which‬‭was‬ ‭when‬‭France‬‭and‬‭England‬‭gave‬‭Hitler‬‭this‬‭place.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Hitler‬‭then‬‭went‬‭to‬‭make‬‭an‬‭agreement‬‭with‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union.‬‭He‬‭wanted‬‭to‬‭make‬‭a‬ ‭Non-Aggression‬‭Pact‬‭,‬‭which‬‭wanted‬‭to‬‭split‬‭Poland‬‭in‬‭half‬‭between‬‭both‬‭countries.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭Hitler‬‭then‬‭bombs‬‭the‬‭life‬‭out‬‭of‬‭Poland‬‭and‬‭sends‬‭ground‬‭troops‬‭to‬‭clean‬‭it‬‭up.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Hitler‬‭was‬‭an‬‭evil‬‭person,‬‭but‬‭a‬‭decent‬‭military‬‭strategist.‬‭He‬‭invaded‬‭France‬‭and‬‭other‬ ‭places‬‭(blanket‬‭statement).‬ ‭-‬ ‭Winston‬‭Churchill‬‭was‬‭a‬‭big‬‭British‬‭guy‬‭who‬‭had‬‭to‬‭take‬‭some‬‭power.‬‭Hitler‬‭bombs‬‭the‬ ‭tea‬‭out‬‭of‬‭England,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭people‬‭had‬‭to‬‭hide‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Subway‬‭system.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Japan‬‭wanted‬‭to‬‭bomb‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States.‬‭Since‬‭Japan‬‭used‬‭island-hopping‬‭tactics,‬‭they‬ ‭took‬‭places‬‭that‬‭had‬‭American‬‭troops.‬  ‭-‬ ‭ he‬‭US‬‭tried‬‭to‬‭make‬‭peace,‬‭but‬‭that‬‭did‬‭not‬‭work.‬‭They‬‭basically‬‭knew‬‭that‬‭the‬ T ‭Japanese‬‭would‬‭attack‬‭them,‬‭but‬‭they‬‭were‬‭not‬‭very‬‭prepared.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭Japan‬‭annihilated‬‭the‬‭American‬‭fleet.‬‭The‬‭Kamikaze‬‭planes‬‭took‬‭many‬‭of‬‭the‬‭US‬‭ships.‬ ‭-‬ ‭After‬‭that,‬‭Japan‬‭woke‬‭the‬‭“sleeping‬‭giant”‬‭(America),‬‭and‬‭FDR‬‭declared‬‭war‬‭on‬‭Japan.‬ ‭Hitler’s‬‭Invasion‬‭of‬‭Russia:‬ ‭-‬ ‭Hitler‬‭made‬‭the‬‭mistake‬‭of‬‭going‬‭to‬‭Russia.‬‭Russia‬‭is‬‭very‬‭cold,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭warfare‬‭is‬‭slow.‬ ‭The‬‭Germans‬‭are‬‭unprepared‬‭when‬‭winter‬‭sets‬‭in‬‭and‬‭need‬‭to‬‭surrender.‬ ‭-‬ ‭This‬‭also‬‭opened‬‭up‬‭a‬‭2‬‭front‬‭war‬‭,‬‭which‬‭was‬‭no‬‭bueno‬‭for‬‭Hitler‬ ‭-‬ ‭Allied‬‭powers‬‭start‬‭to‬‭take‬‭the‬‭land‬‭back‬‭slowly‬‭from‬‭Hitler.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Then,‬‭the‬‭Italians‬‭started‬‭to‬‭turn‬‭on‬‭Mussolini‬‭because‬‭they‬‭saw‬‭his‬‭Fascist‬‭ways.‬‭He‬ ‭was‬‭publicly‬‭beaten.‬ ‭-‬ ‭D-Day:‬‭The‬‭Americans‬‭are‬‭coming‬‭from‬‭the‬‭South‬‭to‬‭Italy.‬‭They‬‭then‬‭attack‬‭the‬‭French‬ ‭beaches.‬‭There‬‭were‬‭5‬‭beaches‬‭that‬‭were‬‭attacked‬ ‭-‬ ‭They‬‭are‬‭trying‬‭to‬‭strangle‬‭Germany‬‭and‬‭push‬‭them‬‭out‬‭of‬‭France.‬ ‭-‬ ‭After‬‭one‬‭month,‬‭they‬‭took‬‭back‬‭all‬‭of‬‭the‬‭beaches‬‭and‬‭pushed‬‭Germany‬‭back‬‭towards‬ ‭Belgium.