Unit 2: Concepts of Cultural Tourism PDF

CLASS MODULE ON TMPE 214 – Heritage Tourism LEARNING OUTCOME: At the end of the module, students should be able to do the following performance indicators: 1. Distinguish reasons of heritage tourism as new mode of cultural production; 2. Identify the types of cultural heritage; 3. Understand the...

CLASS MODULE ON TMPE 214 – Heritage Tourism LEARNING OUTCOME: At the end of the module, students should be able to do the following performance indicators: 1. Distinguish reasons of heritage tourism as new mode of cultural production; 2. Identify the types of cultural heritage; 3. Understand the heritage cycle; and 4. Identify examples in Cultural Heritage GLAZALLE MARIE C. MANZANADES, LPT AY 24-25  CLASS MODULE ON TMPE 214 – Heritage Tourism According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, cultural tourism is “movements of persons for essentially cultural motivations such as study tours, performing arts and cultural tours, travel to festivals and other cultural events, visits to sites and monuments, travel to study nature, folklore or art, and pilgrimages.” They defined also Cultural Tourism “A type of tourism activity in which the visitor’s essential motivation is to learn, discover, experience and consume the tangible and intangible cultural attractions/products in a tourism destination. These attractions/products relate to a set of distinctive material, intellectual, spiritual and emotional features of a society that encompasses arts and architecture, historical and cultural heritage, culinary heritage, literature, music, creative industries and the living cultures with their lifestyles, value systems, beliefs and traditions”. We expand this definition to encompass the participation of visitors in cultural activities whether those activities are the primary purpose of their travel or not. Travelers look for an “authentic experience” and your community has its own special attributes that set it apart from others. These features include your history, traditions, arts and culture. Cultural Tourism is effectively a synonym for heritage or ethnic tourism – a way for travellers to access the charm of local communities’ traditions, folklore, spaces, and values. It has become an important part of the tourism industry because of its great value in cultural, historic, and environmental dimensions. Aside from being an approach to inheriting and disseminating traditions, customs, and knowledge, it is widely regarded as an opportunity to revitalize the local economy and increase the employment rate. Cultural Heritage is the main attraction of cultural heritage tourism. There have been studies aimed at defining cultural heritage tourism such as identifying relationships with tourism, as well as out marking out the authenticity of cultural heritage tourism. HERITAGE AS A NEW MODE OF CULTURAL PRODUCTION Cultural Heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values. Cultural Heritage is often expressed as either Intangible or Tangible Cultural Heritage (ICOMOS, 2002). Cultural Heritage Types:  Built Environment (Buildings, Townscapes, Archaeological Remains)  Natural Environment (Rural landscapes, coasts and shorelines, agricultural heritage)  Artefacts (Books and documents, objects, pictures) Driving force behind all definitions of Cultural Heritage is:  It is a human creation intended to inform (John Feather, 2006) Tangible and Intangible Heritage Having at one time referred exclusively to the monumental remains of cultures, cultural heritage as a concept has gradually come to include categories. We find that heritage is not only manifested through tangible forms such as artefacts, buildings or landscapes but also through intangible forms. Intangible heritage includes voices, values, traditions, oral history. Popularly this is perceived through cuisine, GLAZALLE MARIE C. MANZANADES, LPT AY 24-25  CLASS MODULE ON TMPE 214 – Heritage Tourism clothing, forms of shelter, traditional skills and technologies, religious ceremonies, performing arts, and storytelling. Heritage Cycle The Heritage Cycle diagram gives us an idea how we can make the past part of our future (Simon Thurley, 2005). In clockwise direction the wedges and arrows head:  By understanding (cultural heritage) people value it  By valuing it people want to care for it  By caring for it, it will help people enjoy it  From enjoying it comes a thirst to understand  By understanding it Cultural Heritage is what remains of historical culture that still has value to living culture. This includes tangible things such as artefacts and intangible things such as traditions. Common Types of Cultural Heritage ARCHITECTURE  Major component of cultural heritage because buildings and other structures can survive for hundreds, and is some cases, thousands of years.  Architecture styles vary widely by region and change a little with each passing decade. As such, architecture is often representative of a time and place. GLAZALLE MARIE C. MANZANADES, LPT AY 24-25  CLASS MODULE ON TMPE 214 – Heritage Tourism Genius Loci  is the spirit of a place, this can include any element of the build environment or nature surrounds of a location. For example, the urban design of a neighbourhood can be viewed as cultural heritage if it has some unusual characteristics that people value. STORIES  Including traditional myths, legends and remarkable works of fiction KNOWLEDGE  Including traditional myths, legends and remarkable works of fiction BELIEF  Traditional beliefs may be firmly held as true or may be valued as element of culture without being viewed as literal truths. ART  Art has the ability to capture a historical moment with rich textures of emotion, symbolism and storytelling. As such, it often provides a window of the history of the culture. MUSIC  Traditional songs and music related to traditions PERFORMANCE ART  Performance art such as a traditional dance LANGUAGE  Is a foundational element of traditional culture that represents a way of thinking and communicating. HISTORY  Artefacts, places and buildings related to important historical events. FASHION  Traditional fashion including everyday, formal and ceremonial dress. OBSERVANCES AND CELEBRATION  Traditional holidays, rites of passage, festivals, rituals, carnivals and celebrations. SPORTS AND GAMES  Traditional sports and games that allow for the pursuit of competition, comradery, sefl- improvement, risk taking and strategic thinking. Interestingly, sport and games often exits at the level of super culture such as that they represent a shred cultural heritage at the global level. PASTIMES  Such as city with a rich culture of nightlife, play or community activities. GLAZALLE MARIE C. MANZANADES, LPT AY 24-25  CLASS MODULE ON TMPE 214 – Heritage Tourism DESIGN  The design of things that become representative of a time and place and traditional designs that remain much the same from one generation to the next. CRAFT  Craftsmanship such as a luthier who produces string instruments according to longstanding traditions. INSTITUTIONS  Certain institutions that have endured over time to become a unique element of a culture. For example, a high school or university with a history spanning hundreds of years such that it has a usually rich school culture. FOOD HERITAGE  Food related traditions including distinctive ingredients, techniques, dishes and dining rituals. Food heritage also includes traditional farming practices, cultivars, appellation and terroirs. It can also include restaurants that have survived for many generations and restaurant traditions such as street food. GLAZALLE MARIE C. MANZANADES, LPT AY 24-25