Grade 4 Science Booklet First Term PDF

Grade 4 Science BookletFirst Term First Term  Science – Grade 4 Content Unit Unit (1) (2) Theme (1) System Them...

Grade 4 Science BookletFirst Term First Term  Science – Grade 4 Content Unit Unit (1) (2) Theme (1) System Theme (2) Matter and Concept 1 : Adaptation and Energy Concept 1 : Starting and stopping survival lesson 1 Lesson 4 Lesson 1 lesson 4 Lesson 2 Lesson 2 Lesson 5 Lesson 3 Lesson 3 Concept 2 : Senses at work Concept 2: Energy and motion Lesson 1 lesson 4 lesson 1 Lesson 4 Lesson 2 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 3 Concept 3 : Light and sight Concept 3: Energy and Collisions Lesson 1 Lesson 3 lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 2 Lesson 4 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 1  Science – Grade 4 Concept 1.1 Adaptation and survival Lesson (1) Adaptation in Animals Lesson1 Adaptations They are characteristics (trait) that help living organisms to survive and reproduce. Example of adaptations Penguins They Live in Antarctica (polar climate. They have fat and They have no thick feather for feather in the feet. warming. Habitat: It is the environment where living organisms live in. Ecosystem It is an area in which living and non-living things interact : with each other. 2  Science – Grade 4 Think How do the penguin’s feet stay warm? G. R Because blood vessels that carry warm blood from the body weave around the blood vessels that carry cold blood from the feet. Ways of adaptation 1. Polar bear: 2. Brown or black bear: ✓ Habitat: it Lives in ✓ Habitat :it lives in Forest arctic region ✓ Adaptation : ✓ Adaptation : It has dark brown fur to: It has thick white fur to: help it to hide between a. Keep warm. trees during catching its b. Blend with snow to prey. catch its prey. 3. Caracal and fennec fox ✓ Habitat : They live in desert ✓ Adaptation: They have sandy-coloured fur (tan-coloured fur) to help them blend in with desert landscapes. 3  Science – Grade 4 5. Some desert lizards ✓ Habitat : They live in desert ✓ Adaptation : They have colourful scales that make them hide among the desert. 6.Starred agama lizard ✓ It protects itself by finding a shaded area To keep itself cool 7. Camel ✓ Hump helps Camel store fat that is rich in energy to survive ✓ Camel's body is covered with a special thick hairy skin to protect it from the hot weather in desert. From the previous examples, we notice that some animals adapt in many ways to hide from their predators by (Camouflage). Camouflage. It is a type of adaptation that some animals use to hide from their predators by blending in with the surrounding environments. 1. Predator is an animal that hunts and eats another animal. 2. Prey: is an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal. 4  Science – Grade 4 Worksheet (1) ❶ Complete the following sentences by using these words: (Camouflage - habitat - adaptation - predator - prey) 1. The environment where living organisms live in is called………………. 2. An animal that hunts and eats another animal is called a………………….while is an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal is called ……………… 3. The characteristic that helps living organisms to survive and reproduce in the ecosystem is known as…………….. 4. Type of adaptation that some animals use to hide from their predators or their preys is known as ………………….. 5. The penguin's body can keep warm through a thick layer of………………..……and dense…………. 6. A penguin can stand around on ice all day due to the weaving of………………around each other in its feet. 7. Forest bears have…………or……………… colored fur, while polar bears have …………..colored fur. 8. Among animals that can live in desert ecosystem are……………lizard and………………fox. 9. The fur of a polar bear is thick to keep its body …………..in polar climate, while it has………………color to blend in with snow. 10. The body of some types of lizards are covered with………..to blend in with colored rocks in their environments. ❷Choose the correct answer: 1. Bears that live in forests have fur………….that of polar bears. a. whiter than b. darker than c. similar to d. brighter than 2. Fennec fox and caracal have ……………….that help them blend in with desert landscapes. a. colorful scales b. thick white fur c. sandy-colored feathers d. sandy-colored fur 3. Desert lizards have ………………..that make them hide among the colorful rocks in desert. a. tan-colored fur b. colored scales c. sandy colored feathers d. dark fur 4. Reptiles hide under……………and……to avoid high temperature. 5  Science – Grade 4 a. moonlight and rocks b. rocks and sand c. sunlight and sand 5. Camouflage means that the animal a. can be seen easily among its surrounding environment. b. is hard to be seen among its surrounding environment. c. is easily to be seen by its preys. d. can be seen easily by its predators. 6. Penguin live in a polar climate which…………………. a. is one of the hottest places in Earth b.is one of the coldest climates c. looks like the desert climate d. looks like the forest climate 7. The presence of an insulating layer of…................. , keep the penguin`s body warm. a. protein and thick downy feathers b. fat and thin downy feather c. fat and thick downy feathers d. protein and thin downy feathers 8. In penguin`s feet,........................ weave around each other. a. warm blood vessels and cold blood vessels b. warm blood vessels and its toes c. cold blood vessels and its toes d. cold blood vessels and thick downy feathers ❸Write the scientific term: 1. A characteristic that helps living organisms to survive and reproduce in the ecosystem in which they live. (……………………) 2. A bird that has a thick layer of fat and dense feathers to adapt extreme cold weather. (……………………) 3. It covers the body of some types of bears to blend in with snow and keeps their bodies warm. (……………………) 4. A type of foxes that has sandy-colored fur to adapt its desert environment (……………………) 5. A property that helps animals to blend in with their surrounding environment. (……………………) ❹ Give reasons tor: 1. The starred agama lizard always looking for shade areas in desert. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. The penguin's body has a thick layer of fat and dense feathers. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6  Science – Grade 4 3. The blood vessels in the penguin's feet weave around each other. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Some desert lizards have colorful scales. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Fennec fox has sandy-colored fur, while polar bear has a white fur. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. Some animals have the ability to make camouflage adaptation. ❺what happens if... ? The warm blood vessels and cold blood vessels in the penguin's feet do not weave around each other. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. The polar bear has thin fur instead of its thick fur. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. ❻Choose the animals that use camouflage adaptation to blend in with its environment: (Deer- frog – cow – lizard) ❼Compare between: P.O.C Fennec fox Penguin Habitat Body coat P.O.C Forest bear Polar bear Habitat Fur covered with 7  Science – Grade 4 Lesson 2 Types of adaptation There are 2 types of adaptation. Types of adaptation Structural adaptation behavioral adaptation Structural adaptation Behavioral adaptation The Change in the animal’s body The change in behavior or activity structure. of living organism Examples Examples ✓ The blood vessels in the ✓ Desert lizard looks for shade Penguin’s feet. during hot sunny days. ✓ The thick fur of the polar bear. ✓ Migration of some animals towards certain regions. Now, we will study types of adaptations in some different animals. 8  Science – Grade 4 1. Fennec fox and Arctic fox Fennec Fox Arctic Fox Habitat It lives in dry desert It lives in Tundra Structural 1- it has a tan-colored coat 1-It has a thick fur coat adaptation (Sandy-colored fur) to keep its body warm in extreme cold climate 2- It has extra-large ears to help it lose the heat to cool its 2- Its fur coat is white during body winter but turns brown in summer when the snow melts to help it sneaks up on prey in any season. 3- It has short ears and legs to help it stay warm Behavioral 1- It lives in burrows to stay warm 1- It pants like dogs to cool adaptation at night. its body 2- It lives in burrows to stay 2- It eats all kind of foods. cool. 3- It eats all kind of foods. Note The special shape of ears in both fennec and arctic foxes allow excellent hearing to help them hunt. 9  Science – Grade 4 2. Bull Shark Habitat Structural adaptation Behavioral adaptation It uses a camouflage It eats different types It lives in of food as it lives in strategy called salty and "countershading" both fresh water and fresh It has a dark back and salt water. water. white belly to sneak up on prey. It hunts during the day and at night, so it can It has sharp teeth to cut surprise its prey. its prey's flesh. In fresh water, a bull shark finds less competition in finding food, because no other sharks live in fresh water. Countershading A feature in the bull shark, in which the upper surface of its body is darker than its lower surface. 10  Science – Grade 4 3. Panther Chameleon Lizards are from reptiles that are an ancient type of animals.. Lizards are from reptiles. Bodies of reptiles are covered with scales such as starred agama lizard and panther chameleon. Habitat: Tropical rainforest Structural adaptation 1-Their body covered with multiple To hide between the green leaves brightly colored scales and colorful flowers 2- V-shaped feet and long tail. To hold tightly the branches of trees. 3-Chameleon eyes move in One eye search for something opposite direction independently to eat. Other eye lookout for of each other. danger. Behavioral adaptation When it feels danger: ❶Puffs up its ❷Open its ❸ Change the color body with air. mouth of its scales To look bigger, for defense itself. Because :- (It has No teeth, No claws for defense) 11  Science – Grade 4 Worksheet (2) ❶Choose the correct answer: 1. Panting in fennec fox belongs to ………. adaptation. a. only structural. b. only behavioral. c. both structural and behavioral. c. neither structural nor behavioral 2. The starred agama lizard keeps cool during a hot sunny day in desert by………….. a. eating green vegetables. b. drinking more water. c. secreting sweet. d. finding a shade area. 3.If a desert lizard is transferred into a cool environment, it will stop………….. a. looking for a shade area. b. looking for water to drink c. breathing. d. eating. 4. All of the following properties help the arctic fox to stay warm, except……………. a- thick fur coat b. short ears. c. tan-coloured coat. d. short legs. 5. The Arctic fox lives in………………… a. Antarctica b. tundra desert c. Amazon forests d. all the previous 6. All the following are structural adaptation in panther chameleon except……….. a. V- shaped feet b. each eye moves independently c. tail like a hand d. Puffing up its body during danger. 7. Panther chameleons have…………….shaped feet. a. U b. V c. S d. O 8. A panther chameleon puffs up its body with air and opens its mouth wide to………………. a. hold the branches of trees tightly b. scare its attacker c. hide from its prey d. store fats and proteins 9. Special eyes of the panther chameleon belong to…….adaptation. a. only structural b. only behavioral c. both structural and behavioral d. neither structural nor behavioral 12  Science – Grade 4 10. The color of fur of fennec fox protects it from……………. a. hot climate. b. rains c. cold weather. d. wind 11. …………….is considered as a behavioural adaptation in the panther chameleon. a.Puffing up its body during danger b.Each eye can move independently c.V-shaped feet d.Tail like a hand 12. Bull sharks can live in…………………………….. a. fresh water only, b. seas, rivers and mud. c. salt water only, d. rivers, seas and oceans. 13. One of structural adaptations of bull sharks is that they a.can live in both salt water and fresh water. b.are flexible about what they eat. c.hunt in the day as well as the night. d.can live in salt water only. 14.When a panther chameleon stands within leaves of trees, the color of its scales changes into…………………………color. a. white b. green c. blue d. black ❷Put (√) or (×): 1. Living organisms can survive and reproduce in different environment by the help of adaptation. ( ) 2. The insulating layer of fat and the thick downy feathers trap warm air against the skin of the penguin`s body. ( ) 3. Some types of lizards have colored feathers to help them blend in with rocks in their ecosystem. ( ) 4. If bull shark moved from a river to a sea, it will die. ( ) 5. Panting and staying in burrow are considered behavioral adaptations in fennec foxes. ( ) 6. The panther chameleon has teeth and claws, through which it can hunt and eat its prey ( ) 7. All types of sharks live in fresh water. 13  Science – Grade 4 8.When the snow melts in polar regions, the thick fur coat of arctic fox turns black. ( ) 9. The ears of arctic fox are larger than those of fennec fox. ( ) ❸Write the scientific term: 1. A change in the body structure of a living organism to survive. (……………..) 2. A change in the behaviours or acts of a living organism to survive. (……………..) 3 An animal has a tan-coloured fur and panting like dogs. (……………..) 4. A way by which fennec fox cools itself like dogs. (……………..) 5. An animal that changes its fur colour between winter and summer seasons. (……………..) 6. A lizard that has multiple bright coloured scales to provide camouflage in its environment and has V-shaped feet. (………………..) 7. A shape of feet by which a panther chameleon holds tightly to branches of trees. (………………..) 8. A feature in the bull shark, in which the upper surface of its body is darker than its lower surface. (………………..) ❹Give reason for: - 1. Both the fennec fox and the Arctic fox can adapt to extreme climates. 2. The fennec fox has extra-large ears, while the Arctic fox has small ears. 3. The fennec fox and the Arctic fox adapted to eat different kinds of food. 4. Some animals undergo camouflage. 5. The bull shark has sharp teeth. 6. In fresh water, a bull shark finds less competition in finding food. 7. Each eye of the panther chameleon works independently. 8. The panther chameleon has V-shaped feet and a long sticky tongue. ❺What happens if……………? 1. The panther chameleon is exposed to danger. 2. The bull shark moves from salt water to fresh water. 14  Science – Grade 4 ❻Complete the following sentences: 1. Weaving of blood vessels around each other in penguin's feet is considered …………………...adaptation, while migration of birds to certain regions is considered as ………………… adaptation. 2. Tan-colored coat in fennec fox is considered………………….…adaptation, while it’s panting to stay cool is considered………………………..adaptation. 3. Among animals that live in hot environments are……………….foxes. While…………….foxes live in cold environments. 4. Extra-large ears allow heat to escape to cool the bodies of…………….foxes. While short ears and legs help the………….foxes stay warm. 5. Short ears of arctic fox is considered…………..adaptation, while it’s staying in burrows to be warm is considered…………..adaptation. 6. A burrow is an excellent place for the………..fox to stay warm at night and for the……………………...fox to stay cool during the day. 7. The fur color of arctic fox is…………..winter but turns into…………..in summer. 8. Countershading strategy of the bull shark is considered……………………..adaptation. 9. Eyes of chameleon move independently of each other, this is considered as…………………………adaptation. 10. Chameleon puffs up its body with air for defence which is considered……………adaptation, while its V-shaped feet is considered…………………….adaptation Give only one example of behavioral adaptation in each of the following animals: 1. Fennec fox (……………………………………………………………..) 2. Starred agama lizard (…………………………………………………..) 3. Bull shark(……………………………………………………………..) 4. Panther chameleon (……………………………………………………………) Cross out the odd word: 1. Penguin - Polar bear - Fennec fox - Arctic fox. 2. Fennec fox - Starred agama lizard - Panther chameleon - Bull shark. 15  Science – Grade 4 Lesson 2 part (b) Plant adaptation Plants like animals they have both structural and behavioral adaptation Examples on plant structural adaptation: plant habitat structural Reason adaptation 1-waterlily Wetland wide leaves To absorb and floaty sunlight 2-Palm tree desert thick trunk To resist strong and small wind leaves 3-pine tree snow triangular To allow the shape leaves snow to slide easy over it. Small needle To prevent losing leaves water 4-Mangroove tree salt water To hold on in the Long and waves strong root 6-Barbary fig desert sharp spines To prevent animals from eating it. 16  Science – Grade 4 Examples of terrific trees adaptation ❶ Acacia tree ✓ It grows in savannah forest. ✓ Almost no rain falls in the dry season ✓ savannah is characterized by extreme lack ✓ of water during the dry season. 5 1 6 4 7 3 2 17  Science – Grade 4 Type of adaptation Characteristic Reason 1-umbella shape To hold in water and with small leaves absorb sunlight. Structural 2-long root (tap ) To look for water (35 Adaptation meter) 3- long trunk To store water 4- Tall tree Animal can’t eat its leaves(except Giraffe) 5-sharp spines around leaves To protect it from plant- eater-animals Behavioral 6-produces poison To protect itself from Adaptation when animals eat plant- eater animals. it. To warn trees around it to 7-sends a smelly produce poison. message in the wind Note The trunk in acacia tree stores water as the hump in the camel stores fat. Give reason:- 1. Branches of acacia tree gather on the top of its trunk. To prevent animals from reaching its leaves to feed on. 2. Acacia tree has sharp spines around its leaves. To prevent animals from eating these leave 18  Science – Grade 4 ❷ Kapok tree ✓ It grows in Amazon Rainforest in Brazil. ✓ It’s rainy all the year, and there are huge trees (70 meter tall) that prevent the sunlight ✓ It has strong wind 1 4 2 3 Type of Characteristic Reason adaptation 1- hand-shaped leaves with To reach sunlight. narrow parts To let wind pass without tearing leaves Structural Adaptation 2- buttress Root (5 meters To hold the tree in the above the ground) soggy soil 3- fluffy yellow seed To be easily carried by wind Behavioral 4- Delicious smelling flowers. To attract bats toward it Adaptation 19  Science – Grade 4 Worksheet (3) ❶ Choose the correct answer: 1. It is difficult for rainforest plants to get……………………. a. water. b. wind. c. sunlight. d. oxygen. 2. One of the behavioral adaptations of acacia tree is that……………. a. it has one very long root. b. it has sharp spines around its leaves. c. it has very tall trunk. d. it produces a poison to make bad tasty leaves. 3. Acacia tree trunk and camel hump,…………….. a. both store water. b. both store fat. c. the first stores fat and the second stores water. d. the first stores water and the second stores fat. 4. All of the following properties protect acacia leaves from being eaten by animals, except that………………………. a. they are high enough. b. they are surrounded by sharp spines. c. they are brightly colored. d. they produce a poison. 5. All the following can help plants to grow anywhere except…… a. rains b. sunlight c. Its structure d. moving 6. If the plant is taken from its original habitat and is placed into another environment, It may……………………. a. die b. adapt c. survive d. all the previous 7. The roots of kapok tree are not planted deeply in the soil, because……………… a. the soil contains less water. b. the soil contains more water. c. the climate is very cold. d. the climate is very hot. 8. Kapok tree uses the wind to carry its fluffy yellow seeds across its…………………. a. desert habitat. b. snowy habitat. c. salt water habitat. d. rainforest habitat. 9.If a plant grows in a dry desert, it needs………………..to adapt for getting water. a. long branches. b. long leaves. c. long roots. d. more sunlight. 20  Science – Grade 4 10. If a plant grows in a rainforest, where it is hard to reach sunlight, so it needs………………..to adapt for getting more sunlight. a.small roots b. a very tall trunk c. sharp spines d. a very short trunk 11. If a plant grows in a snow habitat, so it needs all of the following characteristics, except…………………to adapt this habitat. a short branches b. triangular shape c. needle leaves d. wide leaves 12. All of the following are adaptations of different plants to keep animals away from them, except that they ……………………. a produce poison. b.gather their branches high above. c.have delicious-smelling flowers. d.have sharp spines. ❷Write the scientific term: 1-Atree that grow in Southern Africa savannah and it has sharp spine around its leaves (………………..) 2-A structural adaptation of acacia tree that allows it to search for water (………………..) 3-A tree that grows in Amazon rainforest of Brazil and has hand-shaped leaves (………………..) 4-A structural adaptation that prevent the loss of water in pine (………………..) tree 5.A structural adaptation of acacia tree that allows it to search for water. (………………..) 6.A structural adaptation that surrounds the leaves of acacia tree to prevent animals from eating them. (………………..) 7.A tree that grows in Amazon rainforest of Brazil and it has hand- shaped leaves. (………………..) 8.A structural adaptation that fixes the kapok tree in soggy soil and support its trunk. (………………..) 9. A tree that grows in Southern African Savannah and it has sharp spines around its leaves. (………………… 10. A tree lives in salt water habitat and has long, strong roots to resist …..) the water waves (………………..) 21  Science – Grade 4 11. A plant lives in wetland habitat and it has wide leaves to absorb a large amount of sunlight. (………………..) 12. A structural adaptation in water lilies that helps them absorb a large amount of sunlight. (………………..) 13. A structural adaptation that prevents the loss of water in the pine tree. (………………..) ❸Put (√) or (×): 1. Acacia tree doesn`t have behavioral adaptation methods. ( ) 2. Sending warn signals from kapok tree to another is a behavioral adaptation method. ( ) 3. Spines around tree branches of Acacia protect it from being eaten is a structural adaptation method. ( ) 4. Buttress roots of Kapok tree is a structural adaptation method. ( ) 5. Fluffy seeds of Kapok tree that carried by wind, or other living organism is a structural adaptation. ( ) ❹ Give reason:- 1. Wind is important to acacia tree. ………………………………………………….. 2. Kapok tree has hand-shaped leaves……………………………………….. 3. Kapok trees stay firmly rooted in the soggy soil although they are very tall…………………………………………………………………………… 4. Palm trees have thick roots and small leaves…………………………………. 5. Barbary fig has sharp spines……………………………………………………………. ❺What happens if...? 1. The length of acacia taproot doesn't exceed 3 meters downward. 2. The acacia leaves are not guarded by sharp spines. 3. There are no buttress roots in the kapok tree. 4. The pine tree has an umbrella shape not a triangle shape. 22  Science – Grade 4 ❻Complete the following sentences: 1. Acacia tree defends itself by producing………………. that makes leaves taste terrible, while chameleon defends itself by puffing up its……………..with air. 2. Kapok tree grows in Amazon rainforest habitat which has………………soil. 3. The hand-shaped leaves of kapok tree allow to …………………..flow through them gently. 4. The kapok tree spreads the smell of its flowers to attract ……………………towards it. 5. Among the plants that can survive in habitats that have lackage of water are………………and…………………. 6. The leaves of tree in hot weather habitat store water, while the needle leaves of……………….tree in snowy habitat prevent the loss of water. 7. The leaves of water lilies are wide in order to………….. on the water surface and to absorb a large amount of…………….. 8. Drought regions are characterized by lacking of…………..so, their plants adapt by having very long………………….. ❼Cross out the odd word : 1. Taproot - Tiny leaves - Buttress roots - Producing a poison. ( ) 2. Taproot - Hand-shaped leaves - Soggy soil - Buttress roots. ( ) 3. Cactus plant - Barbary fig - Palm tree - Mangrove tree. ( ) 4. Acacia tree - Polar bear - Penguin - Pine tree. ( ) ❽Compare between: Points of comparison Acacia tree Kapok tree 1. Type of roots: 2. Shape of leaves: 23  Science – Grade 4 Lesson 3 Digestive system In one day, your body needs a lot of energy, so: - Your heart beats around 100,000 times. – You breathe over 20,000 times To get nutrient from food, food must be digested Digestive system system which breaks down food into small pieces. Structure of digestive Structure of digestive system Pharynx small Largr Mouth Esophagus Stomach (throat) intestine intestine Mouth Throat Esophagus Liver Pancreas Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Anus 24  Science – Grade 4 Digestive system starts with mouth and ends with anus Mouth Digestion process starts in mouth Mouth contains: 1-Teeth: chewing food 2-Saliva: A liquid moistens food to facilitate swallowing food 3-Tongue: it mixes food with saliva Esophagus. Its along muscular tube It moves food down into stomach Stomach Its long muscular organ. It mixes food with stomach acid and digestive juices(enzymes) to change food into soupy juice 25  Science – Grade 4 Small intestine It’s a 6-meter-long winding tube Liver and pancreas secrete juice in small intestine to break food into nutrients. It makes complete digestion and absorbs nutrients. Large intestine It absorbs water from undigested food to produce solid waste, so they become solid wastes that leave the body through the anus. Digestion Process of breaking down food into smaller parts to get energy. How can you keep your digestive system healthy? 1-Chew the food well 2-don’t eat much fast food Notes:- System It is a group of organs that work together Digestive system and respiratory system are working together to get energy from food and breathing. 26  Science – Grade 4 Respiratory system Respiratory system System responsible for breathing (respiration) Respiration process A Process by which oxygen gas gets into lungs and get rid of carbon dioxide out of the body jjjjjj Respiratory system consists of Nose Throat Trachea 2 lungs Diaphragm Nose Throat Trachea Lung Diaphragm 27  Science – Grade 4 1 Function of respiratory system organs The first organ in respiratory Nose system Allow air to pass from nose to Throat trachea Trache Allow air to pass to lungs a Lungs it has alveoli which makes gas exchange A muscle helps in inhalation Diaphrag and exhalation. m How the respiratory systems does works During inhalation, the trachea is Blood air enters branched Air carries through the into two sacs(alveo oxygen nose and the bronchi that li) extract gas to all mouth, then to are divided oxygen body the throat until into smaller from the parts to it reaches the tubes called air. do their two bronchioles. functions lungs 1 2 3 4 28  Science – Grade 4 2 Mechanism of respiration includes:- Inhalation Exhalation 1. Diaphragm contracts and moves 1. Diaphragms relaxes and down moves up. 2. Oxygen gas enters two lungs. 2. Carbon dioxide is expelled 3. Chest size increases. outside the body. 3. Chest size decreases. Diaphragm A large muscle that directs Inhalation and exhalation processes. How can you keep your respiratory system healthy? 1. Avoid smoking 2. Breathe in clear air 3. Eat healthy food rich in vitamin c 29  Science – Grade 4 Worksheet (4) ❶Choose the correct answer: 1. All of the following are organs of the digestive system except ……… a. mouth. b. nose. c. stomach d. esophagus. 2. Digestion process begins in the…………………… a. stomach. b. esophagus. c. mouth. d. small intestine. 3. Which of the following organs does not share in breaking down of food? a. Mouth. b. Stomach. c. Lungs. d. Small intestine. 4. The organ that moves the food into the stomach is……………….. a. mouth. b. tongue c. esophagus. d. small intestine. 5. The food passes from the stomach to the……………directly. a. esophagus b. small intestine c. large intestine d.anus 6. The stomach mixes the food with…………to help in digestion of food. a. digestive juices only b. stomach acid only c. saliva and digestive juices d. stomach acid and digestive juices 7. The undigested food pass from the small intestine into the……….. a. liver. b. pancreas. c. brain. d. large intestine. 8. In the large intestine………..…is absorbed from the undigested food. a. starch b.fat c. water d.oil 9. Inside the lungs, the trachea is branched into two tubes known as.. a. alveoli. b. air sacs. c. bronchi. d. blood vessel 10. The oxygen gas moves from air into blood at the………… a. nose. b. throat. c. trachea. d. lungs. 11. The liver and…………….. pour their juices into the small intestine. a. throat b. esophagus c. large intestine d. pancreas 12. The long winding tube that its length is about more than six meters is called………….. a. large intestine. b. small intestine. c. esophagus. d. stomach. 13.The undigested food pass from the small intestine into the …………….. a. liver. b. pancreas. c. brain. d. large intestine. 14. In the large intestine,……… is absorbed from the undigested food, a. starch b. fat c. water d. oil 30  Science – Grade 4 15. The solid wastes of undigested food become useless to the body, so the body must expel them outside through the……………….. a mouth. b. anus. c. large intestine. d. small intestine. 16. All organs of the human digestive system are considered as………………. adaptation. a. only structural b. only behavioral c. structural and behavioral d. neither structural nor behavioral 17. During inhalation, air enters through……………then down the throat. a. nose and trachea b. nose and mouth c. mouth and lungs d. mouth and trachea 18. Inside the lungs, the trachea is branched into two tubes known as…………….. a. alveoli. b. air sacs. c. bronchi. d. blood vessels. 19. The oxygen gas moves from air into blood at the……………… a. nose. b. throat. c. trachea. d. lungs. ❷Write the scientific term: 1. A group of organs that work together perform a specific job.(…………………) 2.A process of breaking down food into smaller parts that the body cells absorb and use to get energy and growth (…………………) 3. The organ where the digestion process begins. (…………………) 5. They present in the mouth and play an important role in crushing of food. (…………………) 6. A liquid substance in your mouth that moistens the bite of food and begins to break it down. (…………………) 7. An organ that has tiny blood vessels to absorb the nutrients through its walls. (…………………) 8. An organ through which solid wastes of digestion leave the body (…………………) 9. A long muscular tube that moves the food down into stomach.(…………………) 10. A process of pulling air in and pushing air out of the body. (…………………) 11. Little air sacs surrounded by blood vessels in respiratory system 12. A large muscle that contracts during breathing in and relaxes(…………………) breathing out (…………………) 31  Science – Grade 4 ❸Complete the following: 1. The human body uses…..……….system to get nutrients from food and uses………………….…. system to get oxygen from air 2. In order for food to become soft …………and……….. …work to mix and grind the food well. 3. In the digestive system, food becomes a soupy liquid in the……………………..while breaks down into nutrients in …………………….. 4 The ………………. is a tube that has muscles to move the food down into the stomach, while……………..is a long winding tube, its length is more than six meters. 5. The longest part of the digestive system where most digestion takes place inside it is………………………… 6. The respiratory system supplies the body with…………….gas and gets rid of ………………………gas 7. Inside the lung, the……………is branched into two bronchi that are divided into smaller tubes called………………………. 8. The……………….. plays an important role in extracting oxygen gas from the air. 9. The…………………plays an important role in carrying oxygen gas to all body parts. 10. At the base of your ribs, there is a large muscle that plays an important role in respiration process known as …………………….. 11. During inhalation process, the diaphragm contracts and moves…………while during exhalation process, the diaphragm expands and moves………………… ❹Give reason: 1. The importance of juices of liver and pancreas. 2. Anus is an important organ in the digestive system. 3. The inhaled air differs from the exhaled air. ❺What happens if...? 1. The small intestine is removed from the human body. 2. The nutrients absorbed by the walls of small intestine enter the tiny blood vessels. 3. The diaphragm moves downward during inhalation. 4. The diaphragm moves upward during exhalation. 32  Science – Grade 4 Lesson 4 How fish breathe? Do you think the respiratory systems of humans and fish are the same? Difference between human and fish They inhale oxygen and exhale carbondioxide inhale oxygn and exhale carbondioxide can live on land They can live under water breath by two lungs breath by gills How do fish breathe under the water? 1) Water enters the mouth of fish, then it passes across gills. 2) The blood vessels carry the oxygen gas to all body parts. Mouth Gills blood vessels all body parts passes passes to carrry oxygn to oxygen to ✓ Water pollution affects fish health. ✓ Fish need clean water to survive. 33  Science – Grade 4 Human Changes the environment human activities that cause changes in the enviroment like : 1-Cutting 2- farming and 3- builing forest clearng land communites 4- air 5- water 6- pollution pollution introducing new plant or animal to an ecosystem Note These changes can cause the disappearance (extinction) of plants and animals that once lived in an environment. How human affected by changes It causes many diseases like: Lunge damage Asthma Heart disease 34  Science – Grade 4 Notes Air pollution makes human hard to breath Soil pollution makes crops can’t grow Water pollution kills fish and makes water not clean The role of human to help restore ecosystem: As humans can cause harmful changes, they can help restore their ecosystems by: - Replanting the cleared forests. - Removing the pollutants of air and water. - Preserving plants and animals in these ecosystems. 35  Science – Grade 4 Worksheet (5) ❶Choose the correct answer:- 1. Unlike humans, fish do not breathe underwater using the ……….. a.skin b. gills c. lungs d. paddles 2. Fish have ……………..to breathe underwater. a.skin b. gills c. lungs d.paddles 3. As fish need clear water to breathe, humans need to ………..drink. a. clear air b. polluted air c. clear water d. polluted water 4. Both of humans and fish……………………….to survive. a. need clear water to breathe b. need oxygen gas and food c. inhale carbon dioxide d. exhale oxygen gas 5. Gills differ from lungs, in that gills………………………………. a. extract oxygen gas from air. c. take in oxygen gas. b expel out carbon dioxide gas. d. extract oxygen gas from water. 6. Environmental pollution is one of the serious problems that impacts………………………. a. humans only b. plants only c. animals only d. all the previous 7. …………….pollution prevents crops from growing. a. air b. soil c. water d. noise 8. Human activities and bad habits can pollute……………of an ecosystem. a. air and soil only b. soil and waterways only c. air and waterways only d. air, soil and waterways 9. Pollution of an ecosystem can affect………………… a. plants and animals only. b. animals and humans only, c. humans and plants only. d. plants, animals and humans ❷Write the scientific term:- 1. Structures that allow fish to breathe under water. (……………………..) 2. A gas presents in air and water, and is very important for breathing process. (……………………..) 3. A gas which the human and fish bodies must get rid of during exhalation process. (……………………..) 4. A kind of pollution that is caused due to throwing waste materials into the waterways and soil. (……………………..) 36  Science – Grade 4 5. A kind of pollution that is caused due to the exhausts from cars and some factories. (…………………..) 6.A human activity that harms the wildlife in forests. (……………………..) 7. A kind of pollution that causes asthma and lungs damage.(……………………..) 8. A kind of pollution that makes the crops die. (……………………..) ❸Complete the following:- 1. Fish have ……….to breathe underwater, while……………… have lungs to extract……………..gas from air. 2. The gills in a fish are considered……………….….adaptation 3. Both humans and fish need clear……………..to survive. 4. ……………..can survive on land, while………………can survive underwater. 5. In fish…………….carry oxygen gas to all body parts. 6. Gills are found on the sides of a fish's………… 7. ……………..pollution impacts the fish health. 8. Gills of fish are considered as………………..adaptation that allow fish 9. All living organisms including humans, animals and………….…..are affected negatively by pollution. 10. One of air pollutants that makes human hard to breathe is……………. 11. When air pollution is very high over a long period of time, it may cause …………..and…………………. heart diseases to humans an ecosystem. ❸Give reason for 1. Gills are unique structural adaptation in fish. ……………………………………………………………………………….. 2. Cars and factories exhausts cause breathing problems. ……………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Sometimes people in big cities are forced to change their lifestyle. ……………………………………………………………………………….. ❹What happens if ……………? 1. Human activities and bad habits increase. 2. Water pollution increases, (for human and animals) 37  Science – Grade 4 Lesson 5 Amphibians They are animals live on land and water, such as: Frogs toads Salamanders Respiration in amphibians On land in water They breathe by lungs. They breathe by skin. Ninety species of amphibians have become extinct in the last 20 years in addition to 124 other endangered species. Frogs need clean water to stay healthy, so they are sensitive to: 1-water and air pollution 2- viruses that can travel through water ✓ How can you help the Golden frog from extinction?  ………………………………………….…………… ……………. Can you answer? How the amphibians get oxygen from water? The skin of amphibian is always moist, so they can absorb oxygen directly from water 38  Science – Grade 4 Worksheet (6) ❶Choose the correct answer:- 1 Both of human and fish…………………. a. can breathe in air. b. can breathe in the water c. use oxygen gas to breathe in. c. use carbon dioxide gas to breath in 2. Fish use…………..to breathe in water. a. tail b. eyes c. lungs d. gills 3. Gills differ from lungs, in that gills…………………….. a. take in oxygen gas. b. expel out carbon dioxide gas c. extract oxygen gas from water. d. extract oxygen from the air 4. Gills in fish are considered as …………………….. a. behavioural adaptation, c. camouflage adaptation. d. structural adaptation 5. Amphibians can take in oxygen gas from………………… a. water only. b. air only c. food and air d. water and air. 6. In rainforests, we can find……………………… a. panther chameleon and arctic foxes. b. amphibians and fennec foxes. c. arctic foxes and fennec foxes. d. panther chameleon and amphibians. 7. If the number of an animal species becomes zero due to severe changes in natural habitat, this means that this species a. becomes endangered. b. becomes extinct, c. will survive. d. going to be extinct. 8. Both humans and amphibians breathe in oxygen. Which of the following sentences is correct? a. Both can breathe in oxygen gas through lungs. b. Both can take in oxygen gas through skin. c. Humans can breathe in oxygen gas from water and air. d. Amphibians can breathe in oxygen gas through gills. 9. Blood vessels that carry oxygen gas in amphibians, present in……… a. skin and digestive system. b. lungs and eyes. c. digestive system and eyes. d.skin and lungs 39  Science – Grade 4 9. Amphibians, lizards, trees, birds, fish and humans……………………… a. some of them need oxygen gas to respire. b. some of them need carbon dioxide gas to respire. c. all of them need oxygen gas to respire. d. all of them need carbon dioxide gas to respire. ❷Put () or (×) 1. The natural habitat of amphibians is rainforest, while that of ( ) panther chameleon is desert. 2. The number of amphibians increases in the last few years, due to ( ) restoring of its ecosystem. 3. Arctic foxes and amphibians cannot be found in the same habitat. ( ) 4. Salamanders and fish can breathe in air through lungs. ( ) 5. In the habitat of amphibians, we can find some types of reptiles. ( ) 6. Scientists try to save golden frogs from extinction. ( ) 7. Clean water and air are very important for respiration process in ( ) amphibians. 8. It is important to advice people not to throw waste materials in ( ) waterways to save amphibians' life. ❸Write the scientific term of each of the following 1. Structures that allow fish to breathe under water. (……………..) 2. A gas presents in air and water, and is very important for (……………..) breathing. 3. A gas which the human and fish bodies must get rid of during (……………..) exhalation process 4. A kind of pollution that is caused due to throwing waste (……………..) materials into the waterways and soil. 5. Species that include frogs, toads and salamanders. (……………..) 6. A respiratory organ that contains little sacs, and found in (……………..) humans, frogs and cows but not in fish. 7. Structures that allow fish to breathe under water. (……………..) ❹Complete the following sentences: 1. Humans use………………to breathe, while fish use……… to breathe. 2. in both human and fish……………….carries oxygen gas to all the body parts. 40  Science – Grade 4 3. Gills of fish are considered as…………………..adaptation that allow fish to breathe under water. 4. Human activities and bad habits can pollute………………and soil of an ecosystem. 5. All living organisms including humans, animals and plants are affected negatively by………………………… 6. One of air pollutants that makes human hard to breathe is …………………. 7. Starred agama lizard is a………………….., while frog is an………………….. 8. The ability of amphibians to take in oxygen gas from water through the skin, is considered as ……………………….. adaptation. 8.All living organisms breathe in oxygen gas and gives out…………..as a waste product. 9.Pollution of……………..and……………….. may cause a big problem on the amphibians survival. ❺Give reasons for: 1. Skin of fish is different from that of frog, although both of them live in water. 2. Dry seasons is very harmful for amphibians. 3. Pollution of air and water can affect the survival of amphibians. 4. Scientists must study how amphibians interact with their environments. ❻What happens if …………….? 1. Human activities and bad habits increase. 2. The exhausts from cars and factories increase in big cities 3. Water pollution increases, (for human and fish). 4. Salamanders have lungs only to respire. 5. Skin of frogs becomes dry. 6. Pollution level increases in the natural habitat of amphibians. 41  Science – Grade 4 Evaluation on Concept 1.1 ❶Choose the correct answer: 1. All of these are belong to respiratory system except……….……. a. Nose b.lung c.trachea d.Esophagus 2. Oxygen gas moves from air to blood at the …………….. a. Nose b.throat c.trachea d.Lungs 3. ………………………….contains air sacs called alveoli. 4. Adult frog inhale oxygen from water by…………………….. a. Lungs b. Skin c.Gills d. Ears 5. All of these are amphibians except………………… a.frogs b. toads c. lizards d. Salamanders 6. The structural adaptation of pine tree which enables them to let the snow slide is……………. a. umbrella shaped canopy b. Flat – leaves c. triangular leaves d. Wide leaves 7. All the following structural adaptation of panther chameleon except………….. a. V – shaped feet b.independent eye sight for each one c. Coil-like tail d. change its scales colour when it feel danger 8. From the methods of structural adaptation of desert plant to survive in the extreme climate condition is………………. a. branched root b.deep root c. store water in their stem d. all the previous 9. Mangroove tree has strong long roots in order to………………. a. withstands in front of strong waves b. absorb shallow water c. absorb underground water d. all the pervious 10……is/are from the digestive enzymes that help indigestion of food a. bile and pancreatic b. gastric c. saliva d.all the previous 11. The remaining soil wastes are ejected out of the body through………… a. Large intestine b. Stomach c. esophagus d. anus 42  Science – Grade 4 ❷Compete the following: 1. Adaptation in living organism are classified into …………………..and……………………………. 2. The heat transfers from the vessel that carry……………...blood under the skin to the vessel that carry……………blood, in order to keep the feet of arctic animal warm. 3. Fennec fox has long ears to……………………..its body temperature and strong….............................sense, while arctic fox has……………….leg and……………..to keep its body warm 3. Countershading phenomenon of bull shark is a method of…………………..……adaptation. 4. The digestive system starts with …………………….and end with…………… ❸Compare between : Points of comparison Inhalation Exhalation 1. Diaphragm movement: 2. Size of chest cavity : 3. The air is rich in : …………..gas …………..gas. ❹Cross out the odd word : 1. Saliva - Stomach - Esophagus - Small intestine. 2. Mouth - Lungs - Stomach - Large intestine. 3. Nose - Throat - Trachea - Anus. 43  Science – Grade 4 ❺Look at the following figure, then answer the following question: (A)This figure represents the………system 1……………………………………….. 2……………………………………… 3……………………………………… 4……………………………………… 5…………………………………… 6…………………………………. (B)This system is responsible for………..…..and it is called…………..….system. 1………………………………… 2……………………………… 3……………………………… 4……………………………….. 5……………………………… 6……………………………… 7……………………………… (c) Figure (1) Figure (2) 1. What is the name of this animal and where does this animal live? 2. Figure (1) represents this animal in ……………….season, while figure (2) represents this animal in…………………………season. 3. Why does the fur color of this animal change between summer and winter seasons?.................................................................. 4. Mention one structural adaptation and one behavioral adaptation in this animal.to adapt and survive in its environment: - Structural adaptation :………………………………………………………………….. - Behavioral adaptation :………………………………………………………………………… 44  Science – Grade 4 Concept 1.2 Senses at work Lesson (1) Senses at work Animals have senses like humans that enable them to communicate with each other and adapt to their surrounding environments. Example (1):- Egyptian Mongooses ❖ It makes sounds (Chatters) to communicate with other Mongooses to : 1-move from one place to another Or 2- Searching for food. Example (2) Dolphins Dolphins can use the sense of "echolocation To locate the prey and communicate in the water. ❑ How do Dolphins locate things: ❑ Dolphins produce sound waves through water. ❑ When the waves hit an object, it returns back to the dolphin. ❑ Echo helps the dolphin to locate the prey. Echo: - The bouncing back of sound waves when they hit a solid surface. 45  Science – Grade 4 Using five senses Living sense purpose organism Hearing and To find the prey in sight the dark Owl Hearing and To avoid danger sight Fox Sight Chameleon search for food Smell tasting Avoid danger Smell For guarding Sight and recognizing Dog hearing friends All senses Identifying objects Monkey 46  Science – Grade 4 Worksheet (1) ❶Choose the correct answer:- 1. To know if a cup of water is hot or cold, we need to use the sense……….. a. sight. b. hearing. c. smell. d. touch. 2. We can distinguish between water and milk through …………………. a. taste and hearing. b. sight and hearing. c. smell and hearing. d. taste and sight. 3. If there is some salt in a dish and some sugar in another dish, you can distinguish between them through the sense of ………….. a. smell. b. taste. c. touch. d. hearing. 4. ………………….communicate together by producing sound like a chatter. a. Bull sharks b. Egyptian mongooses c. Penguins d. polar bear 5. Echo helps bats and dolphins to locate ……….. of their preys. a. the location b. the color c the smell d. the taste 6. Dolphins depend on their sharp sense of to get food. a. sight b. taste c smell d. hearing ❷Complete the following:- 1. Egyptian mongooses communicate together by producing …………….….that seem to us as…………… 2. A dolphin uses a property called………………………to locate its prey underwater, as it has a sharp sense of……………….. 3. Echo is the reflection of…………….when it hits an object. 4. We use our……………..sense to differentiate between hot and cold cups of water. 5. Foxes use their sharp senses of……….and……………….to avoid danger. 6. Dogs use their sharp senses of…………and …………. to recognize……… 47  Science – Grade 4 ❸Write the scientific term:- 1. The property that depends on the sense of hearing through which dolphins locate their preys under water. (………………….) 2. The organ used to recognize different colours. (…………………...) 3. The organ used to recognize different odours. (…………………..) 4. The sense used to differentiate between smooth and rough surfaces. 5. The return back of sound waves on hitting a solid surface. (……………) ❹Give reason:- 1. Owls can hunt during the night. ……………………………………………………….. 2. Dogs are used in guarding ………………………………………………………………… 3. Dolphins can hear all kinds of sound. ………………………………………………… 4. The Egyptian mongoose make sounds……………………………………………… ❺Correct the underline word:- 1. The dolphin has sharp sense of touch. 2. The fox uses its tail and ears to run away when it sees or hears its enemies. 3. The dog uses its eyes to recognize odour of humans. ❻ What happens when the sound waves produced by a dolphin hit an object under water?....................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 48  Science – Grade 4 Lesson (2) Sensory organs of nocturnal animals Can objects be seen easily and located in the dark? Yes No An owl can see its prey in the dark during night-time? Yes No Nocturnal animals They are animals that mainly active at night to look for their food Nocturnal animals are active at night. (G.R) Because: - 1. Some areas may suffer from the very high temperature during the day and the animal go to search for food at night 2. Some animals depend on darkness to hide from their preys. 3. Some animal’s food is only available at night. How can nocturnal animal catch their preys at night without the need of light? Example 1.Bats Use Echolocation. To know the place of their prey 49  Science – Grade 4 (2)Super senses of Owls (A)Bowl-shaped face and (B) large Owl's Eyes specialized head feather To see tiny , faraway To pick up distant sounds and movment of amplify them animals direct the distant sounds directly into owl`s ears. (B)Owl's Head Rotates in all directions to search for prey. 50  Science – Grade 4 Nervous system ✓ Senses work together with the nervous system to gather information from the environment. ✓ Mammals such as humans, elephants and dogs have the same structure of nervous system. Nervous System consists of :- (1) Brain (2) Spinal cord (3) Nerves It’s a big nerve runs through the They carry the The main control backbone message from center our body It carries the brain to spinal message from the cord or to body brain to other body parts parts and vice versa. The brain is connected by spinal cord through backbone Spinal cord branches distributed through the body. Some nerves are connected directly to the brain like ( eyes-heart) 51  Science – Grade 4 How information reaches the brain through the senses? Fives sensory organs have special nerves called (sensory receptors) (Sensory receptors) They receive the information from the environment Pizza and Nervous system When you smell a pizza, you receive this information from the sensory receptors in your nose. The sensory receptors in your nose send electrical impulses to the brain. The brain translates the information, processes it and gives a response. ……………………………… ……………………………… ……………………………… 52  Science – Grade 4 Sensing the environment What happen ….. When you touch spines of cactus plant. You move your hand quickly. When rat hears a snake, It jumps fast in one second Reaction time It is the time taken by a living organism to respond to danger. Egyptian Jerboa ❖ It’s considered from desert rodents. ❖ It is a tiny animal with very large ears and small eyes and long hind legs. Adaptation in jerboa To jump long Structural 1. It has long distances. adaptation hind legs To help it catch sand Behavioral 2. Jerboa `s feet when it jumps in adaptation and toes have zigzag paths to run hairs quickly from danger To help it to hear Structural 3. Jerboa has snake. adaptation large ears How Jerboa stays safe? On hearing danger ❑ The sensory receptors in the ears send message by nerves to the brain ❑ Brain translates this information and gives respond to legs to jump away from danger. 53  Science – Grade 4 Worksheet (2) ❶Complete the following sentences:- 1. Echolocation is used by some animals such as ……………and………………… 2. Owls can detect the places of their preys by using sense of ………………and…………… 3. An owl can see everywhere by turning it’s…………………in all directions, while a chameleon can see everywhere by moving it’s………………… opposite directions. 4. The brain is connected to a group of nerves that passes through the backbone which is known as the……………………. 5. Information are transmitted from the sensory organs to the brain in the form………………..…… through nerves 6. The nervous system consists of ……………..,……………………, and,……………………. 7. When the Egyptian jerboa is in danger, it starts to run a way , this action occurs in very short time is called ………………….. 8. The Egyptian jerboa and fennec fox has an excellent sense of ……………………… 9. The Egyptian jerboa has long ………………… help it jump for long distances, and it has hair on is feet to help it ………………………… 10. Hopping of Egyptian jerboa in zigzag pattern is considered as …………….adapatation. ❷Choose the correct answers 1. The senses you depend on to find a small radio that produces low sound in a dark room are………………………… a. hearing and smell. b. touch and taste c. smell and taste. d. hearing and touch. 2. The responsible system for moving your hand away from danger, such as touching a hot cup of tea, is the…………….system. a. digestive b. respiratory c. nervous d. urinary 3. When snakes make a noise, the sensory receptors found in jerboa's………..send a warning message to the brain. a. ears b. nose c. feet d. teeth 54  Science – Grade 4 4. The brain is the main control center in the body, so it can deal With………………at the same time. a. two senses only b. three senses only c four senses only d. all the five senses 5. Animals that become active at night are called…………………… a. diurnal animals. b. nocturnal animals, c. extinct animals. d. endangered animals. 6. When your hand touches the spines of a cactus plant, it is withdrawn in………….…. a. less than one second. b. one minute. c two minutes. d. one hour. 7. Owls have all the following properties to sense distant preys that make low sounds, except……………………………… a. large eyes. b. a bowl-shaped face. c. a head that turns in all directions. d. weak sense of hearing. 8. The owl's large eyes and bowl-shaped face are considered as…………………….adaptation. a. only structural b. only behavioural c. both structural and behavioral d. neither structural nor behavioral 9. Flying bats don't hit different objects at night because they can……………… a. see them clearly in darkness. b touch them. c. smell them. d. hear the echo reflected from them. 10. Some animals become active during the night due to the following reasons, except that………………. a. the night is characterized by the cool weather. b. the night is a good time for relaxation and rest. c. the night is quiet, so that they can hear preys. d. the night is a time when preys are available. 55  Science – Grade 4 ❸Write the scientific term:- 1. A group of different animals that look for their preys at night. (……………….) 2. A Property by which a bat can locate its prey insects through the (……………….) (……………….) sound reflected from them. 3. An animal that can turn its head backwards, and has a bowl-shaped face and large eyes (……………….) 4. A system that controls all the body functions, and nerves are one of its parts (……………….) 5. The organ responsible for processing information transmitted to (……………….) it, then send messages to the sensory organs. 6. An organ composed of a group of nerves located in the backbone,(……………….) and sends messages from and to the brain. 7. Organs include the eyes, nose, ears, tongue and skin, and they receive (……………….) information from the surroundings and send it to the brain. 8. A type of nerves in the sensory organs that is responsible for receiving (……………….) information from the environment. 9. The time taken by an organism’s body to response to different (……………….) reactions. 10. A desert rodent with a small body, large ears and long hind legs. (……………….) ❺ Arrange how the brain interprets information.Nerves in the body connect sensory organs to the brain.. The sensory organ receives information from the environment.. The brain determines what to do with the information.. Signals move like electrical pulses from organs to the nerves until they reach the brain ❺Correct the underline word: 1. The digestive system delivers messages through a network of nerves around all body parts. 56  Science – Grade 4 2. The long hind legs of jerboa are considered as behavioral adaptation. 3. The spinal cord passes through the mouth. 4. The organ that is responsible for receiving, processing and responding to information is the heart. 5. A jerboa's feet and toes are covered with feathers. 6. The sense of sight of owls is weaker than that in bats. 7. When your hand touches the spines of cactus plant, you move it away slowly. 8. Tongue is the sensory organ that is responsible for smelling sour lemon. 9. When a bat sends a sound against a wall, it returns to it. This phenomenon is called camouflage ❻Give reason: 1. Owls have bowl-shaped faces. 2. