Unit 1 Grade 4 PDF

Grade 4 Unit 1 Concept 1 Lesson 1 * starred agama lizard lives in the desert. * it protects itself by keeping itself cool by finding shaded area during a hot sunny day. * Palm leaves are covered with waxy layer to protect them from...

Grade 4 Unit 1 Concept 1 Lesson 1 * starred agama lizard lives in the desert. * it protects itself by keeping itself cool by finding shaded area during a hot sunny day. * Palm leaves are covered with waxy layer to protect them from extreme hot climate ‫اﻟﺣﺎر‬ * Human being ‫ اﻟﻧﺎس‬protects himself from extreme hot climate by using umbrella and light clothes Adaptation: It is a characteristic of living organisms that allows them to change over generations and helps them to survive and reproduce in the ecosystem. Ecosystem: is an area in which living and nonliving things , interact with each other. 2- Penguin Feet Unlike most birds, penguins cannot fly but they can stand on ice all day. Habitat: It lives in Antarctica [coldest place]. Its body: It has: Penguin's body is covered with dense feathers and a thick layer of fat to keep its body warm. Its feet: * The penguin feet have no feathers, no fat. Note · Habitat is the environment where living organisms live in. 1  Grade 4 How do the penguin's feet stay warm ? The penguin's feet stay warm due to the way of moving the blood in blood vessels through its feet as follows: 1- Blood vessels bring cold blood up from the feet. 2- Other blood vessels bring warm blood down to the feet from the feather-coated body. 3- These vessels weave around each other, so the warm blood vessels heat up the cold blood vessels, and the heat transfers to the penguin's feet. Note: − warm blood from body move down − cold blood from feet move up. 3- Adaptation for survival * Adapta on for some animals: 1- Polar bear 2- Brown bear and black bear Habitat : Arc c region (polar region). Habitat : Forests. Adapta on : Adapta on : It has white and thick fur : They have dark fur to help - Its white fur helps it blend them hide among the trees when in with the snow as it sneaks up on they hunt. its prey. - Its thick fur helps it stay warm in its cold arc c region. 2  Grade 4 3- Caracal and fennec fox 4- Some desert lizards Habitat : Desert Habitat : Desert Adapta on : Adapta on : They have sandy-colored fur They have colorful scales (tan-colored fur) to help them blend that make them hide among the in with desert landscapes. colorful rocks in the desert. camouflage: It is a type of adaptation that some animals use to hide from their predators or their preys by blending in with the surrounding environments. Note : 1- predator is an animal that hunts and eats another animal. 2- Prey is an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal. 3  Grade 4 Exercises on Lesson 1 Choose the correct answer : 1. The starred agama keeps cool during a hot sunny day in desert by........ a. ea ng green vegetables. b. drinking more water. c. secre ng more sweat. d. finding a shaded area. 2. Adapta on helps the living organism in all the following characters, except... _ a. surviving. b. reproduc on. c. hiding. d. death. 3. Penguins live in a polar climate which........... a. is one of the hotest places on Earth. b. is one of the coldest places on Earth. c. looks like the rainy climate. d. looks like the forest climate. 4. Which of the following ways help penguins to adapt to live in polar climate ?........ a. Their bodies are covered with skin. b. Their bodies are covered with dense feathers only. c. Their bodies are covered with a thick layer of fat only. 4  Grade 4 d. Their bodies are covered with dense feathers and a thick layer of fat. 5. In penguin's feet,........... a. warm blood vessels weave around cold blood vessels. b. warm blood vessels weave around its toes. c. cold blood vessels weave around its toes. d. cold blood vessels weave around dense feathers. 6. Penguin's feet have blood vessels that bring.......... up from its feet towards its body. a. cold water b. warm water c. cold blood d. warm blood 7. The presence of a thick white fur is an adapta on in........... a. starred agama lizard. b. polar bear. c. fennec fox. d. forest bear. 8. Bears that live In forests have fur........... that of polar bears. a. whiter than b. darker than c. similar to d. brighter than 9.Fennec fox and caracal have …………….that help them blend in with desert landscapes. a. colorful scales b. thick white fur c. sandy-colored feathers d. sandy-colored fur 10. Desert lizards have……………..that make them hide among the colorful rocks in desert. a. tan-colored fur b. colored scales c. sandy colored feathers d. dark fur 11.Camouflage means that the animal a. can be seen easily among its surrounding environment. b. is hard to be seen among its surrounding environment. c. is easily to be seen by its preys. d. can be seen easily by its predators. 12. Which of the following birds is more difficult to be seen by its predator?........... a. A red bird on a green tree. b. A blue bird on a green tree. c. A yellow bird on a green tree. d. A green bird on a green tree. 2-moose from columns (B) and (C) what suit them in column (A) A) Animal A) Adapta on C) Helps it to……. 1-Penguin a, has dark fur A. stay warm and hide from preys 2-Caracal b. has thick white fur B. keep its body warm 3-Brown bear c. has thick layer of fat and C. blend in with desert landscapes dense feathers 4-Polar bear d. has sandy-colored fur D. hide among the trees when it 3-Put ( √) or ( x ) : 1. The desert lizard blend in with large green trees , to hide from its enemies. ( ) 2. Animals that live in hot deserts have special ways to keep their bodies cool during hot sunny days. ( ) 5  Grade 4 3. Living organisms can survive and reproduce in different environments by the help of adapta on. ( ) 4. Penguin's body cover with dense feathers and thin layer of fat to keep its body warm ( ) 5. Thick white fur is an adapta on in bears that live in polar regions. ( ) 6. The sandy - colored fur of caracal helps it blend in with snow in polar environment ( ) 7-. Some types of lizards have colored feathers to help them blend in with rocks in their ecosystem. ( ) 4-Complete the following sentences by using these words (camouflage-habitat-adapta on - predator-prey) 1-The environment where living organisms live in is called…………….. 2. An animal that hunts and eats another animal is called a………….. while……………. is an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal 3. The characteris c that helps living organisms to survive and reproduce in the ecosystem is known as………………… 4-Type of adapta on that some animals use to hide from their predators or their preys is known as………………. 5-Write the scien fic term of each of the following 1-A characteris c that helps living organisms to survive and reproduce in the ecosystem in which they live (…………………..) 2-A bird that has a thick layer of fat and dense feathers to adapt extreme cold weather (…………………..) 3-It covers the body of some types of bears to blend in with snow and keeps their bodies warm. (…………………..) 4. A type of foxes that has sandy-colored fur to adapt its desert environment (……………..) 5-A property that helps animals to blend in with their surrounding environment (…..……..) 6.Complete the following sentences : 1-The penguin's body can keep warm through a thick layer of …………… and dense………………. 2. A penguin can stand around on ice all day due to the weaving of................. around each other in its feet. 3. Forest bears have …………….or………………colored fur colored fur , while polar bears have ……………….. colored fur 4. In desert environment …………and ………., are covered with sandy –colored fur 5. Among animals that can live in desert ecosystem are …………….lizard and ………. fox. 6. The fur of a polar bear is thick to keep its body…………… in polar climate while it has ………… color to blend in with snow. 7. The body of some types of lizards are covered with ………….. to blend in with colored rocks in their environment. 8. Among animals that can live in polar environment are ………….and ………. 6  Grade 4 9. Animals can blend in with their surrounding environment to hide from their …………….and preys through ………………property. 7- Give reasons for : 1. The starred agama lizard always looking for shade areas in desert. ……………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 3. The penguin's body has an insula ng layer of fat and thick downy feathers ……………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 3. The blood vessels in the penguin's feet weave around each other ……………………………………….……………………………………………………………. 4-Some desert lizards have colorful scales ……………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 5-Fennec fox has sandy-colored fur, while polar bear has a white fur ……………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 6-Some animals have the ability to make camouflage adapta on. ……………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 8 What happens if... ? 