Diploma in Healthcare PDF

Diploma in Healthcare Drugs that affect the skin and mucous membrane Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. UNIT 5 DRUGS USED TO TREAT SKIN DISORDERS Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the...

Diploma in Healthcare Drugs that affect the skin and mucous membrane Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. UNIT 5 DRUGS USED TO TREAT SKIN DISORDERS Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Topic/ Chapter Learning Outcome Understand the structure and function of human skin. Describe types of topical anti-infective. Define topical antiseptic and germicides. Describe about topical anti-psoriatics Define topical enzymes and their use. Describe about local anesthetics. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. SKIN Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Structure of Skin Skin forms barrier between the external (outside) and internal (inside) environment. Epidermis is the outermost layer. Dermis is below epidermis, contains small capillaries (supply nutrients). Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Function of skin Protection Our skin is a shield that protects us from: Injury and damage Heat or cold Chemicals, UV-radiation Microorganisms Regulation The skin regulates our body temperature. Sensory Senses of smell, taste, sight, hearing and touch Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Topical Anti-Infective Used to treat localized skin infections. Types of topical anti-infective are: 1. Topical Antibiotic MOA: Direct local effect on specific microorganism {may be bactericidal (kill bacteria) or bacteriostatic (inhibit growth of bacteria)}. Examples: Bacitracin, gentamicin and erythromycin. Uses: To prevent superficial bacterial infections. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. 2. Topical Antifungal MOA: Exert local effect by inhibiting growth of the fungi. Examples: Amphotericin B and Miconazole Uses: To treat superficial fungal infections and eczema. 3. Topical Antiviral MOA: Inhibit viral replication Examples: Acyclovir and penciclovir Uses: To treat superficial viral infection Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Adverse Reaction of Topical anti-infective Skin rash Itching Dermatitis Irritation Redness Hypersensitivity Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Topical Antiseptic and Germicides Antiseptic: Drug that stops, slows or prevent growth of microorganisms. Germicides: Drug that kills microorganisms. MOA: Not well understood but it affect a variety of microorganisms. Uses: To reduce number of microbes on skin surface. Used as surgical scrub and skin cleanser. Adverse Reactions: Allergic, skin rash and itching. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Topical Antipsoriatics Psoriasis: Chronic skin disease with bright red patches covered by silver scales. MOA: Antipsoriatics drugs helps to remove the plaques. Uses: To treat psoriasis Adverse Reactions: Burning sensation, itching and skin irritation. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Topical Enzymes MOA: Helps in removal of dead soft tissues form the wound. Uses: Topical enzymes helps in wound healing. Adverse Reaction: Mild and transient pain Numbness Dermatitis Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Topical Local Anesthetics Applied on skin or mucous membrane. MOA: Temporarily inhibit the conduction of nerve impulses from sensory nerve fibers. Uses: To relieve itching and pain of minor burns, fungus infection and insect bites. Adverse Reactions: Local irritation Dermatitis Rash and burning sensation Stinging and tenderness. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Reference Holland, LM and Adams MP. 2007. Core Concepts in Pharmacology. 2nd edition.Pearson. Hitner H and Nagle B. 2002. Basic Pharmacology. 4th edition. McGraw-Hill. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Next Topic Drugs that affect the circulatory system Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Thank you Address Lot 33-40, Blok C, Plaza Juta, KM 7.2 Off Jalan Tuaran, 88400 Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Telephone +6088 431 025/35 Website kk.cyberjaya.edu.my Email [email protected] Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.