Phytotherapy to Skin Disorders Lecture 1 PDF

Phytotherapy to Skin disorders Lecture 1 Presented by Dr. Mai Emad Eldin Common Skin disorders I. Inflammatory skin disorders II. Infectious skin diseases III. Skin depigmentation disorder (Vitiligo) IV. Woun ds I. Inflammatory skin...

Phytotherapy to Skin disorders Lecture 1 Presented by Dr. Mai Emad Eldin Common Skin disorders I. Inflammatory skin disorders II. Infectious skin diseases III. Skin depigmentation disorder (Vitiligo) IV. Woun ds I. Inflammatory skin disorders  I. Inflammatory skin disorders A. Eczema (Atopic dermatitis) Definition  Chronic Inflammatory skin condition may affect face, hands, arms and legs.  It's can occur at any age but, it’s common in Causes young children.  Genetics  Foods: dairy  Irritants: soaps, products, eggs, detergents, shampoos nuts, soy products,  Allergens: house dust wheat mites, pets (cats,  Stress dogs), pollens  Colonization by Symptoms: (seasonal) pathogenic  Skin dryness  Exudations staphylococcus and  Intense itching swelling aureus of the affected areas  I. Inflammatory skin disorders B. Psoriasis Definition  Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease  It commonly affects elbows, knees, trunk and scalp Symptoms:  Red or pink dry patches  The plaque is scaly or flaky and sheds easily (white or silver scale)  Traditional Herbs used in Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Disorders I. Inflammatory skin disorders treatment Chamo Major mile Major constituents constituents  Volatile oil (α-bisabolol and its oxides, matricin, which is converted to chamazulene by distillation)  Flavonoids (mainly apigenin) Mechanistic Mechanistic Action Action o Bisabolol & flavonoids inhibit COX and 5-LOX o Chamazulene inhibits only 5-LOX o V.O exerts bactericidal and Use fungicidal activity sSkin cracks, bruises, frostbite, and insect bites  In clinical study, the anti-inflammatory activity of ointment containing Matricaria flower extract was comparable to that of 0.25% hydrocortisone. I. Inflammatory skin disorders treatmentCalendula (Marigold Major constituents flower) Major constituents Flavonoids (isorhamnetin)  Triterpenes alcohols & esters (amyrin & faradiol ester) Mechanistic Triterpene saponins Mechanistic Action (oleanolic acid glycosides) oAction Anti-inflammatory  Flavonoids (isorhamnetin) Inhibit LOX  Triterpene fraction (Faradiol esters) reduce edema oUse Anti microbial (V.O) sMinor inflammations and acute dermatitis.  In clinical study, the cream preparation containing seven types of Marigold and Rosemary extracts was highly effective in treatment of acute I. Inflammatory skin disorders treatmentHamamel is (witch Major Major constituents hazel) constituents Tannins (Hamamelitannin)  Proanthocyanidins  Gallic acid Mechanistic Action Mechanistic oAction Anti-inflammatory  Hamamelitannin and proanthocyanidins are potent inhibitors of LOX o Humidifier  High concentrations of tannin precipitate proteins to form thin layer which decrease water loss from skin. Use s Local Skin inflammations I. Inflammatory skin disorders treatment Evening prime rose oil Major constituents  Fixed Oil obtained from seeds contains: linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid Mechanistic oAction Anti-inflammatory  γ-Linolenic is metabolized to di-homogamma linolenic acid that fights inflammation (undergoes oxidative metabolism by COX and LOX to produce anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins of series 1 and leukotrienes of Use series 3). s  Internally for symptomatic relief of atopic eczema  I. Inflammatory skin disorders treatmentHypericum (St. John's Major wort) constituents Naphthodianthrones (Hypericin)  Phloroglucinol (Hyperforin)  Flavonoids (amentoflavone and hyperoside) Mechanistic Action o Anti-inflammatory  Hypericin inhibits the release of arachidonic acid and leukotrienes Use s Externally for minor cuts, burns and skin ulcers I. Inflammatory skin disorders treatment Aloe vera Major gel constituents  Mucilage (acemannan & mannose 6- phosphate)  Sterols (β-sitosterol) & Lupeol  Enzymes (bradykinase) Mechanistic oAction Anti-inflammatory, Fresh Aloe Gel reduced inflammation:  Mucilage, Sterols and lupeol inhibit COX and reduce prostaglandinE2 production from arachidonic acid.  