Unit 1 Living beings PDF

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify the characteristics of Living Things. Cells: the building blocks of life. Differenciate between Animal and Plants cells. How does a single cell become an organism? Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ System—Organism. How do we classify living organisms? The 5 Kingdoms. What is a...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify the characteristics of Living Things. Cells: the building blocks of life. Differenciate between Animal and Plants cells. How does a single cell become an organism? Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ System—Organism. How do we classify living organisms? The 5 Kingdoms. What is a Dichotomous Key? Lets take a closer look at some really extraordinary living organisms. Weird and Wonderful Organisms.  UNIT 1 - LIVING BEINGS CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS. All living things have some things in common. They can breathe, grow, reproduce, move, react to what is around them, eat food, and get rid of waste. These are the 7 life processes that all living things must conduct in order to be considered ALIVE. To help us remember these we use the acronym mrs. Gren. Respiration Movement Sensitivity Mrs. Gren Nutrition Growth Excretion Reproduction Some things might look like they are not alive, but they actually are! They can seem non- living for a long time because they are waiting for the right conditions to come alive. This means they need something special to happen before they can start showing the characteristics of living things. Seeds and eggs are examples of this. 11  UNIT 1 - LIVING BEINGS Seeds are in a "dormant state" Fertilized eggs need to until they get water, warmth, be kept warm to hatch. air, light, and soil to start This is why a mother growing. bird sits on her eggs to keep them warm. Non-living things are different from living things because they do not perform the seven life processes. When living things die, they become non-living. For example, think about the wood your desk is made of. Where did the wood come from? It was once part of a living tree. We can group almost everything in the world into two categories: living and non- living. If something cannot carry out all seven life processes, then it is non-living. Some things, like water and oxygen, were never alive. Other things, like wood, fossils, or oil, were once living but are now non-living. Carefully look at the photos below. Say which of these are living or non-living, or which was once living and now is non-living, or which can be revived. NON CAN BE NEVER LIVING LIVING REVIVED LIVED 12  UNIT 1 - LIVING BEINGS Cells: the building blocks of life. A cell is like a tiny building block that makes up all living things. Just like how a house is made of many bricks, our bodies are made of many cells. Let’s take a look at different types of cells: Animal Cells These cells make up all animals, including humans. They have a flexible shape and many small parts inside, like a brain (nucleus) and tiny powerhouses (mitochondria) that give energy. Plant Cells These cells make up all plants, like trees, flowers, and grass. They have a strong wall around them (cell wall) to keep them firm, and they have little green parts (chloroplasts) Bacterial Cells These are tiny cells that can be found everywhere, even inside our bodies! They are very simple and don’t have many parts inside. They can live in many places, even in very hot or cold spots. 13  UNIT 1 - LIVING BEINGS Animal cell Nucleolus: large structure in Nucleus: Think of this as the the nucleus that mainly makes brain of the cell. It tells ribosomes and RNA. everything else what to do. Cytoplasm: This is like a jelly inside the cell Mitochondria: These where all the cell parts are like the power float around. It’s where stations of the cell. They lots of important things make energy so the cell happen. can do its work. Lysosome: These are Cell Membrane: the cell’s trash cans. Imagine a bubble They break down waste around the cell. It and old parts so they decides what can come can be reused or thrown in and what can go out. away. Ribosomes: Tiny factories that make proteins, Golgi Apparatus: This is like the which are like the building blocks and tools the cell’s post office. It packages and cell needs. sends out proteins and other things the cell makes. PLANT CELL In addition to most of the animal cell parts, plant cells have a few unique parts: Cell Wall: This is a strong outer wall that gives the plant cell shape and protection, like a castle wall. Chloroplasts: These are like little kitchens where the plant makes its food using sunlight. They are green because of chlorophyll. 