Unit 4.3 Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity-2 PDF

PRAYER BEFORE CLASS Holy Spirit, Divine Creator, true source of light and fountain of wisdom! Pour forth your brilliance upon my dense intellect, dissipate the darkness which covers me, that of sin and of ignorance. Grant me a penetrating mind to understand, a retentive memory, method and ease of le...

PRAYER BEFORE CLASS Holy Spirit, Divine Creator, true source of light and fountain of wisdom! Pour forth your brilliance upon my dense intellect, dissipate the darkness which covers me, that of sin and of ignorance. Grant me a penetrating mind to understand, a retentive memory, method and ease of learning, the lucidity to comprehend, and abundant grace in expressing myself. Guide the beginning of my work, direct its progress and bring it to successful completion. This I ask through Jesus Christ, true God, and true man, living and reigning with You and the Father, forever and ever. Amen.  UST General Santos Medical Technology Department LABORATORY BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PRACTICE 1 Outline PART I PART II History of Laboratory Biosafety and Chain of Infection Biosecurity Classification of Microorganisms According Different Organizations in the Field of to Risk Groups Biosafety Categories of Laboratory Biosafety Basic Concepts on Laboratory Biosafety According to Levels and Biosecurity PART III Laboratory Hazards Laboratory Precautions Classification of Biosafety Cabinets Learning Outcome At the end of the unit, the student must be able to: Identify the various laboratory hazards and the strategies used to minimize or prevent these hazards.  UST General Santos LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY  UST General Santos Hazards - Potential source of harm or injury Risk - The probability that a hazard will cause harm or injury  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 TYPES OF LABORATORY HAZARDS 1. Biological Hazards 2. Chemical Hazards 3. Physical Hazards 4. Safety Hazards  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS - Occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens and infectious diseases - Sources - Blood - Body fluids - Culture specimens - Body tissue - Cadavers - Laboratory animals  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS - OSHA bloodborne pathogen standards - At risk of coming in contact with blood and other potentially infectious materials - Human body fluids - Any unfixed tissue or organ from human - HIV/HBV containing culture medium or experimental animals - Most common: Needlestick injuries  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Strategies to minimize hazards - Vaccination - Effective engineering and work practice controls - Biohazard warning sign - Wearing of appropriate PPE - Handwashing and eyewash facilities - Proper waste disposal  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 CHEMICAL HAZARDS - Carcinogens, toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers Strategies to minimize hazards - Material safety data sheet - Name of the chemical; - Reactivity data; - Manufacturer’s information; - Health hazard data; - Hazardous ingredients/identity - Precautions for safe handling information; and use; and - Physical/chemical characteristics; - Control measures. - Fire and explosion hazard data;  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 CHEMICAL HAZARDS - Carcinogens, toxins, irritants, coorsives, sensitizers Strategies to minimize hazards - Chemical hygiene plan - Guidelines for prudent practices and procedures for the used of chemicals - Must contain - Standard operating procedures - Criteria for exposure control measures - Adequacy and proper functioning of fume hoods and other protective equipment  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 CHEMICAL HAZARDS - Carcinogens, toxins, irritants, coorsives, sensitizers Strategies to minimize hazards - Chemical hygiene plan - Must contain - Information and training - Requirement of prior approval of laboratory procedures - Medical consultations and examinations - Chemical hygiene officer designation - Particularly hazardous substances  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 PHYSICAL HAZARDS - Physical condition in the workplace that can cause bodily injury - Common - Ergonomic - Ionizing radiation - Non-ionizing radiation - noises  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 PHYSICAL HAZARDS Ergonomic - Laboratory condition that can lead to musculoskeletal disorder - Due to repetitive motion, awkward postures or excessive forces Strategies to minimize hazards - Using ergonomic tools - Rotation of work - Keeping frequently used items within reach  UST General Santos Sources of RF and MW radiation include radio emit- ters and cell phones. Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 PHYSICAL HAZARDS Ionizing radiation - Sources - Diagnostic imaging: xray, MRI - Radioisotopes Strategies to minimize hazards - Limit entry of radionuclides into the human body - Limit exposure to external radiation - OSHA Ionizing Radiation Standard - Precautionary measures - Personnel monitoring for workers likely exposed  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 PHYSICAL HAZARDS Non-ionizing radiation - Series of energy waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields travelling at the speed of light - Sources - Heat lamps (infrared radiation), cell phones (radio frequencies radiation) Strategies to minimize hazards - Wear appropriate PPE - Monitoring of radiation levels and employee exposure  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 PHYSICAL HAZARDS Noises - Time-weighted average of >/= 85 dBA over an 8-hour work shift - Sources - Large analyzers, fume hoods, BSC, incubators, centrifuge Strategies to minimize hazards - Monitoring program - Wearing of hearing protectors  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 SAFETY HAZARDS Fire - Most common - Laboratory fire - All contains of infectious materials should be placed into autoclaves, incubators, refrigerators, or freezers for containment  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 SAFETY HAZARDS Fire  UST General Santos Laboratory Safety Guidance OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 SAFETY HAZARDS Electrical - Electric shock, electrocutions, fires and explosions - Causes - Faulty electrical equipment - Damaged connectors - Unsafe work practices  UST General Santos LABORATORY PRECAUTIONS LABORATORY BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY  UST General Santos Laboratory Precautions OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 - Provide all employees with a safe work environment - Enacted by the US congress in 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Federal agency responsible for enforcing OSHA Act of 1970 - Functions: sets standards, conducts inspections, provides education, training and assistance  UST General Santos OSHA Standards OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 The Occupation Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories Standard - Employer to designate a chemical hygiene officer and have written chemical hygiene plan The Hazard