University of Santo Tomas Tourism Impacts PDF
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University of Santo Tomas
Amy Mia M. Rosales
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This document provides an overview of the impacts of tourism, both positive and negative, in various domains. It explores the economic, environmental, and socio-cultural consequences of tourism. The document also discusses strategies to mitigate these negative implications.
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College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Unit 5: Tourism Impacts Assoc. Prof. Amy Mia M. Rosales, LPT, MEd Academic Staff, Tourism Management Department College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tou...
College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Unit 5: Tourism Impacts Assoc. Prof. Amy Mia M. Rosales, LPT, MEd Academic Staff, Tourism Management Department College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts 3 Domains ▪ Economic ▪ Environmental ▪ Socio-cultural Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Economic - Positive ▪ Foreign exchange earnings ▪ Contribution to government revenues ▪ Contribution to local economies ▪ Employment generation ▪ *Economic multiplier effect Source: www.tourismteacher.com Source: WTTC Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Economic - Negative ▪ Leakage ▪ Foreign ownership and management ▪ Infrastructure cost ▪ Increase in prices ▪ Economic dependence Source: www.tourismteacher.com Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Economic https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Positive-and-Negative-Impacts-of-Tourism-Development-Kreag-2001_tbl1_321012857 Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts How to mitigate these negative economic impacts? ▪ Employ local people ▪ Limit the number of all-inclusive hotels ▪ Encourage purchase of local products and services ▪ Tourism diversification Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Environmental - Positive ▪ Environmental awareness ▪ Protection and preservation of natural resources and wildlife Other benefits ▪ Creation of natural parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty ▪ Reduced numbers of animal poaching ▪ Improved water quality ▪ Increased funding for nature conservation and protection Source: www.tourismteacher.com, https://www.futurelearn.com/info/blog/what-is-sustainable-tourism Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Environmental - Negative Development of the area ▪ Depletion of natural resources (e.g. damage of wild habitats due to new infrastructure, beautiful scenery ruined by hotels and car parks; deforestation) ▪ Weakened resilience to natural disasters ▪ Overuse of water due to influx of people Source: https://www.futurelearn.com/info/blog/what-is-sustainable-tourism Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Environmental - Negative Behaviour of tourists ▪ Pollution (e.g. air pollution due to traffic congestion, plastic pollution in the ocean affecting sealife, waste disposal problems) ▪ Depletion of nature (e.g. overcrowding, littering) ▪ Wildlife relocating due to increased noise levels ▪ Higher/Over-consumption (e.g. energy, water or other resources which are already scarce) Source: https://www.futurelearn.com/info/blog/what-is-sustainable-tourism Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Environmental https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Positive-and-Negative-Impacts-of-Tourism-Development-Kreag-2001_tbl1_321012857 Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts How to mitigate these negative environmental impacts? ▪ Become “responsible” travelers ▪ Be involved in environmental awareness campaigns, protection and preservation activities ▪ Follow regulatory policies and measures ▪ Improve environmental management and planning (apply/implement sustainable changes or practices, put in place sustainable infrastructure) Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Socio-cultural - Positive ▪ Preservation of local culture and heritage ▪ Revitalization/revival of traditional arts and crafts ▪ Provision for social services ▪ Strengthening and empowering communities Other benefits ▪ Improved infrastructure including buildings and transport systems ▪ Higher rates of employment due to the tourism industry ▪ Increased number of events and celebrations Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Socio-cultural - Negative ▪ Staged authenticity: This refers to when events or cultures are manufactured just to bring in tourism and money, even when they don’t reflect the local culture of destination communities Source: https://www.futurelearn.com/info/blog/what-is-sustainable-tourism Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Socio-cultural - Negative ▪ Standardization: Often tourists seek familiarity even when they are visiting a foreign country, and this can lead to a loss of cultural diversity. Source: https://www.futurelearn.com/info/blog/what-is-sustainable-tourism Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Socio-cultural - Negative ▪ Commodification: transforming something into a product for commercial purposes, an item to be bought and sold in the market ▪ In some ways, this is similar to staged authenticity, because it happens when tourism destroys the true meaning of cultural performances, events and customs. Instead, they are transformed to suit the time frames and wishes of tourists. Source: https://www.futurelearn.com/info/blog/what-is-sustainable-tourism Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Socio-cultural - Negative Others ▪ Change or loss of indigenous identity and values; ▪ Culture clashes; changes in family structure; conflict within the community for the tourism dollar; and ethical issues, including an increase in sex tourism, crime, gambling, and/or the exploitation of child workers Source: https://www.futurelearn.com/info/blog/what-is-sustainable-tourism Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Socio-cultural https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Positive-and-Negative-Impacts-of-Tourism-Development-Kreag-2001_tbl1_321012857 Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts How to mitigate these negative socio-economic impacts? ▪ Create balance between real and staged experiences ▪ Manage tourism flow (carrying capacity) ▪ Build local capacity to conserve tangible and intangible cultural assets (engage the locals in tourism development planning) Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Consider the following when engaging to any tourism activity: ▪ Destination and length of trip ▪ Mode of transport https://ourworldindata.org/travel-carbon-footprint https://www.iynf.org/2016/03/can-tourism-help-the-environment/ Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Consider the following when engaging to any tourism activity: ▪ Accommodation/lodging vs Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Consider the following when engaging to any tourism activity: ▪ Activities Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Consider the following when engaging to any tourism activity: ▪ Interaction with local people and culture Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts Consider the following when engaging to any tourism activity: ▪ Souvenirs Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Role of Tourism to Sustainable Development How does it relate and contribute to Sustainable Development? ▪ The role of tourism in sustainable development can be examined through an understanding of the economic, environmental, and socio-cultural impacts of tourism. ▪ Tourism development has been viewed as an important sector for investment to enhance economic growth, poverty alleviation, and food security, and the sector provides an alternative opportunity to large-scale development projects. Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Role of Tourism to Sustainable Development How does it relate and contribute to Sustainable Development? ▪ It is demonstrated to have provided support for biodiversity conservation initiatives and livelihood development strategies. ▪ It provided opportunities for poor households to enhance their livelihood through the sale of goods and services to foreign tourists. ▪ To address the negative impacts of tourism, research would say that we have a lot to gain from alternative forms of tourism, including sustainable forms (e.g. ecotourism, rural tourism, community-based tourism, green tourism, etc.) Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Role of Tourism to Sustainable Development How does it link to SDGs? ▪ SDGs help demonstrate ways in which tourism (particularly sustainable tourism) can provide a solution to some of the global challenges ▪ Contributes to all 17 SDGs Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Role of Tourism to Sustainable Development How does it link to SDG? ▪ UNWTO Highlights Tourism’s Contributions to SDGs 8, 12, 14 https://sdg.iisd.org/news/unwto-highlights-tourisms-contributions-to-sdgs-8-12-14/ https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419685 ▪ Over 300 representatives from 50 countries, including 17 Ministers and secretaries of tourism, attended the Executive Council meeting, which convened in Málaga, Spain, from 10-11 May 2016. ▪ 11 May 2016: Participants at the 103rd session of the UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) addressed the relationship between tourism and sustainability, new technologies, security, and travel facilitation Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Role of Tourism to Sustainable Development How does it link to SDG? ▪ Included as target in Goals 8, 12 and 14 ▪ “By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products”. Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Role of Tourism to Sustainable Development How does it link to SDG? ▪ Included as target in Goals 8, 12 and 14 ▪ “Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism which creates jobs, promotes local culture and products”. Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Role of Tourism to Sustainable Development How does it link to SDG? ▪ Included as target in Goals 8, 12 and 14 ▪ “By 2030 increase the economic benefits to SIDS and LDCs from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism”. Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Tourism Impacts References ▪ www.tourismteacher.com ▪ https://chemonics.com/blog/finding-balance-cultural-preservation-tourism/ ▪ https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/the-impacts-of-tourism/0/steps/90679 ▪ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277411573_POSITIVE_VS_NEGATIVE_ECONOMIC_IMPACTS_OF_TOURISM_ DEVELOPMENT_A_REVIEW_OF_ECONOMIC_IMPACT_STUDIES ▪ https://www.unwto.org/tourism-in-2030- agenda#:~:text=GOAL%2015%3A%20LIFE%20ON%20LAND&text=Sustainable%20tourism%20can%20play%20a,and %20its%20awareness%2Draising%20activities. ▪ https://www.seagoinggreen.org/blog/the-environmental-problem-with-tourism-and-how-to-fix-it Unit 5: Tourism Impacts College of Tourism and Hospitality Management Thank you, Class !