Bradykinase activity. oUse Humidifier  Gel hydrates and protect the skin. s  Externally Aloe Vera Gel is widely used cosmetically for Inflammatory skin conditions  II. Infectious skin diseases Viral Bacterial Fungal (Acne) (Tinea pedis) (Herpes  Acne is a skin  It is a fungal simplex) condition that skin infection Herpes occurs when hair that usually labials follicles become begins between (cold sores) plugged with the toes. It sebum. This commonly allow bacterial occurs in growth and people whose cause feet become inflammation. very sweaty. Herpes  Acne is most  Inflamed skin zoster common among that might (shingles) teenagers. appear reddish,  It commonly purplish affects your  Itchy, scaly cheeks, upper rash chest , shoulders  Traditional Herbs used in Treatment of Infectious skin diseases  II. Infectious skin diseases treatmentTea tree oil Melaleuca Major constituents oil constituents  Volatile oil Terpene hydrocarbons monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, Terpinene-4-ol Mechanistic oAction Antimicrobial activity  Monoterpenes interact with cellular membranes of microorganism, alter cell permeability, inhibit cellular respiration. Use s  External application of the V.O at concentrations of 5-100%, depending on the disorder being treated 5% for acne  II. Infectious skin diseases treatmentMelissa (lemon balm) Major constituents  Polyphenols: hydroxycinnamic acids (rosmarinic)  Volatile oil Mechanistic Action o Anti-viral  Melissa inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus Use s  Externally, for symptomatic treatment of herpes  II. Infectious skin diseases treatmentHypericum (St. John's Major wort) constituents  Naphthodianthrones (Hypericin) Mechanistic Action o Anti-viral  Hypericin inactivates both viral fusion and syncytia formation Use s  Topically for viral infections  III. Skin depigmentation disorder (Vitiligo)  Vitiligo is the depigmenting disorder characterized by white patches in the skin.  The pathogenetic origin of vitiligo revolves around autoimmune destruction of Melanocytes  The main theories of the pathogenesis of vitiligo are: 1) Autoimmune theory 2) Oxidative stress theory 3) Neural theory (severe infections, neurological disorders) 4) Biochemical theory (cytotoxic chemicals, trauma, UV exposure) III. Skin depigmentation disorder (Vitiligo)  The most widely used therapy is local steroid and narrowband ultraviolet monotherapy  Natural products have been experimentally promote melanin production via 1)Scavenging free radicals (NOS) to alleviate the damage of melanocytes caused by oxidative stress Traditional Herbs used in Treatment of Vitiligo  III. Skin depigmentation disorder (Vitiligo) treatment Green Major Tea Major constituents  Flavonoids constituents  Flavonoids Liquiritin and Liquiritigenin Epicatechin,  Triterpene epicatechin-3- gallate, saponin epigallocatechin Glycyrrhizin Picrorhiza Turmeri kurroa c Kutki Major constituents Major  iridoid constituents glycoside  Diarylheptanoid Picroside I and Curcumin III. Skin depigmentation disorder (Vitiligo) treatment Nigella Berberis sativa vulgaris Major Major constituents constituents  Isoquinoline  Benzoquinone alkaloids Thymoquinone Berberine Psoralea corylifolia Coconut Oil (Cullen Major corylifolium) constituents Major constituents   Monolaurin is a Furocoumari derivative of lauric n acid, demonstrates III. Skin depigmentation disorder (Vitiligo) treatment Ammi visnaga Major constituents  Furanochromon e Khellin Treatment of vitiligo with topical khellin in combination with ultraviolet IV. Wounds Collagen fiber Traditional Herbs used in Treatment of Wounds Hyperic Chamo Calend um Aloe vera mile Witch ula gel hazel β- Aloe vera sitoster gel Digita ol lis Chamo Hyperic mile um  IV. Wounds β- sitoster ol Angiogenic factor (Enhance neovascularization)  IV. Wounds Aloe vera Major gel constituents Mechanistic Action Acemannan stimulates the activity of macrophages. Mannose-6-phosphate stimulates fibroblasts  IV. Wounds Chamo Major mile constituents Mechanistic Action Bisabolol produces wound drying and speeds  IV. Wounds Hypericum (St. John's Major wort) constituents Mechanistic Action o Hyperforin restores impaired epidermal organization via stimulating keratinocyte differentiation. o SJW extract accelerate healing by stimulating fibroblasts and  IV. Wound s Digital Major is constituents Cardiotonic steroids Ouabain and digoxin They induces greater amounts of collagen