14  UNIT 1 - LIVING BEINGS Differences in these cells * Shape and Structure: Animal cells are flexible and roundish, plant cells are boxy with strong walls, and bacterial cells are tiny and simple. * Parts Inside: Plant cells have special parts to make food from sunlight, which animal and bacterial cells don’t have. * Jobs: Each type of cell has a different job. Animal cells help animals move and grow, plant cells help plants stand tall and make food, and bacterial cells can help with digestion or cause illness. These differences help each type of cell do its special job to keep plants, animals, and even bacteria alive and healthy! - Colour the animal and plant cell following the colour code given ANIMAL CELL ORGANELLE COLOUR Cytoplasm Light Blue Nucleus Light Purple Nucleolus Dark Purple Mitocondria Pink Golgi Orange Apparatus Lysosome Yellow Ribosomes Black Vacuole Grey Cell Dark Blue Membrane PLANT CELL ORGANELLE COLOUR Cytoplasm Light Blue Nucleus Light Purple Nucleolus Dark Purple Mitocondria Pink Golgi Orange Apparatus Chloroplasts Light Green Ribosomes Black Vacuole Grey Cell Dark Blue Membrane Cell Wall Dark Green 15  UNIT 1 - LIVING BEINGS From Tiny Brick to Big Castle: How a Cell Becomes an Organism! 1. The Starting Point: The Cell - Think of a cell as a small building block, like a tiny LEGO brick. - Every living thing starts with this tiny brick. That is why we say that cells are the “building blocks of life” 2. Cell Division: Making More Cells - The cell copies itself and splits into two cells. This is called cell division. - Imagine one LEGO brick becoming two, then four, then eight, and so on. 3. Specialization: Different Types of Cells - As more cells are made, they start to become different from each other. - Some cells become muscle cells, others become nerve cells, and some become skin cells. - Think of the LEGO bricks changing colours and shapes to build different parts of a LEGO house. 4. Tissues: Groups of Similar Cells - These specialized cells group together to form tissues. - For example, muscle cells form muscle tissue. - It's like putting together a bunch of red LEGO bricks to make a wall. 5. Organs: Tissues Working Together - Different tissues come together to form organs. - For example, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and blood tissue come together to make the heart. - Imagine different LEGO walls coming together to build a room. 16  UNIT 1 - LIVING BEINGS 6. Organ Systems: Organs Team Up - Organs work together in systems, like the digestive system or the respiratory system. - For example, the stomach, intestines, and liver work together to digest food. - Think of several LEGO rooms connecting to form different parts of a LEGO house. 7. The Complete Organism - All these systems work together to make a complete organism, like a human, a dog, or a tree. - It's like putting all the LEGO rooms together to build a whole LEGO house. And that's how a tiny cell becomes a whole organism! Cell Tissue Organ System Organism Cell Tissue Organ System Organism 17  UNIT 1 - LIVING BEINGS How do we classify living things? Have you ever wondered how living things are classified and organized? In the field of biology, scientists use a system called The Five Kingdoms of Life to group and categorize organisms based on their characteristics and features. Monera Single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria and cyanobacteria. Protista Single-celled or multi-celled organisms that are heterotrophic (meaning they cannot produce their own food) and possess a nucleus. Examples include algae and protozoa. Fungi Multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic and obtain their nutrition by breaking down organic matter. Examples include mushrooms, yeasts, and moulds. Plantae (plants) Multicellular organisms that are autotrophic (meaning they can produce their own food through photosynthesis) and have cell walls made of cellulose. Examples include flowers, trees, and grasses. Animalia (animals) Multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic and obtain their nutrition by consuming other organisms. Examples include mammals, birds, and insects. 18  UNIT 1 - LIVING BEINGS Dichotomous key Scientists use a special tool called a Dichotomous Key to figure out what plants and animals they find in nature. This tool works like a game, giving you two choices at a time to help you identify the organism step by step. They can be used to identify rocks, animals, plants...just about anything! Imagine you’re a detective solving a mystery! A dichotomous key is like a super cool secret map that helps you figure out what something is by asking yes or no questions. It’s like playing a fun game of “Guess Who?” with living things! Identifying aliens with a dichotomous key Look carefully at the alien pictures below. Use the dichotomous Key to find the scientific name of each one. 1.- a) Mouth open go to 2 b) Mouth not open go to 4 2.- a) Arms go to 3 b) No arms Alienus Quadriegicus 3.- a) Hairy Alienus Hairicus b) No Hair Alienus tritoothicus 4.- a) No horns go to 5 b) Horns Alienus Stripicus 5.- a) No legs Alienus Blobicus b) Legs Alienus Fuzzicus 19