1. The warm blood vessels and cold blood vessels in the penguin's feet are not weaved around each other. ……………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 2. The polar bear has a thin fur instead of its thick fur. ……………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 3. The body of fennec fox is covered with a black fur. ……………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 4. Some types of lizards don't have the camouflage adapta on. ……………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 7 Grade 4 Lesson (2) Types of adapta ons ‫أﻧواع اﻟﺗﻛﯾف‬ Structural adaptation Behavioral adaptation: (Physical adaptation) : ‫ﺗﻛﯾف ﺳﻠوﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﯾف ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﻲ‬ It is a change in the behavior or acts of It is a change in the body structure a living organism to help it survive. of a living organism to help it survive. Migration: ‫اﻟﮭﺟرة‬ Travelling of some animals long distance at certain me of the year..‫اﻧﺗﻘﺎل ﺑﻌض اﻟﺣﯾواﻧﺎت ﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎت طوﯾﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺗرة ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ Habitat Structural adaptation Behavior adaptation (‫اﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ )اﻟﻣﺳﻛن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻛﯾف اﻟﺗرﻛﯾﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻛﯾف اﻟﺳﻠوﻛﻲ‬ (1) fennec fox - It has a tan-colored coat - It pants like dogs to cool its Hot dry desert (sandy-colored fur) that : body, where it takes up to provides camouflage to 700 breaths per minute. hide in a sandy, rocky - It lives in burrows to stay environment. cool during the sunny days. protects it from the hot Sun. - It eats all kinds of food - It has extra-large ears to like insects, fruit, plant roots help it lose the heat to cool its and even the remains from body. another animal's prey. 8  Grade 4 Habitat Structural adaptation Behavior adaptation (‫اﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ )اﻟﻣﺳﻛن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻛﯾف اﻟﺗرﻛﯾﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻛﯾف اﻟﺳﻠوﻛﻲ‬ 2- Arctic fox : - It has a thick fur coat - It lives in burrows to stay Tundra desert to keep its body warm in warm at night. with temperature extreme cold climate. - It eats all kinds of food as cold as 50c below zero in the - Its fur coat is white like insects, fruit, plant roots winter months. during winter but turns and even the remains from brown in summer when another animal's prey. the snow melts to help it sneak up on prey in any season. - It has short ears and legs to help it stay warm. Habitat Structural adaptation Behavior adaptation (‫اﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ )اﻟﻣﺳﻛن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻛﯾف اﻟﺗرﻛﯾﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻛﯾف اﻟﺳﻠوﻛﻲ‬ 3- Bull shark - Its body is adapted to - It eats different types of food Fresh water and survive in fresh water, as it lives in both fresh salt water. where no other sharks live water and salt water. in fresh water, so it has less - It hunts during the day and competition to find food. at night, so it can surprise its - It uses a camouflage prey. strategy called ''countershading'', where it has a dark back and white belly to sneak up on prey. - It has sharp teeth to cut its prey's fleshy. Countershading in bull shark : 1- When an animal swims above in the ocean, it may not see the bull shark in -the shadows due to its dark back. 2- When an animal swims underneath the bull shark and looking up, the bull shark may blend in with the bright light of the Sun ,due to its white belly. 9 Grade 4 5- The Panther Chameleon Structural adaptation 1-Their body covered with multiple To hide between the green leaves and brightly colored scales colorful flowers 2- V-shaped feet and long tail. To attach to roots and branches of trees. 3-Chameleon eyes move in One eye search for something to opposite direction independently eat. Other eye lookout for danger. of each other. Behavioral adaptation When it feels danger: To look bigger, for defense itself. 1- Puffs up its body It has No teeth, No claws for with air. defense] 2- open its mouth 3- Change the color of its scales 10  Grade 4 Exercises on Lesson 2 part A 1-Choose the correct answer : 1. The color of fur of fennec fox protects it from........... a. wind. b. rains. c. hot climate. d. cold weather. 2. Fennec fox has a tan-colored coat that provides........... in its environment. a. camouflage b. respiration c. panting d. communication 3. Panting in fennec fox belongs to........... adaptation. a. only structural b. only behavioral c. both structural and behavioral d. neither structural nor behavioral 4. Fennec fox and arctic fox live in burrows, this belongs to........... adaptation. a. only structural b. only behavioral c. both structural and behavioral d. neither structural nor behavioral 5. All of the following properties help fennec fox to stay cool, except........... a. thick fur coat. b. make panting. c. tan-colored coat. d. extra-large ears. 6. Changing the color of body coat of arctic fox according to season, is considered as a type of........... a. behavioral adaptation. b. changing the way of breathing. c. structural adaptation. d. changing the way of drinking. 7. All of the following properties help arctic fox to stay warm, except........... a. thick fur coat. b. short ears. c. tan-colored coat. d. short legs. 8. Both fennec fox and arctic fox are similar in all of the following, except........... a. they live in the same habitat. b. they can eat different things. c. they have excellent hearing ability. d. they have different sized ears. 11  Grade 4 9. All of the following sentences represent the meaning of adaptation, except........... a. it is the characteristic that helps living things survive. b. it is the characteristic that helps living things reproduce. c. it is the change that helps the animal to find a prey. d. it is the change that causes the death of the animal. 10. Bull sharks can live in ……………… a. fresh water only. b. salt water only. c. seas , rivers and mud d. rivers, seas and oceans 11.one of structural adaptions or bull sharks is that they........... a. can live in both salt water and fresh water. b. are flexible about what they eat. c. hunt in the day as well as the night. d. can live in salt water only. 12. When a panther chameleon stands within leaves of trees , the color of its scales changes into ……….. color. a. white b. green c. blue d. black 13. Special eyes of the panther chameleon belong to........... adaptation. a. only structural b. only behavioral c. both structural and behavioral d. neither structural nor behavioral 14......... is considered as a behavioral adaptation in the panther chameleon. a. Puffing up its body during danger b. Each eye can move independently c. V-shaped feet d. Tail like a hand 15. All the following are structural adaptations in the panther chameleon, except........... a. each eye can move Independently. b. opening Its mouth wide during danger. c. its V-shaped foot. d. its tail like a hand. 12  Grade 4 2 Choose from column ( A ) what suits it in both columns (B) and ( C ) (A) (B) (C) Animal Adaptation How helps it 1. Chameleon a. short ears and leg A. stay cool 2. Fennec fox b. V - shaped feet B. stay warm 3. Arctic fox c. difference in body colors C. balance and movement 4. Bull shark d. panting D. hide from its prey 3-Put ( √) or ( x ) : 1. Living organisms can adapt their environmental conditions through structural adaptation and behavioral adaptation. ( ) 2. The behavioral adaptation is a change in the body structure of a living organism to survive. ( ) 3. When the snow melts in polar regions, the thick fur coat of arctic fox turns black( ) 4-The ears of arctic fox are larger than those of fennec fox. ( ) 5. Fennec fox stays in burrows during day, while arctic fox stays in burrows at night. ( ) 6. Both fennec and arctic foxes can eat insects, fruit, plant roots and the remains from other animal's prey. ( ) 7-Fennec fox has sandy-colored fur to help it make camouflage. ( ) 8. Arctic fox lives in tundra, while fennec fox lives in hot desert. ( ) 9-Panting and staying in burrows are considered behavioral adaptations in fennec fox. ( ) 10-All types of sharks live in fresh water. ( ) 11. If a bull shark moves from a river to a sea, it will die ( ) 12-Bull shark uses countershading camouflage to sneak up on its prey ( ) 13-Chameleon uses its tail and V-shaped feet to hunt and move. ( ) 14-The panther chameleon has teeth and claws, through which it can hunt and eat its prey ( ) 13  Grade 4 15-Starred agama lizard use one of its eyes for searching for food and the other one to look out for danger. ( ) 4-Write the scientific term of each of the following : - 1- A change in the body structure of a ling organisms to survive(……………….) 2 A change in the behaviors or acts of a thing organism to survive (……………….) 3. An animal has a tan-colored fur and panting like dogs survive (………..…….) 4. A way by which fennec fox cools itself like dogs (……………….) 5. An animal that changes its for color between winter and summer seasons (……………….) 6. A lizard that has multiple bright colored scales to provide camouflage in its environment and has V-shaped feet (……………….) 7. A shape of feet by which a panther chameleon holds tightly to branches of trees. (……………….) 8. A feature in the bull shark, in which the upper surface of to body darker than its lower surface (……………….) 5-Give reasons for : 1. The fennec fox has a tan - colored coat. ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 2. Fennec foxes undergo panting , ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 3-Arctic fox has a thick fur coat ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 4-The fur of arctic fox is white during winter but it turns brown in summer ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 5-Burrow is an excellent place for arctic and fennec foxes ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 14  Grade 4 6-Fennec fox has extra-large ears, while arctic fox has short ears ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 7-Bull sharks have less competition for finding food in fresh water ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 8-Panther chameleon has V-shaped feet and a long tail. ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 6- What happens if... ? 1. Arctic fox has brown coat during the winter but it turns white during summer ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 2. Fennec foxes have short ears. ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 3. Sense of hearing becomes weak in foxes. ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 4. Arctic fox has only a white coat during all seasons of the year. ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 5. Both eyes of panther chameleon move in one direction only. ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 6. Panther chameleon is exposed to danger. ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… 7-Cross out the odd word 1-Penguin - Polar bear - Fennec fox - Arctic fox (……………….) 2-Fennec fox - Starred agama lizard - Panther chameleon- Bull shark (…………….) 3-Panther chameleon - Polar bear - Fennec fox - Arctic fox (……………….) 8-Put (S) in front of structural adaptation and (B) in front of behavior for each of the following statements 1-Tan-colored coat of fennec fox (…….) 2-Living of the arctic fox in burrows(…….) 3-Living of bull shark in both salt water and fresh water(…….) 4-Countershading of bull shark(…….) 5-V-shaped feet of panther chameleon(…….) 6-Change the colors of panther chameleon scales in danger cases(…….) 15  Grade 4 Lesson "2"part B plant adapta ons Savannah forest Amazon forest * Characteris cs of savannah forest [ in southern Africa ] (1) it is grass land (2) the temperature in it is mild (3) in it is extreme lake of water during the dry season (4) it characterized by drought condi ons so most of large plants can`t grow Characteris cs of amazon rain forest : [in brazil] (1) it is easy to find water Where : it is rainy most the year (2) it is hard for plants to reach sunlight (3) it has soggy soil ( wet muddy soil ) (4) it characterized by strong winds (5) the tree in it grow up 70 meters tall (6) the tree in it emerges high above other trees which is kapok tree [ umbrella – shaped – tree ] Acacia tree [ umbrella – shaped tree ] ‫ﺷﺟر اﻟﺳﻧط‬ Habitat : in savannah forest in southern Africa Structural adapta on : (A) Root : - it has very long root ً‫ﻟﮫ ﺟذور طوﯾﻠﺔ ﺟدا‬ - root grows directly downward [ tap root ] * this root searches for water deep 35 meters below the soil surface (B) Trunk ‫ اﻟﺟذع‬: 16  Grade 4 - is very long - most animals except giraffe can`t reach leaves to feed on acacia tree stores water in its trunk (C) Leaves : - it has ny leaves growing on its top To : hold in water and soaking up sunlight - leaves have sharp spines To : protect them from animals * Acacia tree is adapted in many months of drought. * The trunk in acacia tree stores water as the hump in the camel stores fat. In behavioral adapta on : 1. when an animal beings ea ng the leaves of acacia. 2. the tree beings to produce a poison that makes the leaves taste very bad. 3. then it sends a smelly massage in the wind to acacia trees nearby telling them to start making the same poison. (2) Kapok tree [ umbrella – shaped tree ] ‫ﺷﺟر اﻟﻛﺎﺑوك‬ Habitat : in amazon rain forest of Brazil Structural adapta on : Root : * it stays firmly rooted due to large wide roots [ butress roots ] * butress roots are not planted deeply in the ground but grow high up on its trunk to hold the tree firmly in the soggy soil. * some of these roots can start up to 5 meters above the ground. Leaves : ‫اﻷوراق‬ It has hand – shaped leaves with narrow parts That allow wind to move more gently through the leaves without tearing them. Seeds: - Kapok tree has fluffy yellow seeds to be easily carried by wind across the forest. 17  Grade 4 Behavioral adapta on : - Kapok tree has delicious-smelling flowers to send messages through wind to atract bats towards it. Plant Scien st ‫ﻋﺎﻟم اﻟﻧﺑﺎت‬ plant Its habitat Its structural This adapta on helps adapta on the plant to survive because Mangrove Salt water It has long and strong To resist the waves tree ‫ﻣﯾﺎه ﻣﺎﻟﺣﺔ‬ roots Water lily Wetland It has wide leaves that Absorb a big amount ‫ﻣﺳﺗﻧﻘﻊ‬ float on the water of sunlight surface Palm tree Desert - it has thick roots To resist the strong ‫ﺻﺣراء‬ - it has small leaves winds Pine tree Snow - this tree has a - allow the snow to ‫ﺛﻠﺞ‬ triangular shape slide easily over it, - it has short branches so its branches - it has needle leaves don`t break - prevent the plant from losing of water Barbary fig Desert It has sharp spines Prevent the animals ‫اﻟﺗﯾن اﻟﺷوﻛﻰ‬ from ea ng its leaves and fruits 18 Grade 4 19  Grade 4 Exercises on Lesson 2 part B Choose the correct answer : 1. It is difficult for rainforest plants to get........... a. water. b. air. c. sunlight. d. oxygen. 2. One of the behavioral adapta ons of acacia tree is that........... · a. it has one very long root. b. it has sharp spines around its leaves. c. it has very tall trunk. d. it produces a poison to make bad tasty leaves. 3. Acacia tree trunk and camel hump,........... a. both store water. b. both store fat. c. the first stores fat and the second stores water. d. the first stores water and the second stores fat. 4. All of the following proper es protect acacia leaves from being eaten by animals, except that........... a. they are high enough. b. they are surrounded by sharp spines. c. they are brightly colored. d. they produce a poison. 20  Grade 4 5. The acacia tree warns the other nearby acacia trees from animals by sending........... a. a watery message in the air. b. a watery message in the water. c. a smelly message in the air. d. a smelly message in the water. 6. When the nearby acacia trees receive the smelly message from the acacia tree, which exposed to be eaten by animals, they start to........... a. lose water from their trunks. b. invite bats to eat their leaves. c. make a poisonous substance in their leaves. d. fall down their leaves. 7. Savannah is characterized by all of the following, except.......... a. it is a grassland habitat. b. it is rainy most of the year. c. it has a mild temperature. d. it has extreme lack of water. 8. From umbrella-shaped trees are........... a. mangrove tree and acacia tree. b. mangrove tree and kapok tree. c. acacia tree and kapok tree. d. barbary fig and water lily. 9. The roots of kapok tree are not planted deeply in the soil, because........... a. the soil contains less water. b. the soil contains more water. c. the climate is very cold. d. the climate is very hot. 10. Kapok tree uses the wind to carry its fluffy yellow seeds across its........... a. desert habitat. b. snowy habitat. c. salt water habitat. d. rainforest habitat. 11. If a plant grows in a dry desert, it needs........... to adapt for ge ng water. a. long branches b. long leaves c. long roots d. more sunlight 12. If a plant grows in a rainforest, where it is hard to reach sunlight, so it needs.......... to adapt for ge ng more sunlight. a. small roots b. a very tall trunk c. sharp spines d. a very short trunk 13. If a plant grows in a snow habitat, so it needs all of the following characteris cs, except........... to adapt this habitat. a. short branches b. triangular shape c. needle leaves d. wide leaves 14. All of the following are adapta ons of different plants to keep animals away from them, except that they........... a. produce poison. b. gather their branches high above. c. have delicious-smelling flowers. d. have sharp spines. 15. Desert plants are characterized by all of the following, except that they........... a. store water. b. have wide leaves. c. have long roots. d. have sharp spines. 16. Palm tree has ny leaves like........... a. pine tree. b. kapok tree. c. acacia tree. d. water lily plant. 17. One of the structural adapta ons of water lily plant is that........... 21  Grade 4 a. it has long roots. b. it has sharp spines. c. it has ny leaves. d. it has wide leaves. 18. Mangrove tree has long and strong roots to........... a. resist the strong wind. b. resist the water waves. c. prevent the loss of water. d. absorb the underground water. 19. Pine tree has a triangular shape to make snow slides over its branches without breaking it. This structural adapta on makes this tree face the extreme cold climate like the feet of........... a. caracal. b. penguin. c. fennec fox. d. brown bear. 20. Barbary fig keeps animals away like acacia trees by its........... a. sharp spines. b. poison. c. smell. d. long leaves. 2. Choose from column (B) what suits it in column (A) : (A) (B) 1. Long and strong roots a. prevent animals from ea ng barbary fig. 2. Wide leaves b. make mangrove tree resists the water waves 3. Needle shaped leaves c. allow the kapok tree’s fluffy yellow seeds across the forest 4. Sharp spines d. allow wind to move more gently through the leaves of kapok tree 5. Hand-shaped leaves e. allow water lilies absorb large amount of sunlight f. prevent dosage of water in pine tree 3. Put ( ✓ ) or ( x ) : 1. Plants have structural adapta on only to help them survive and grow in different environments. ( ) 2. The rain falls for 6 months in Southern African Savannah. ( ) 3. The taproot of acacia tree grows deeply downward searching for water. ( ) 4. Acacia leaves are protected from being eaten by animals as they have brightly colored leaves. ( ) 5. Acacia tree and kapok tree use wind to send messages. ( ) 6. Acacia tree has delicious-smelling flowers to atract bats towards it. ( ) 7. Hand-shaped leaves of kapok tree is considered as a behavioral ( ) 8. Kapok tree produces fluffy yellow seeds, this is considered as a structural adapta on. ( ) 9. One of the structural adapta ons of acacia tree is that it has large, wide roots called butress roots. ( ) 10. Mangrove trees adapt to resist the water waves through their long, strong roots. ( ) 11. Water lily has wide leaves to absorb a large amount of sunlight. ( ) 22  Grade 4 12. Pine trees that live in desert habitat have needle leaves to prevent the loss of water. ( ) 13. Having thick roots is a behavioral adapta on of palm trees to resist strong winds. ( ) 14. Animals can't eat barbary fig due to its sharp spines. ( ) 15. Plants of dry desert habitat adapt to store water. ( ) 16. Some plants have sharp spines to absorb a large amount of sunlight. ( ) 4.Write the scien fic term of each of the following : 1. A tree that grows in Southern African Savannah and it has sharp spines around its leaves. (................... ) 2. A structural adapta on of acacia tree that allows it to search for water. (.................. ) 3. A structural adapta on that surrounds the leaves of acacia tree to prevent animals from ea ng them. (.................... ) 4. A tree that grows in Amazon rainforest of Brazil and it has hand-shaped leaves.(…………….) 5. A structural adapta on that fixes the kapok tree in soggy soil and support its trunk. (.................... ) 6. The part of the kapok tree which is supported by the butress roots. (................... ) 7. A tree lives in salt water habitat and has long, strong roots to resist the water waves. (.................... ) 8. A plant lives in wetland habitat and it has wide leaves to absorb a large amount of sunlight. (.................... ) 9. A structural adapta on in water lilies that helps them absorb a large amount of sunlight. (.................... ) 10. A structure that prevents the loss of water in the pine tree. (.................... ) 5.Complete the following sentences : 1. Acacia tree defends itself by producing.................. that makes leaves taste terrible, while chameleon defends itself by puffing up its.................. with air. 2. Kapok tree grows in Amazon rainforest habitat which has.................. soil. 3. The hand-shaped leaves of kapok tree allow................ to flow through them gently. 4. The kapok tree spreads the smell of its flowers to atract.................. towards it. 5. Among the plants that can survive in habitats that have lackage of water are.................. ,.................. and.................. 6. The leaves of.................. tree in hot weather habitat store water, while the needle leaves of.................. tree in snowy habitat prevent the loss of water. 7. The leaves of water lilies are wide in order to.................. on the water surface and to absorb a large amount of.................. 8. Drought regions are characterized by lacking of.................. so, their plants adapt by having very long.................. 23  Grade 4 9. The structural adapta on of.................. tree can resist water waves, while the structural adapta on of.................. tree can resist strong winds. 10. The leaves of.................. plant allow it to absorb a large amount of sunlight, while the leaves of.................. tree allow wind to move easily through these leaves without tearing them. 6.Give reasons for : 1. Branches of acacia tree gather on the top of its trunk. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. Acacia tree has sharp spines around its leaves. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Wind is important to acacia tree. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. Kapok tree has hand-shaped leaves. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. Kapok trees stay firmly rooted in the soggy soil although they are very tall. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. Pine tree has a triangular shape and short branches. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7. Water lilies have wide floa ng leaves. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. Mangrove tree has long and strong roots. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9. Palm trees have thick roots and small leaves. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10. Barbary fig has sharp spines. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7.What happens if... ? 1. The length of acacia taproot doesn't exceed 3 meters downward. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. The acacia leaves are not guarded by sharp spines. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. There are no butress roots in the kapok tree. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. The pine tree has an umbrella shape not a triangle shape. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. Some plants of rainforest habitat became very short. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. Water lily has narrow leaves instead of wide leaves. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24  Grade 4 7. Palm tree has thin roots and large leaves. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8.Cross out the odd word : 1. Taproot - Tiny leaves - Butress roots - Producing a poison. (.................... ) 2. Taproot - Hand-shaped leaves - Soggy soil - Butress roots. (.................... ) 3. Cactus plant - Barbary fig - Palm tree - Mangrove tree. (.................... ) 4. Acacia tree - Polar bear - Penguin - Pine tree. (.................... ) 25  Grade 4 Lesson "3" Diges ve system ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﮭﺿﻣﻲ‬ How do body systems adapt to meet the needs of living organisms ? - Each living organism has different ways to adapt to live in its environment, so : The body of a living organism (human or animal) is made up of systems such as diges ve system, respiratory system, nervous system,.... etc. System : It is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific job (func on). Note * diges ve system and respiratory system are working together to get energy from food and breathing. * the body gets energy from food. * the body need energy to : 1. do ac ve [ walking, talking, sleeping ]. 2. do func ons inside it [heart bea ng, breathing and thinking]. Note * in one day : You need a lot of energy : 1. your heart bets around 100,000 mes. 2. you take over 20,000 breaths. 3. and thousands of steps. Digestive system : It is the system responsible for breaking down food in to small parts to enable the body cells to use them in ge ng energy. Digestion process : It is the process of breaking down food and changing it into chemical substances that the body absorbs and uses then in ge ng energy and growth. It consists of : 26  Grade 4 1. mouth 2.throat(pharynx) 3. Esophagus 4. stomach ‫ اﻟﻣﻌدة‬5. Small intes ne. 6. Large intes ne. * diges ve system starts with mouth and ends with anus. 1 Mouth Liver 2 Esophagus 6 7 Pancreas 3 Stomach 4 Small intes ne 5 Large intes ne 27  Grade 4 (1) mouth: a. teeth: it breaks down and crush food during chewing. b. saliva : func on : 1.it digests starch and changes it into sugar. 2. it facilitates the swallowing of food. C. tongue : it mixes food with saliva in the mouth. (2) esophagus: * Esophagus is long muscular tube. Func on: it moves the food down into stomach. (3) stomach : It is muscular organ. Func on : * it mixes food with stomach acid and diges ve juices [ enzymes]. ( * diges ve juices change foods into soupy liquid. * food stays in the stomach for a few hours. * Then: The muscles of the stomach moves the food into a long winding tube called small intes ne. (4) Small intes ne : * it is a long, winding tube. * length is more than six meters. * pancreas and liver secrete juices that flow into small intes ne. * these juices : Help in breaking down food into nutrients (diges ve food). * absorb the small intes ne the nutrients and they inter into ny blood vessels and reach the blood. 28  Grade 4 * the blood carries the nutrients to all parts of the body. * the body doesn`t benefit from some parts of food [ undigested materials ] that flow into the large intes ne. (5) large intes ne : It is a tube starts from the end of the small intes ne and ends with the anus. Func on : ‫اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ‬ It absorbs water from the undigested materials and become solid wastes that come out through the anus. - how can you keep the diges ve system healthy ? 1. chew the food well. 2. don`t eat much fast meals. 3. drink a lot amount of water. 29  Grade 4 Respiratory system - Our bodies need oxygen in order to do their func ons. - We get oxygen gas from the air around us all the me. - The respiratory system is the system responsible for breathing (respira on). - The respiratory system supplies the body with oxygen gas and gets rid of carbon dioxide gas through the respira on process. Respiration process : It is a process of entering the air carrying oxygen into the body and pushing the air carrying carbon dioxide out of the body Note Carbon dioxide gas produced during respira on process is a waste product. carbon dioxide gas is harmful to our bodies so, we must expel it out during exhala on. Respiratory system consists of : 1. Nose 2. Throat (pharynx) 3. Trachea 4. Two lungs 5. Diaphragm 30  Grade 4 How does the respiratory system work ? During inhala on, trachea is the air enters Blood through the nose branched into Air two bronchi carries and the oxygen gas that are mouth, then to extract to all body the throat un l it divided into parts to do oxygen from reaches the two smaller tubes the air. their lungs called func ons bronchioles 1 2 3 4 31  Grade 4 Diaphragm: it is a large muscle at the base of ribs which plays an important role in inhala on and exhala on. How does the respira on process take place ? Inhala on Exhala on (1) the diaphragm contracts [shrinks] (1) the diaphragm relaxes [expands] and moves downward and moves upward (2) the size of chest increases [enlarges] (2) the size of chest decreases [becomes narrow] (3) the air rich in oxygen gas enters the (3) the air rich in carbon dioxide gas is lungs expelled out of the lungs 32 Grade 4 33  Grade 4 Exercises on Lesson 3 1. Choose the correct answer : 1. The energy that the living organism needs to perform different func ons is obtained from.......... a. breathing only. b. food processing only. c. breathing and running. d. breathing and food processing. 2. All of the following are organs of the diges ve system, except.......... a. mouth. b. nose. c. stomach. d. esophagus. 3. Diges on process begins in the.......... a. stomach. b. esophagus. c. mouth. d. small intes ne. 4. Which of the following organs does not share in breaking down of food ?.......... a. Mouth. b. Stomach. c. Lungs. d. Small intes ne. 5. Crushing the food in your mouth is the func on of.......... a. stomach. b. tongue. c. saliva. d. teeth. 6. All of the following are correct about the mouth, except.......... a. it is the first organ in the diges ve system. b. it has teeth. c. it has tongue. d. it moves directly food to the stomach. 7. Saliva in the mouth makes the food become so and mushy with the help of.......... a. teeth only. b. tongue only. c. teeth and esophagus. d. teeth and tongue. 8. The throat is connected to the stomach through.......... a. esophagus. b. trachea. c. small intes ne. d. large intes ne. 9. The organ that moves the food into the stomach is.......... a. mouth. b. tongue. c. esophagus. d. small intes ne. 10. The food passes from the stomach to tne.......... directly. a. esophagus b. small intes ne c. large intes ne d. anus 34  Grade 4 11. The stomach mixes the food with.......... to help in diges on of food. a. diges ve juices only b. stomach acid only c. saliva and diges ve juices d. stomach acid and diges ve juices 12. The liver and.......... pour their juices into the small intes ne. a. throat b. esophagus c. large intes ne d. pancreas 13. The long winding tube that its length is about more than six meters is called.......... a. large intes ne. b. small intes ne. c. esophagus. d. stomach. 14. The undigested food pass from the small intes ne into the.......... a. liver. b. pancreas. c. brain. d. large intes ne. 15. In the large intes ne,.......... is absorbed from the undigested food. a. starch b. fat c. water d. oil 16. The solid wastes of undigested food become useless to the body, so the body must expel them outside through the.......... a. mouth. b. anus. c. large intes ne. d. small intes ne. 17. All organs of the human diges ve system are considered as.......... adapta on. a. only structural b. only behavioral c. structural and behavioral d. neither structural nor behavioral 18. During inhala on, air enters through.......... then down the throat. a. nose and trachea b. nose and mouth c. mouth and lungs d. mouth and trachea 19. The passage of air during inhala on is.......... a. throat - nose - lungs - trachea. b. trachea -throat -lungs - nose. c. lungs - nose - throat - trachea. d. nose - throat- trachea - lungs. 20. The throat is connected to the lungs through.......... a. esophagus. b. trachea. c. small intes ne. d. ribs. 35  Grade 4 21. Inside the two lungs, at the end of the smaller air passages (bronchioles) there are ny air sacs surrounded by.......... a. air. b. water. c. small intes ne. d. blood vessels. 22. Inside the lungs, the trachea is branched into two tubes known as.......... a. alveoli. b. air sacs. c. bronchi. d. blood vessels. 23. The oxygen gas moves from air into blood at the.......... a. nose. b. throat. c. trachea. d. lungs. 2.Choose from column (B) what suits it in column (A) : (A) (B) 1. Esophagus a. absorbs water from the undigested food to become solid waste 2. small intes ne b. mixes the food with an acid and diges ve juices. 3. Large intes ne c. the diges on begins in it 4. Stomach d. food gets completely digested in it 5. Mouth e. is a tube has muscles that move the food down into the stomach.. f. solid waste leaves the body through it 1.. ………. 2. …………. 3………... 4. ……… 5. …………. (A) (B) 1. Trachea a. is a large muscle at the base of the ribs that help in process of exhaling and inhaling 2. Blood. b. are like balloons and they contain litle sacs surrounded by blood vessels 3. Diaphragm c. carrying the oxygen to all body organs 4. Lungs d. is a tube through it which air travel down into the lungs e. air enters the body through them 1.. ………. 2. …………. 3………... 4. ……… 36  Grade 4 3.Put (√) or (X} : 1. The diges ve system consists of similar organs that work together to get nutrients from food. ( ) 2. The human body gets oxygen gas from food. ( ) 3. Mouth, nose, esophagus and stomach are from the organs of the diges ve system. ( ) 4. The food passes through the large intes ne before it goes into the small intes ne. ( ) 5. Diges on process begins in the stomach with the help of saliva. ( ) 6. Tongue and teeth moisten the food, while saliva crushes the food un l it becomes so. ( ) 7. Food passes from mouth to stomach through a narrow tube known as small intes ne. ( ) 8. Food usually stays in stomach for few hours un l it becomes a soupy liquid. ( ) 9. Stomach mixes the food with juices that come from liver and pancreas. ( ) 10. The food gets broken down into nutrients in the small intes ne. ( ) 11. The walls of the small intes ne absorb the nutrients through ny blood vessels then blood carries them to all the body parts. ( ) 12. Swallowing food without chewing keeps the diges ve system healthy. ( ) 13. Diges ve system ends by anus. ( ) 14. The air travels down into the lungs through esophagus. ( ) 15. During inhala on, the size of chest becomes narrow. ( ) 16. During exhala on, the diaphragm expands. ( ) 17. The inhaled air is rich in carbon dioxide gas, while the exhaled air is rich in oxygen gas( ) 4.Write the scien fic term of each of the following : 1.A system that helps in breaking down food into smaller parts. (..................... ) 2. A group of organs that work together to perform a specific job. (……………………. ) 3. A process of breaking down food into smaller parts that the body cells absorb and use to get energy and grow. (..................... ) 4. The organ, where the diges on process begins. (..................... ) 5. They present in the mouth and play an important role in crushing of food. (................. ) 37  Grade 4 6. A liquid substance in your mouth that moistens the bite of food and begins to break it down. (..................... ) 7. The organ which receives the food from esophagus. (..................... ) 8. An organ that has ny blood vessels to absorb the nutrients through its walls. (..................... ) 9. An organ through which solid wastes of diges on leave the body. ( …………………….. ) 10. A long muscular tube that moves the food down into the stomach. (..................... ) 11. A process of pulling air in and pushing air out of the body. (..................... ) 12. It allows the air to pass from the nose to the trachea. (..................... ) 13. A tube that allows air to pass into the two lungs. (..................... ) 14. Litle air sacs surrounded by blood vessels in the respiratory system. (................. ) 15. A large muscle that contracts during breathing in and relaxes during breathing out. (..................... ) 5. Complete the following sentences : 1. The human body uses.................. system to get nutrients from food and uses.................. system to get oxygen from air. 2. In order for food to become so , the.................. and.................. work to mix and grind (crush) the food well. 3. In the diges ve system, food becomes a soupy liquid in the.................. , while it breaks down into nutrients in.................. 4. The.................. is a tube that has muscles to move the food down into the stomach, while.................. is a long winding tube, its length is more than six meters. 5. The longest part of the diges ve system where most diges on takes place inside it is.................. 6. The small intes ne receives juices from.................. and.................. that help in diges on process. 7. The walls of the small intes ne absorb the digested food and transfer it into your blood stream through.................. 38  Grade 4 8. In the diges ve system,.................. intes ne absorbs the nutrients through its wall, while.................. intes ne absorbs water from the undigested food. 9. Air enters and exits the human body through.................. system. 10. Inside the lungs, the.................. end with litle air sacs known as................. 11. During inhala on, air travels down from your throat to your lungs through............. 12. At the base of your ribs, there is a large muscle that plays an important role in respira on process known as.................. 13. During inhala on process, the diaphragm contracts and moves.................. , while during exhala on process, the diaphragm expands and moves.................. 6. Give reasons for : 1. The human body is made up of different systems. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. The importance of juices of liver and pancreas. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Anus is an important organ in the diges ve system. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. The inhaled air differs from the exhaled air. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. Diaphragm plays an important role in respira on process. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7.What happens if... ? 1. The small intes ne is removed from the human body. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. The nutrients absorbed by the walls of small intes ne enter the ny blood vessels. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. The diaphragm moves downward during inhala on. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. The diaphragm moves upward during exhala on. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8.Cross out the odd word : 1. Saliva - Stomach - Esophagus - Small intes ne. (.................... ) 2. Mouth - Lungs - Stomach - Large intes ne. (.................... ) 3. Nose - Throat - Trachea -Anus. (.................... ) 39  Grade 4 “Lesson4” How fish Breathe? Structural adapta on of fish: - Unlike human, fish don't breathe using lungs, but they have gills to breathe. - Gills are considered as unique structural adapta on that allow fish to live and breathe under water. - Gills are found on both sides of a fish's head. How do fish breathe under water ? ‫ﯾف ﺗﺗﻧﻔس اﻟﺳﻣﻛﺔ ﺗﺣت اﻟﻣﺎء‬ 1- Water enters the mouth of the fish and passes , across the gills. 2- Blood vessels inside the gills carry oxygen gas to the rest of the body and release carbon dioxide gas. Note Fish need clean water to survive, as we need to breathe clean air to stay healthy. 11- Human change the environment - Human ac vi es cause changes or impacts in the ecosystem over me, so organisms will have to adapt these changes to survive. ①- Human ac vi es Humans change ecosystems when: 1- Cu ng down forests. 2- Farming and clearing lands. 3- Building communi es instead of grasslands. 4- Introducing plant and animal that were never part of ecosystem. 5- The exhaust from too many cars or factories opera ng improperly can create air pollu on. 40  Grade 4 6- l Water pollu on that is caused due to bad habits, such as throwing waste materials to waterways and soil. Note: changes resulted from human ac vi es can cause the disappearance of plants and animals that once lived in an environment. As the human ac vi es have nega ve effects on animals and plants , they also have nega ve effects on human such as: A- heart diseases. B- Asthma diseases. C- Lung damage. D- Breathing difficulty. Note : 1- Water pollu on makes the human hard to find clean drinking water. 2- Air , water and soil pollu on make the crops cannot grow. 3- Air pollu on (smog) makes the human hard to breathe. 4- People live in big ci es must change their life style to decrease air pollu on. The role of human to help restore ecosystem: Replan ng the cleared forests. Removing the pollutants of air and water. Preserving plants and animals in these ecosystem. 41  Grade 4 Exercises on Lesson 4 Choose the correct answer : 1. Both of human and fish.......... a. can breathe in air. b. can breathe in water. c. use oxygen gas to breathe in. d. use carbon dioxide gas to breathe in. 2. Fish use.......... to breathe in water. a. tail b. eyes c. lungs d. gills 3. Gills differ from lungs, in that gills.......... a. take in oxygen gas. b. expel out carbon dioxide gas. c. extract oxygen gas from water. d. extract oxygen gas from air. 4. Gills in fish are considered as.......... a. behavioral adapta on. b. structural adapta on. c. camouflage adapta on. d. behavioral and structural adapta ons. 5. All of the following human ac vi es can nega vely affect the nature, except.......... a. cu ng down forests. b. removing air pollutants. c. farming and clearing lands. d. throwing wastes in waterways. 6. Human ac vi es and bad habits can pollute.......... of an ecosystem. a. air and soil only b. soil and waterways only c. air and waterways only d. air, soil and waterways 42  Grade 4 7. Pollu on of an ecosystem can affect.......... a. plants and animals only. b. animals and humans only. c. humans and plants only. d. plants, animals and humans. 8. If the environment is slowly changed, plants.......... to survive and grow. a. must have a taproot b. must have butress roots c. must decrease their adapta on d. must land their seeds in another beter place 9. From the nega ve effects of human ac vi es on the human health are.......... a. lung damage and asthma. b. asthma and wounds. c. heart problems and wounds. d. lung damage and wounds. 10. Human can help restoring ecosystem by all of the following ac vi es, except.......... a. replan ng the cleared forests. b. removing air and water pollutants. c. producing more factories exhausts. d. preserving existed plants and animals. Choose from column (B) what suits it in column (A) : (A) (B) 1. Changes that done by human and may a. building more factories that produce harm existed birds in an ecosystem are more smog inside ci es 2. Change that done by human and causes b. rainfall, floods and severe weather air pollu on are events 3. Changes that done by human and can c. replan ng the cleared forests and restore air in an ecosystem are removing of air pollutants. d. plowing grasslands and cu ng down forests 1…………. 2……………….. 3………………. 3.Put (v) or (X) : 1. Human breathes using gills, while fish breathes using lungs. ( ) 2. Gills are found on one side of a fish's head. ( ) 3. Both of lungs and gills take carbon dioxide gas inside the body and release oxygen gas outside the body. ( ) 4. Gills are unique structural adapta on that allow fish to live and breathe under water. 5. As human needs clean water to drink, fish needs clean air to breathe. ( ) 6. Cu ng down rainforests may cause disappearance of starred agama. ( ) 7. Throwing waste materials in waterways is one of the bad habits that must be stopped. ( ) 8. The way of survival of animals differ from that of plants, if the ecosystem is rapidly changed. ( ) 9. Pollu on is one of the most dangerous problems that affect all living organisms. ( ) 10. Respiratory problems like lung damage and asthma occur when water pollu on is high over a long period of me. ( ) 11. Humans can restore ecosystem as well as they can harm it. ( ) 43  Grade 4 12. When the pollu on level in a city is very high, people are forced to change their lifestyle. ( ) 4.Write the scien fic term of each of the following : 1. Structures that allow fish to breathe under water. (..................... ) 2. A gas presents in air and water, and is very important for breathing (..................... ) process. (..................... ) 3. A gas which the human and fish bodies must get rid of during exhala on process. (.................... ) 4. A kind of pollu on that is caused due to throwing waste materials into the waterways and soil. (.................. ) 5. A kind of pollu on that is caused due to the exhausts from carsand some factories. (..................... ) 5.Complete the following sentences : 1. Humans use.................. to breathe, while fish use.................. to breathe. 2. In both human and fish,.................. carries oxygen gas to all the body parts. 3. Gills of fish are considered as.................. adapta on that allow fish to breathe under water. 4. Human ac vi es and bad habits can pollute.................. ,.................. and soil of an ecosystem. 5. All living organisms including humans, animals and.................. are affected nega vely by pollu on. 6. One of air pollutants that makes human hard to breathe is.................. 6.Give reasons for : 1. Gills are unique structural adapta on in fish. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. Cars and factories exhausts cause breathing problems. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Some mes people in big ci es are forced to change their lifestyle. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7.What happens if... ? 1. Human ac vi es and bad habits increases. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. The exhausts from cars and factories increase in big ci es. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Water pollu on increases. (for human and fish). …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 44  Grade 4 “Lesson 5” In ac on (1) Amphibians: a. they are small animals [frogs, toads, salamanders]. b. they can live moist environments like rain forests ,stream and ponds. c. they need water as human to survive but in a different way. d. like human, adult amphibians can breathe using lungs when they are on land, but they can also take in oxygen from water. Structure adapta on of amphibians to live in wet environments: Amphibians breathe in (respire) through their lungs and skin to adapt to live on land and in water as follows: On land In water On land , Amphibians inhale The bodies of Amphibians are covered with oxygen gas from air through their skin that allows water and gases to pass lungs. through, so they can absorb (extract) oxygen directly from water Amphibians need clean water and air to stay healthy , because they are very sensi ve to the effects of: Water pollu on air pollu on Viruses that can travel through water. The role of scientists to protect amphibians from extinction: Scientists (biologists) are working to save many types of amphibians from extinction by studying : - How amphibians breathe in air and water. - Factors cause air and water pollutions that affect the life of amphibians. - What make these animals sick in their environments. 45  Grade 4 How do people help in protection of amphibians from extinction? Clean air and water are Important for amphibians, so people should : -Avoid throwing waste materials In water. - Dispose of chemicals In a correct way helps to avoid water pollution. Note: Ninety species of amphibians have become ex nct in the last 20 years in addi on to 124 other endangered species. Exercises on Lesson 5 1.Choose the correct answer : 1. Amphibians are adapted to live in.......... that suits their adapta on. a. dry environment b. moist environment c. arc c environment d. sandy environment 2. Starred agama and salamander,........... a. both are rep les. b. both are amphibians. c. the first is a rep le, while the second is an amphibian. d. the first is amphibian, while the second is rep le. 46  Grade 4 3. If amphibians have gills and they don't have lungs and also cannot respire through skin, then........... a. they cannot live outside water. b. they can live outside water. c. they cannot live under water. d. they can live in desert landscapes. 4. Amphibians can take in oxygen gas from........... a. water only. b. air only. c. food and air. d. water and air. 5. In rainforests, we can find........... a. panther chameleon and arc c foxes. b. amphibians and fennec foxes. c. arc c foxes and fennec foxes. d. panther chameleon and amphibians. 6. If the number of an animal species becomes zero due to severe changes in its natural habitat, this means that this species........... a. becomes endangered. b. becomes ex nct. c. will survive. d. going to be ex nct. 7. Both humans and amphibians breathe in oxygen. Which of the following sentences is correct ?........... a. Both can breathe in oxygen gas through lungs. b. Both can take in oxygen gas through skin. c. Humans can breathe in oxygen gas from water and air. d. Amphibians can breathe in oxygen gas through gills. 8. Blood vessels that carry oxygen gas in amphibians, present in........... a. skin and diges ve system. b. lungs and eyes. c. diges ve system and eyes. d. skin and lungs. · 9. Amphibians, lizards, trees, birds, fish and humans........... a. some of them need oxygen gas to respire. b. some of them need carbon dioxide gas to respire. c. all of them need oxygen gas to respire. d. all of them need carbon dioxide gas to respire. 10. If a pond where some frogs live is highly polluted with wastes and viruses.What you have to do to preserve these frogs ?........... a. Fill in the pond with sand. b. Dry this pond from water. c. Supply this pond with more oxygen gas. d. Transfer these frogs to a clean water habitat. 2.put (√) or (x) 1. Amphibians include frogs and salamanders. ( ) 47  Grade 4 2. The natural habitat of amphibians is rainforest, while that of panther chameleon is desert. ( ) 3. The number of amphibians increases in the last few years, due to restoring of its ecosystem. ( ) 4. Arc c foxes and amphibians cannot be found in the same habitat. ( ) 5. Salamanders and fish can breathe in air through lungs. ( ) 6. In the habitat of amphibians, we can find some types of rep les. ( ) 7. Scien sts try to save golden frogs from ex nc on. ( ) 8. Clean water and air are very important for respira on process in amphibians. ( ) 9. It is important to advice people not to throw waste materials in waterways to save amphibians' life ( ) 3.Write the scien fic term of each of the following : 1. A species that includes frogs , toads and salamanders. (………………………… ) 2. The organ through which salamanders can take in oxygen gas directly from water. (…………………………….. ) 3. A gas is present in water and air that living organisms breathe in during respira on. (..................... ) 4. The type of adapta on that allows frog to take in oxygen gas from water directly through the skin. (..................... ) 5. A respiratory organ that contains litle sacs, and found in humans, frogs and cows but not in fish. (..................... ) 4.Complete the following sentences : 1. Starred agama lizard is a............... , while frog is an................ ·.· 2. Humans, amphibians and rep les have.................. to breathe in oxygen gas from air. 3. Bull shark can respire through.................. only, while salamander can respire through.................. and.................. 4. Both humans and adult amphibians have no.................. that is present in fish for respira on. 5. As the pollu on rate of water in ponds and air increases, the number of amphibians.................. 6. Amphibians have two ways to breathe in oxygen, one from air through.................. and the other from water through.................. 7. The ability of amphibians to take in oxygen gas from water through the skin, is considered as.................. adapta on. 8. All living organisms breathe in oxygen gas and gives out.................. as a waste product. 48  Grade 4 9. Pollu on of.................. and.................. may cause a big problem on the amphibians survival. 5.Give reasons for : 1. Skin of fish is different from that of frog, although both of them live in water. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Dry seasons is very harmful for amphibians. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. Pollu on of air and water can affect the survival of amphibians. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Scien sts must study how amphibians interact with their environments. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6.What happens if... ? 1. Pollu on level increases in the natural habitat of amphibians. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. The ecosystem of amphibians is containing clean air and water.· ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. Amphibians don't have lungs and breathe only through skin. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. The number of predators of amphibians increases. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Salamanders have lungs only to respire. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. Skin of frogs becomes dry. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 49  Grade 4 Concept (2) Senses at work Human: Can listen to music through the organs of hearing [ears] Owls: Have extra ordinary senses of hearing and sight to be able to find their preys in the dark. Dogs: Have very sharp senses of hearing and smell, there for they are used in guarding. The Egyp an mongoose Makes sound that spread informa on to other mongooses to move from one place to another or when searching for food. 2- Dolphin senses * Dolphins have sharp senses that help them: A. survive B. search for food C. protect themselves under water How can dolphins locate organisms and other things under water?  By echoloca on Echo: It is the reflec on (bouncing off) of sound waves back from a solid surface to its source. 1) Sound produced by dolphin’s travels in the form of wave called sound waves. 2) These waves travel through water and when they hit objects, they bounce back to dolphins In the form of echo. 3) Echo helps dolphin locates their preys 50  Grade 4 3- What do you already know about senses at work? animal Purpose ‫اﻟﻬﺪف‬ sense Fox Avoiding danger Hearing sight Chameleon Searching for food Sight taste Dog Recognizing friends Smell sight Monkey Iden fying things Touch – smell – sight – taste - hearing 51  Grade 4 Exercises on Lesson 1 1.Choose the correct answer : 1. To know if a cup of water is hot or cold, we need to use the sense of.......... a. sight. b. hearing. c. smell. d. touch. 2. We can dis nguish between water and milk through.......... a. taste and hearing. b. sight and hearing. c. smell and hearing. d. taste and sight. 3. The sensory organs of a dolphin help it do all of the following, except.......... a. surviving. b. finding food. c. finding water. d. protec ng itself under water. 4. If there is some salt in a dish and some sugar in another dish, you can dis nguish between them through the sense of.......... a. smell. b. taste. c. touch. d. hearing. 5. The five senses of humans and animals are.......... a. sight, hearing, touch, smell, and movement. b. sight, movement, taste, touch, and smell. c. taste, touch, movement, hearing, and smell. d. sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. 6. Echo helps bats and dolphins to locate.......... of their preys. a. the loca on b. the color c. the smell d. the taste 7. Dolphins depend on their sharp sense of.......... to get food. a. sight b. taste c. smell d. hearing 2.Put (v) or (X) : 1. A human can iden fy music through ears which are the organs of sight. ( ) 2. The Egyp an mongoose can communicate with its species by making sounds. ( ) 3. The sense of hearing of dolphins is stronger than that of human. ( ) 4. We use our sense of smell to iden fy the color of a flower. ( ) 52  Grade 4 5. Skin helps human dis nguish between the taste of different types of food through the sense of touch. ( ) 6. Chameleon uses its tongue to taste food. ( ) 7. Foxes have sharp sense of taste to avoid dangers. ( ) 8. Bats depend on camouflage property to find its food. ( ) 3.Write the scien fic term of each of the following : 1. The property that depends on the sense of hearing through which dolphins locate their preys under water. (................ ) 2.The organ used to recognize different colors (................ ) 3. The organ used to recognize different odors. (................ ) 4. The sense used to differen ate between smooth and rough surface. (................ ) 5. The return back of sound waves on hi ng a solid surface. (................ ) 4.Complete the following sentences : 1. The dog uses the senses of................ and................ in guarding. 2. A human can pay aten on to an alarm bell in case of danger through the sense of …………………….. 3. Dolphins have sharp sense of................ , which they use to locate living organisms under water through the.................. property. 4. We can iden fy the scent of flowers in spring using the organ of………. 5. Echo is the bouncing off................ waves when they hit a solid surface. 5.Give reasons for : 1. The Egyp an mongoose make sounds. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Owls can hunt during the nigh1t'. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. Dogs are used in guarding. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Dolphins can, hear all kinds Of sound.. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6.What happens to... ? The sound waves produced by a dolphin when they hit an object under water. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 53  Grade 4 Lesson (2) Sensory Organs of Nocturnal Animals - You can hear the noise of something moving through the darkness, even you cannot see it clearly. - Some animals known as ''Nocturnal animals" look for their food at night using their sharp senses. Nocturnal animals : They are animals that become ac ve at night to look for their food. Why some animals become ac ve at night? in extremely hot regions, the perfect me to look for food Is during the night me when the weather become cool enough. some animals hunt at night, because their preys are available at night only. some animals depend on total darkness to hide from their preys and surprise them. How can nocturnal animals hunt at night without the need of light?  By super sensory adapta on (1) Bat super sensory adapta on : Bats can`t see very well in the dark, but they are able to use echoloca on (like dolphins) Purpose: To locate their preys (as insects) using the echo. Notes 1. Both bats and dolphins use echoloca on to find their food. 2. Unlike dolphins, bats are nocturnal animals that can hunt at night. (3) Owl super sensory adapta on : * owls have extra ordinary eyesight and hearing. * the owl-shaped faces and feathers in owl`s head help them detect, amplify and direct distant sounds directly into ears. * when animals making the noise are hiding within grass or under snow. * Its eyes allow the owl to see ny and far-away movements of their preys. * owls can rotate their heads in all direc on so, that they can search for preys every way. Purpose: To detect the movement and sounds of ny far away preys. 54  Grade 4 The nervous system The nervous system Brain spinal cord Nerves The nervous system consist of: Brain: It is connected to the spinal cord. Its func on: The main control center of the body spinal cord : - It is a big nerve that runs through the backbone. - It is branched into smaller and smaller nerves. Its func on : It carries messages from the brain to the body and from body to the brain. Nerves : Nerves are distributed throughout the body and connect the sense organs and the body parts with the brain. Their func on: Carry messages from the brain to the spinal cord and other parts of the body. As well as from other parts of the body to spinal cord and the brain. Note: 1. The nerves transmit informa on from the sensory organs to the brain. 2. The five sensory organs contain a special type of nerves known as sensory receptors 55  Grade 4 Sensory receptors: They are nerves found in different places of the body and they are responsible for receiving informa on from the surrounding. How does the nervous system work if you smell pizza ? 1. The sense organ (nose) receives the informa on from the environment which is the pizza's odor. then the sensory receptors of smell that are found in the back of your nose send a specific signals along the nerves to your brain. once of the smell reaches your brain, it is processed by the brain to produce The proper response, such as determining the type of the food. Sensing of the environment ‫ا‬ Jumping jerboa:  It’s considered from desert rodents.  It is a tiny animal with very large ears and small eyes and long hind legs. Adaptation in jerboa To jump long distances. 1. It has long hind legs (Structural adaption) To help it catch sand when 2. Jerboa `s feet and it jumps in zigzag paths to toes have hairs run quickly from danger (Behavioral adaptation) To help it to hear snake. 3. Jerboa has large ears (Structural adaption) 56  Grade 4 - How all parts of a jerboa`s body work together to avoid danger? - When snakes make noise as they approach a jerboa: 1. the sensory receptors in a jerboa`s ears send a message through a Network of nerves to the brain. 2. it`s brain then aler ng its legs to start moving. 3. it`s strong hopping legs starts to jump away from the danger in zigzag Paths. * Its senses [sharp hearing – strong hopping hind legs] work in integra on with nervous system. * This process occurs in less than one second. Reaction time: It is the me taken by an organism`s body to react to different s muli around it. How does the jerboa respond to danger compared to a human ? Both human and jerboa avoid danger by relying on sensory receptors, nerves and a brain to sense and communicate messages. Both human and jerboa move quickly away from danger for their safety. Examples : Jerboa hops in zigzag paterns, so - Human moves quickly his hand away, when it it can escape quickly from danger. touches the spines of a cactus plant. 57  Grade 4 Exercises on Lesson 2 1.Choose the correct answer: 1. The senses you depend on to find a small radio that produces low sound in a dark room are.......... a. hearing and smell. b. touch and taste. c. smell and taste. d. hearing and touch. 2. The responsible system for moving your hand away from danger, such as touching a hot cup of tea, is the.......... system. a. digestive b. respiratory c. nervous d. urinary 3. When snakes make a noise, the sensory receptors found in jerboa's.......... send a warning message to the brain. a. ears b. nose c. feet d. teeth 4. The brain is the main control center in the body, so it can deal with.......... at the same time. a. two senses only b. three senses only c. four senses only d. all the five senses 5. Animals that become active at night are called........... a. diurnal animals. b. nocturnal animals. c. extinct animals. d. endangered animals. 6. When your hand touches the spines of a cactus plant, it is withdrawn in.......... a. less than one second. b. one minute. c. two minutes.