Transformations in Western Europe & Russia PDF

Transformations in Western Europe & Age of Absolutism Global 2H ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do the legacies of absolutist rule continue to influence societal structures, politics, and government systems in the 21st century? What did we learn? ...

Transformations in Western Europe & Age of Absolutism Global 2H ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do the legacies of absolutist rule continue to influence societal structures, politics, and government systems in the 21st century? What did we learn? HOW DID WE GET HERE & WHERE ARE WE GOING? → Conflicts in Spain, France and England all rooted in religion Europe underwent a variety of changes: REFORMATION, RENAISSANCE, EXPANSION → What do these events ALL LEAD TO? MAJOR POLITICAL CHANGES- EUROPE’S GOVERNMENT MORE CENTRALIZED → Extreme centralization becomes known as ABSOLUTISM- A state of government when the king or queen has all the power (domestic and international affairs, religion) Philip II of Spain: Why is he on this slide? France’s Wars on Religion → Calvinists vs. Catholics → John Calvin is a radical reformer- not looking to modify Catholic Religion but start COMPLETELY FROM SCRATCH- He believes God has absolute control over everything. PREDESTINATION →Huguenots- French Protestants influenced by Calvin-are starting uprisings in France & at the time France is majority Catholics → St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre- August 24, 1572 King Charles IX of France, orders the assassination of Huguenot Protestant leaders, –setting off a spree of killing that results in the massacre of tens of thousands of Huguenots all across France France’s Wars on Religion → 1589: Henry of Navarre becomes king of France now known as Henry IV → Issues the Edict of Nantes (1598) declares Catholicism the official religion of France but also offers official toleration to Protestants → Ends French Wars of Religion Henry IV assassinated→ 9 years old son Louis XIII inherited throne 30 Years War GENERAL OVERVIEW 1618-1648 → It was a war over Catholic-Protestant Issues → BEGINS WITH Defenestration of Prague → Because the vast majority of the fighting took place in Germany, the German states suffered more than any other participants 30 Years War General Overview → France supported the Protestant states in order to keep Germany weak, disunited, and weaken the Hapsburg Empire ENDS WITH The Peace of Westphalia -Huge peace conference The church (pope) is not involved, nor does the pope sign the treaties Calvinism is added to the mix: now there is Lutheranism, Catholicism, and Calvinism- PROTESTANTS STAY RESULTS 1. Ends period of religious conflict-Catholics and Protestants mostly at peace after this 2. France comes out on top- Stronger, more powerful than ever before 3. The Holy Roman Empire’s political power in central Europe dissolves 4. New state system emerges- Marks the beginning of “modern Europe” - Prussia and Austria FRANCE WORD BUCKET France Catherine Medici and her boy kings dealing with feuding families, just trying to keep everyone happy St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre – slaughters Protestants (Huguenots) Henry of Navarre becomes Henry IV, turns France Catholic again BUT Edict of Nantes- though restricting, gives Protestants basic freedoms ENGLAND AND SPAIN WORD BUCKET Elizabeth Tudor During her reign England becomes the leader of Protestant nations in Europe “only supreme governor” of church and state Philip II of Spain has a HUGE empire to manage SENDS THE SPANISH ARMADA. Loses the Netherlands, its richest territory, in a revolt Elizabeth I – attempts to play the middle ground (politique) through religious toleration Spanish Armada – tensions explode and the Spanish are defeated by the English at sea, permanently reducing the power of the Spanish Empire POWER GOES TO ENGLAND Absolute Monarchy Ruler holds total power- Unlimited power → Controls all parts of society →“I am the State.” ~Louis XIV of France Divine right of kings →God gives you the power to rule →HOW? 1. Decline of feudalism 2. Desire for order and stability QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER: 1. What is Bossuet’s thesis (i.e., what point is he trying to make)? 2. What evidence does Bossuet use to support his point? 3. According to Bossuet, what is the relationship between God and a king? 4. According to Bossuet, what is the only thing that limits a king’s power? Russia: Peter the Great KAHOOT https://create.kahoot.it/my-library/kahoots/a0c3a0e8-0fe8-49e4-b915-f4806748acf 7 Spanish Armada -During the 1500's, a rivalry took place over trade in the New World. This rivalry was between England and Spain. Spain wanted control over the English channel -Phillip II put together a fleet of ships known as the Spanish Armada. The Armada contained over 130 ships, 7000 sailors, and 17000 soldiers -Queen Elizabeth had a smaller, but faster and more maneuverable navy. -Ultimately a HUGE AND UNEXPECTED WIN FOR ENGLAND -POST Spanish Armada, Spain began to decline which changed their history. The Spanish Armada https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/queen-elizabeth-speech-troops-tilbury How do the legacies of absolutist rule continue to influence societal structures, politics, and government systems in the 21st century? What did we learn?