Communication Standard - Evaluate chemical hazards and communicate information concerning those hazard and appropriate protective measures to employees  UST General Santos OSHA Standards OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 The Bloodborne Pathogens Standard - Employer to designate a chemical hygiene officer and have written chemical hygiene plan The Eye and Face Protection Standard - Use of appropriate eye or face protection  UST General Santos OSHA Standards OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 The Respiratory Protection Standard - Respirator be provided to each worker when necessary The Hand Protection Standard - To select and ensure that workers use appropriate hand protection  UST General Santos OSHA Standards OSHA Laboratory Safety Guidance 2011 The Control of Hazardous Energy Standard - Basic requirements for locking out equipment while installation, maintenance, testing, repair or construction operations are in progress  UST General Santos Guidelines and Regulations to Prevent Exposure to Biohazards Centers for Disease Control and Prevention UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION - Treat all blood and blood contaminated samples as potentially infections - Main flaw - Does not treat other body fluids that are not visibly contaminated with blood as potentially infectious  UST General Santos Guidelines and Regulations to Prevent Exposure to Biohazards Centers for Disease Control and Prevention BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION - Consider all body fluids and moist body substances to be potentially infectious - Main flaw - Does not recommend hand washing following removal of gloves unless visibly soiled  UST General Santos Guidelines and Regulations to Prevent Exposure to Biohazards Centers for Disease Control and Prevention STANDARD PRECAUTIONS - Combination of universal precaution and body substance isolation - Commonly implemented - Essentials of standard precautions - Using personal protective equipment - Hand washing  UST General Santos Handwashing World Health Organization ESSENTIALS OF STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Handwashing - Duration of 40-60 seconds  UST General Santos OSHA Standards World Health Organization ESSENTIALS STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Wearing and Removing of PPE - DONNING - To put ON and use of PPE properly to achieve intended protection and minimize risk of exposure - DOFFING - Taking OFF the PPE to avoid self-contamination  UST General Santos OSHA Standards World Health Organization ESSENTIALS STANDARD PRECAUTIONS  UST General Santos OSHA Standards World Health Organization ESSENTIALS STANDARD PRECAUTIONS  UST General Santos OSHA Standards World Health Organization ESSENTIALS STANDARD PRECAUTIONS  UST General Santos OSHA Standards World Health Organization ESSENTIALS STANDARD PRECAUTIONS  UST General Santos OSHA Standards World Health Organization ESSENTIALS STANDARD PRECAUTIONS  UST General Santos Hierarchy of Controls Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hierarchy of Controls - Determines ways to implement controls that protect workers  UST General Santos Hierarchy of Controls Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  UST General Santos Hierarchy of Controls Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  UST General Santos Hierarchy of Controls Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  UST General Santos Hierarchy of Controls Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  UST General Santos Hierarchy of Controls Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  UST General Santos Hierarchy of Controls MNEMONICS: ESCAPE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  UST General Santos Enumerate the hierarchy of controls starting from least to most effective.  UST General Santos CLASSIFICATION OF BIOSAFETY CABINETS LABORATORY BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY Classification of Biosafety Cabinets WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual Third Edition Biosafety Cabinets HEPA Filter - Device that encloses a - High Efficiency Particulate Air workplace Filter - Protects workers from - Characterized by pores having infectious agents a diameter of 0.3 um - Traps 99.97% of particles with greater 0.3 um diameter Classification of Biosafety Cabinets WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual Third Edition 1. BIOSAFETY CABINET CLASS I - AKA open front BSC - For radionuclides and volatile toxic chemicals - Principle - Room air (unsterilized) is drawn in through the front opening of the BSC then passes through the HEPA filter, sterilizing the air to be exhausted - Protect worker and environment but does not protect sample from possible contamination Classification of Biosafety Cabinets WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual Third Edition 2. BIOSAFETY CABINET CLASS II - Infectious agents in risk groups 2 and 3 - Infectious agents in risk group 4 when positive pressure suits are used - Principle: - Air passes thru HEPA filter before flowing over the samples/materials within the BSC - Air to be exhausted passes thru HEPA filter first Classification of Biosafety Cabinets WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual Third Edition 3. BIOSAFETY CABINET CLASS II - Subclasses BSC CLASS II AIR AIR EXHAUSTED RECIRCULATED IIA 70% 30% IIB1 30% 70% IIB2 None 100%  UST General Santos What is the difference in the protection provided by Biosafety Cabinets Class I and Class II? Classification of Biosafety Cabinets WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual Third Edition 1. BIOSAFETY CABINET CLASS III - Highest level of protection - Risk group 4 agents - Principle - Supply air is HEPA filtered and exhaust air passes thru two HEPA filters - All penetrations are sealed “gas tight” - Connected to a double door autoclave  UST General Santos Medical Technology Department LABORATORY BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PRACTICE 1 References World Health Organization. Laboratory Biosafety Manual Third Edition. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241546506 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How to put on PPE, including gown. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/150115/WHO_HIS_SDS_2015.1_eng.pdf?se quence=1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How take off PPE, including gown. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/150117/WHO_HIS_SDS_2015.3_eng.pdf?se quence=1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hierarchy of Controls. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/learning/safetyculturehc/module-3/2.html Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Laboratory Safety Guidance (2011). https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA3404laboratory-safety-guida nce.pdf Dominican Blessing May God the Father bless us May God the Son heal us May God the Holy Spirit enlighten us Give us eyes to see with, ears to hear with, hands to do the work of God with, feet to walk with, and mouth to preach the word of salvation with; And may the angel of peace watch over us, and lead us at last by the Lord’s gift of the kingdom.