‬‭There‬‭were‬‭mass‬‭casualties,‬‭but‬‭the‬‭surge‬‭was‬‭considered‬‭a‬‭turning‬‭point‬‭in‬ ‭the‬‭war.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Germany‬‭was‬‭quickly‬‭surrounded‬‭and‬‭forced‬‭to‬‭surrender.‬‭Hitler‬‭didn’t‬‭surrender,‬ ‭though,‬‭and‬‭allegedly‬‭shot‬‭himself‬‭in‬‭a‬‭bunker.‬ ‭-‬ ‭In‬‭the‬‭1930s,‬‭the‬‭Japanese‬‭began‬‭to‬‭take‬‭over‬‭Chinese‬‭land‬‭in‬‭an‬‭extremely‬‭violent‬ ‭manner.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Japan‬‭ended‬‭up‬‭attacking‬‭Pearl‬‭Harbor‬‭in‬‭response‬‭to‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬‭embargo,‬‭killing‬‭more‬ ‭than‬‭2400‬‭people.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭U.S.‬‭begins‬‭to‬‭intern‬‭Japanese-Americans,‬‭separating‬‭them‬‭from‬‭the‬‭rest‬‭of‬‭society.‬ ‭This‬‭causes‬‭a‬‭lot‬‭of‬‭anti-Asian‬‭racism‬‭in‬‭Western‬‭America.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Hideki‬‭Tojo,‬‭PM‬‭of‬‭Japan,‬‭acted‬‭dictatorially‬‭to‬‭imperialize‬‭the‬‭islands‬‭surrounding‬‭them.‬ ‭This‬‭was‬‭a‬‭common‬‭theme‬‭among‬‭fascist‬‭rulers:‬‭taking‬‭land‬‭through‬‭conquest.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Allies‬‭began‬‭to‬‭fear‬‭that‬‭the‬‭Japanese‬‭would‬‭never‬‭surrender.‬‭This‬‭provided‬‭them‬‭with‬ ‭two‬‭options:‬‭either‬‭invade‬‭mainland‬‭Japan,‬‭costing‬‭the‬‭lives‬‭of‬‭allied‬‭soldiers‬‭or‬‭drop‬‭the‬ ‭atomic‬‭bomb.‬‭They‬‭ended‬‭up‬‭going‬‭with‬‭option‬‭two.‬ ‭-‬ ‭U.S.‬‭General‬‭MacArthur‬‭created‬‭the‬‭island-hopping‬‭plan,‬‭taking‬‭all‬‭of‬‭his‬‭forces‬‭to‬‭one‬ ‭island‬‭and‬‭imperializing‬‭it,‬‭then‬‭moving‬‭on‬‭to‬‭the‬‭next,‬‭making‬‭it‬‭all‬‭the‬‭way‬‭to‬‭the‬ ‭Japanese‬‭mainland.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Allies‬‭intercept‬‭Japanese‬‭codes‬‭regarding‬‭where‬‭the‬‭next‬‭invasion‬‭would‬‭take‬‭place.‬ ‭They‬‭prepared‬‭their‬‭troops‬‭and‬‭ambushed‬‭the‬‭Japanese‬‭upon‬‭arrival,‬‭giving‬‭them‬‭a‬‭lead‬ ‭over‬‭the‬‭Japanese‬‭for‬‭the‬‭first‬‭time‬‭and‬‭allowing‬‭them‬‭to‬‭go‬‭on‬‭the‬‭offensive.‬ ‭-‬ ‭In‬‭the‬‭Pacific,‬‭the‬‭Japanese‬‭strategy‬‭was‬‭kamikaze,‬‭in‬‭which‬‭extremely‬‭loyal‬‭soldiers‬ ‭would‬‭essentially‬‭suicide‬‭bomb‬‭allied‬‭carriers.‬‭This‬‭created‬‭a‬‭fear‬‭that‬‭the‬‭Japanese‬  ‭ ere‬‭too‬‭committed‬‭to‬‭the‬‭war‬‭to‬‭ever‬‭give‬‭up‬‭(never‬‭surrender)‬‭.‬‭Even‬‭when‬‭pushed‬ w ‭back‬‭and‬‭faced‬‭with‬‭mass‬‭casualties,‬‭the‬‭Japanese‬‭forces‬‭refused‬‭to‬‭give‬‭up.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Truman‬‭gives‬‭the‬‭Japanese‬‭a‬‭warning‬‭about‬‭the‬‭atomic‬‭bomb.‬‭After‬‭waiting‬‭and‬ ‭receiving‬‭no‬‭response,‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬‭dropped‬‭the‬‭atomic‬‭bomb‬‭on‬‭the‬‭city‬‭of‬‭Hiroshima‬‭.‬ ‭Once‬‭again,‬‭after‬‭no‬‭Japanese‬‭response,‬‭they‬‭dropped‬‭another‬‭bomb,‬‭this‬‭time‬‭on‬ ‭Nagasaki‬‭.‬‭Over‬‭200,000‬‭Japanese‬‭citizens‬‭were‬‭killed‬‭instantly,‬‭while‬‭radiation‬‭killed‬ ‭hundreds‬‭of‬‭thousands‬‭more‬‭in‬‭the‬‭coming‬‭years.‬‭The‬‭biological‬‭side‬‭effects‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭bombings‬‭are‬‭still‬‭felt‬‭in‬‭modern-day‬‭Japan.‬‭A‬‭few‬‭days‬‭later,‬‭Japan‬‭surrendered.‬ ‭Cold‬‭War‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭dropping‬‭of‬‭both‬‭atomic‬‭bombs‬‭has‬‭changed‬‭the‬‭world.‬‭Cold‬‭War:‬‭1946-1991‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭war‬‭ends,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭power‬‭structure‬‭changes.‬‭Only‬‭two‬‭powers‬‭are‬‭left,‬‭the‬‭United‬ ‭States‬‭and‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭.‬‭England‬‭and‬‭France‬‭are‬‭both‬‭in‬‭a‬‭rebuilding‬‭phase.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Cold‬‭War‬‭is‬‭based‬‭on‬‭a‬‭capitalist‬‭democratic‬‭side‬‭and‬‭a‬‭communist‬‭dictatorship‬ ‭side.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Both‬‭superpowers‬‭have‬‭alliances:‬‭USA:‬‭NATO,‬‭USSR‬‭:‬‭Warsaw‬‭Pact‬‭.‬‭It‬‭was‬‭Western‬ ‭Europe‬‭vs‬‭Eastern‬‭Europe.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭United‬‭States‬‭pays‬‭countries‬‭to‬‭be‬‭allied‬‭with‬‭them.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭threatens‬‭other‬‭countries‬‭to‬‭be‬‭allies‬‭with‬‭weapons.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Truman‬‭was‬‭the‬‭first‬‭president‬‭after‬‭WWII‬‭and‬‭made‬‭a‬‭containment‬‭policy‬‭(‭T ‬ ruman‬ ‭Doctrine‬‭)‬‭to‬‭prevent‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭from‬‭expanding.‬‭(‭C ‬ ontained‬‭them‬‭)‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭US‬‭dumped‬‭a‬‭ton‬‭of‬‭money‬‭into‬‭the‬‭Western‬‭European‬‭countries.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭is‬‭called‬‭the‬‭Iron‬‭Curtain‬‭,‬‭according‬‭to‬‭Winston‬‭Churchill‬ ‭-‬ ‭One‬‭of‬‭the‬‭first‬‭acts‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Cold‬‭War‬‭was‬‭the‬‭building‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Berlin‬‭Wall‬‭.‬‭Germany‬‭was‬ ‭divided‬‭into‬‭two‬‭sectors:‬‭East‬‭and‬‭West‬‭Germany.‬ ‭-‬ ‭West‬‭Germany‬‭is‬‭divided‬‭into‬‭parts‬‭for‬‭the‬‭US,‬‭England,‬‭and‬‭France‬‭.‬‭East‬‭Germany‬‭is‬ ‭owned‬‭by‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭,‬‭but‬‭Berlin‬‭is‬‭divided‬‭into‬‭Western‬‭Germany‬‭and‬‭Eastern‬ ‭Germany‬‭ownership.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Many‬‭Containment‬‭Policies‬‭were‬‭made‬‭to‬‭stop‬‭the‬‭spread‬‭of‬‭Communism‬‭.‬‭These‬ ‭were‬‭the‬‭Truman‬‭Doctrine‬‭and‬‭the‬‭Marshall‬‭Plan.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Korean‬‭War‬‭(USA),‬‭Vietnam‬‭War‬‭(USA),‬‭Afghanistan‬‭Conflict‬‭(USSR),‬‭and‬‭Cuban‬ ‭Missile‬‭Crisis.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Cuban‬‭Missile‬‭Crisis‬‭happened‬‭under‬‭JFK‬‭.‬‭He‬‭takes‬‭over‬‭America‬‭at‬‭the‬‭same‬ ‭time‬‭that‬‭Fidel‬‭Castro‬‭takes‬‭over‬‭Cuba,‬‭which‬‭he‬‭flips‬‭to‬‭Communism.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭US‬‭was‬‭worried‬‭because‬‭Communism‬‭was‬‭at‬‭their‬‭doorstep.‬‭America‬‭makes‬‭a‬‭plan‬ ‭to‬‭try‬‭to‬‭kill‬‭Castro.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Fidel‬‭takes‬‭many‬‭undesirable‬‭people‬‭and‬‭sends‬‭them‬‭to‬‭the‬‭US,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭US‬‭takes‬‭the‬ ‭undesirable‬‭people‬‭and‬‭trains‬‭them.‬‭They‬‭send‬‭them‬‭back‬‭to‬‭Cuba‬‭but‬‭they‬‭get‬‭killed.‬ ‭(‬‭Bay‬‭of‬‭Pigs‬‭Invasion)‬ ‭-‬ ‭ astro‬‭asked‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭for‬‭protection,‬‭and‬‭they‬‭start‬‭to‬‭put‬‭Nuclear‬‭bombs‬‭in‬ C ‭Cuba.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Nikita‬‭Khrushchev‬‭feared‬‭that‬‭American‬‭aggression‬‭against‬‭Cuba‬‭would‬‭lead‬‭to‬‭the‬‭fall‬ ‭of‬‭the‬‭new‬‭Communist‬‭ally.‬‭Nikita‬‭was‬‭responsible‬‭for‬‭putting‬‭the‬‭nuclear-tipped‬‭bombs‬ ‭into‬‭Cuba.‬ ‭-‬ ‭American‬‭spy‬‭planes‬‭were‬‭flown‬‭over‬‭Cuba,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭US‬‭saw‬‭these‬‭nuclear‬‭bombs.‬‭The‬ ‭bombs‬‭were‬‭a‬‭great‬‭act‬‭of‬‭aggression.‬ ‭-‬ ‭JFK‬‭thought‬‭that‬‭being‬‭aggressive‬‭towards‬‭Cuba‬‭would‬‭start‬‭WWIII,‬‭so‬‭JFK‬‭puts‬‭and‬ ‭embargo‬‭on‬‭them.‬ ‭-‬ ‭JFK‬‭also‬‭does‬‭not‬‭allow‬‭any‬‭Soviet‬‭submarines‬‭into‬‭this‬‭area.‬‭JFK‬‭and‬‭Khrushchev‬ ‭needed‬‭to‬‭agree‬‭to‬‭remove‬‭all‬‭missiles‬‭from‬‭Cuba,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭US‬‭promised‬‭to‬‭remove‬‭all‬ ‭missiles‬‭from‬‭Turkey.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭first‬‭proxy‬‭war‬‭(helps‬‭in‬‭a‬‭war,‬‭but‬‭does‬‭not‬‭fight‬‭in‬‭it)‬‭starts‬‭in‬‭Korea.‬‭The‬ ‭Northern‬‭part‬‭of‬‭Korea‬‭turns‬‭communist,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭Southern‬‭part‬‭is‬‭democratic.‬‭North‬‭and‬ ‭South‬‭Korea‬‭are‬‭divided‬‭by‬‭the‬‭38th‬‭Parallel‬‭.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭Douglas‬‭MacArthur‬‭took‬‭part‬‭in‬‭this‬‭war‬‭with‬‭other‬‭European‬‭countries.‬ ‭-‬ ‭North‬‭Korea‬‭is‬‭the‬‭largest‬‭enslaved‬‭place‬‭in‬‭the‬‭world.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Ho‬‭Chi‬‭Minh‬‭was‬‭the‬‭leader‬‭of‬‭Vietnam‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Vietnam‬‭War‬‭.‬‭The‬‭French‬‭occupy‬ ‭Vietnam,‬‭but‬‭they‬‭are‬‭very‬‭weak‬‭at‬‭this‬‭time,‬‭so‬‭they‬‭have‬‭to‬‭give‬‭it‬‭up.‬‭Ho‬‭Chi‬‭was‬‭a‬ ‭nationalist‬‭who‬‭was‬‭supported‬‭by‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭and‬‭China.‬‭Communism‬‭takes‬ ‭vietnam.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭America‬‭then‬‭starts‬‭to‬‭send‬‭troops‬‭to‬‭Vietnam‬‭after‬‭the‬‭French‬‭are‬‭defeated.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭17th‬‭Parallel‬‭was‬‭the‬‭divide‬‭of‬‭North‬‭and‬‭South‬‭Vietnam‬‭.‬‭The‬‭US‬‭tries‬‭to‬‭put‬‭in‬ ‭their‬‭own‬‭leader‬‭in‬‭South‬‭Vietnam,‬‭but‬‭no‬‭one‬‭wants‬‭him.‬ ‭-‬ ‭By‬‭1963,‬‭thousands‬‭of‬‭US‬‭soldiers‬‭were‬‭in‬‭Vietnam.‬‭North‬‭Vietnam‬‭was‬‭said‬‭to‬‭have‬ ‭fired‬‭upon‬‭American‬‭ships‬‭off‬‭the‬‭coast‬‭of‬‭Vietnam.‬‭This‬‭was‬‭never‬‭confirmed‬‭to‬‭have‬ ‭happened.‬ ‭-‬ ‭This‬‭was‬‭one‬‭war‬‭that‬‭we‬‭lost.‬‭The‬‭American‬‭troops‬‭were‬‭extremely‬‭unprepared‬‭for‬‭this,‬ ‭and‬‭the‬‭terrain‬‭was‬‭unfamiliar‬‭for‬‭the‬‭few‬‭American‬‭troops.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Conflict‬‭in‬‭Afghanistan‬‭was‬‭one‬‭major‬‭reason‬‭that‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭lost‬‭the‬‭Cold‬ ‭War.‬‭The‬‭USSR‬‭tried‬‭to‬‭take‬‭over‬‭all‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Stans‬‭.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Marxist‬‭leaders‬‭wanted‬‭to‬‭implement‬‭radical‬‭land‬‭reforms‬‭and‬‭liberate‬‭women,‬‭but‬ ‭this‬‭upset‬‭the‬‭conservative‬‭Afghan‬‭leaders.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭decided‬‭to‬‭invade‬‭Afghanistan,‬‭which‬‭they‬‭thought‬‭would‬‭take‬‭a‬‭short‬ ‭time,‬‭but‬‭this‬‭ended‬‭up‬‭lasting‬‭for‬‭more‬‭than‬‭a‬‭decade.‬‭The‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭was‬‭weak‬‭at‬ ‭this‬‭time,‬‭but‬‭we‬‭did‬‭not‬‭know‬‭it.‬ -‭ ‬ ‭Osama‬‭Bin‬‭Laden‬‭was‬‭in‬‭Afghanistan‬‭at‬‭this‬‭time,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭US-funded‬‭him.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭US‬‭sent‬‭aid‬‭to‬‭Afghanistan‬‭to‬‭help‬‭them‬‭oust‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭in‬‭Operation‬ ‭Cyclone‬‭,‬‭where‬‭all‬‭Soviet‬‭and‬‭American‬‭weapons‬‭were‬‭left.‬ ‭-‬ ‭This‬‭was‬‭a‬‭huge‬‭black‬‭eye‬‭for‬‭the‬‭USSR.‬  ‭-‬ ‭ idel‬‭Castro‬‭was‬‭a‬‭revolutionary‬‭nationalist‬‭who‬‭liked‬‭Marxist‬‭ideas,‬‭which‬‭led‬‭him‬‭to‬ F ‭implement‬‭a‬‭communist‬‭regime‬‭in‬‭Cuba‬‭in‬‭1960.‬ ‭-‬ ‭This‬‭pleased‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭because‬‭it‬‭was‬‭the‬‭first‬‭time‬‭a‬‭country‬‭converted‬‭to‬ ‭communism‬‭without‬‭the‬‭Red‬‭Army.‬ ‭Cold‬‭War‬‭(con’t)‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Cold‬‭War‬‭was‬‭one‬‭big‬‭arms‬‭race‬‭that‬‭negatively‬‭affected‬‭world‬‭peace.‬ ‭-‬ ‭After‬‭the‬‭nuclear‬‭bombs,‬‭countries‬‭with‬‭nuclear‬‭power‬‭started‬‭making‬‭Intercontinental‬ ‭Nuclear‬‭Missiles‬‭.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Not‬‭only‬‭was‬‭the‬‭Cold‬‭War‬‭a‬‭nuclear‬‭arms‬‭race,‬‭but‬‭it‬‭was‬‭also‬‭a‬‭space‬‭race‬‭.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭was‬‭ahead‬‭in‬‭this‬‭race‬‭when‬‭they‬‭sent‬‭the‬‭first‬‭satellite‬‭into‬‭space,‬‭and‬ ‭then‬‭they‬‭sent‬‭a‬‭dog.‬‭Yuri‬‭Gagarin‬‭was‬‭the‬‭first‬‭man‬‭in‬‭space.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭US‬‭decided‬‭they‬‭should‬‭compete,‬‭so‬‭JFK‬‭promised‬‭to‬‭get‬‭a‬‭man‬‭on‬‭the‬‭moon.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Neil‬‭Armstrong‬‭and‬‭Buzz‬‭Aldrin‬‭were‬‭the‬‭first‬‭men‬‭on‬‭the‬‭moon.‬ ‭-‬ ‭These‬‭also‬‭became‬‭cultural‬‭wars‬‭.‬‭Rocky‬‭IV‬‭was‬‭a‬‭great‬‭example‬‭of‬‭this.‬‭It‬‭was‬‭a‬‭type‬ ‭of‬‭propaganda‬‭to‬‭help‬‭American‬‭support.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Ronald‬‭Reagan‬‭was‬‭good‬‭at‬‭making‬‭fun‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union.‬‭He‬‭made‬‭them‬‭look‬‭like‬ ‭fools‬‭by‬‭toying‬‭with‬‭them‬‭in‬‭slight‬‭ways.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭Military‬‭Industrial‬‭Complex‬‭develops‬‭during‬‭the‬‭Cold‬‭War.‬‭The‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬ ‭believes‬‭that‬‭everything‬‭revolves‬‭around‬‭the‬‭military.‬‭The‬‭US‬‭believes‬‭in‬‭private‬‭weapon‬ ‭industries.‬ ‭-‬ ‭We‬‭see‬‭a‬‭constant‬‭flow‬‭of‬‭wars‬‭because‬‭wars‬‭make‬‭people‬‭profitable.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Towards‬‭the‬‭end‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Cold‬‭War,‬‭the‬‭Iron‬‭Curtain‬‭countries‬‭started‬‭to‬‭rebel‬‭because‬‭of‬ ‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union’s‬‭way‬‭of‬‭making‬‭“friends”.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Ping-Pong‬‭Diplomacy‬‭was‬‭a‬‭political‬‭circumstance‬‭where‬‭America‬‭made‬‭friends‬‭with‬ ‭China‬‭through‬‭Ping-Pong.‬‭China‬‭and‬‭the‬‭US‬‭rely‬‭on‬‭each‬‭other,‬‭so‬‭we‬‭bounce‬‭our‬ ‭goods‬‭off‬‭each‬‭other.‬ ‭-‬ ‭This‬‭causes‬‭China‬‭and‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭to‬‭break‬‭away‬‭from‬‭each‬‭other,‬‭and‬‭China‬ ‭started‬‭to‬‭align‬‭more‬‭with‬‭the‬‭US.‬ ‭-‬ ‭By‬‭the‬‭1960s,‬‭the‬‭USSR‬‭and‬‭China‬‭were‬‭at‬‭the‬‭brink‬‭of‬‭War,‬‭but‬‭the‬‭US‬‭eased‬‭their‬ ‭tensions‬‭.‬ ‭China‬‭Man‬‭Communist‬‭Revolution‬ ‭-‬ ‭In‬‭1911,‬‭the‬‭Qing‬‭Dynasty‬‭ended,‬‭and‬‭then‬‭the‬‭Republic‬‭of‬‭China‬‭was‬‭created‬‭in‬‭1912.‬ ‭Sun-Yat‬‭sen‬‭ruled‬‭the‬‭Republic‬‭of‬‭China‬‭until‬‭1949.‬ ‭-‬ ‭They‬‭go‬‭back‬‭to‬‭their‬‭original‬‭structure,‬‭which‬‭was‬‭regional‬‭warlords.‬‭This‬‭created‬‭a‬ ‭fragmented‬‭government.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Chiang‬‭Kai-shek‬‭was‬‭a‬‭military‬‭general‬‭who‬‭took‬‭over‬‭after‬‭Sun-Yat‬‭Sen.‬‭He‬‭promoted‬ ‭modernization,‬‭but‬‭China‬‭wanted‬‭to‬‭reject‬‭Westernism.‬‭The‬‭farmers‬‭believed‬‭that‬‭the‬ ‭urban‬‭people‬‭had‬‭different‬‭needs‬‭than‬‭them.‬  ‭-‬ ‭ ao‬‭Zedong‬‭is‬‭the‬‭founder‬‭of‬‭the‬‭communist‬‭party.‬‭He‬‭is‬‭persuasive‬‭and‬‭charismatic.‬ M ‭This‬‭leads‬‭China‬‭into‬‭a‬‭civil‬‭divide‬‭between‬‭the‬‭CCP‬‭and‬‭the‬‭nationalist‬‭party.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Though‬‭the‬‭CCP‬‭is‬‭an‬‭underdog,‬‭they‬‭eventually‬‭win‬‭over‬‭Chiang‬‭Kai-Shek.‬‭Mao‬‭makes‬ ‭the‬‭decision‬‭to‬‭march‬‭from‬‭Southern‬‭China‬‭to‬‭Northern‬‭China‬‭in‬‭what‬‭is‬‭known‬‭as‬‭the‬ ‭“Great‬‭March.”‬‭The‬‭communists‬‭share‬‭their‬‭political‬‭ideas‬‭with‬‭towns‬‭and‬‭rural‬‭areas.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭nationalists,‬‭following‬‭Mao,‬‭mistreated‬‭the‬‭people,‬‭leading‬‭more‬‭and‬‭more‬‭rural‬ ‭areas‬‭to‬‭align‬‭themselves‬‭with‬‭Mao’s‬‭communist‬‭principles.‬ ‭-‬ ‭The‬‭communists,‬‭in‬‭contrast‬‭to‬‭the‬‭nationalists,‬‭fought‬‭back‬‭against‬‭the‬‭imperialist‬ ‭Japanese‬‭army,‬‭further‬‭convincing‬‭citizens‬‭to‬‭join‬‭in.‬ ‭-‬ ‭After‬‭getting‬‭rid‬‭of‬‭powerful‬‭war‬‭lords,‬‭Mao‬‭redistributed‬‭land‬‭to‬ ‭Essay:‬‭Compare‬‭the‬‭economic‬‭and‬‭social‬‭policies‬‭of‬‭Lenin,‬‭Stalin,‬‭Mao‬‭(china‬‭man),‬‭and‬ ‭Deng‬‭Xiaoping.‬‭(2‬‭of‬‭the‬‭following‬‭leaders)‬ ‭ uestion:‬‭Why‬‭does‬‭the‬‭US‬‭win‬‭the‬‭Cold‬‭War‬‭and‬‭why‬‭does‬‭the‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭lose?‬ Q ‭America‬‭is‬‭better‬‭at‬‭helping‬‭the‬‭people,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭people‬‭are‬‭put‬‭first‬‭with‬‭their‬‭goods‬‭and‬‭needs.‬ ‭The‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭lost‬‭because‬‭of‬‭its‬‭major‬‭setback‬‭in‬‭Afghanistan.‬‭The‬‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭is‬‭not‬ ‭motivated‬‭to‬‭produce‬‭for‬‭their‬‭people.‬‭This‬‭shows‬‭that‬‭the‬‭commune‬‭system‬‭does‬‭not‬‭work.‬‭The‬ ‭Soviet‬‭Union‬‭also‬‭made‬‭“friends”‬‭by‬‭threatening‬‭the‬‭countries‬‭around‬‭them‬‭to‬‭gain‬‭more‬ ‭territory.‬‭This‬‭backfires‬‭on‬‭them‬‭because‬‭Poland‬‭rebels‬‭and‬‭causes‬‭heavy‬‭damage.‬‭On‬‭the‬ ‭other‬‭hand,‬‭America‬‭buys‬‭its‬‭friends‬‭with‬‭policies‬‭like‬‭the‬‭Marshall‬‭Plan‬‭and‬‭Truman‬‭Doctrine.‬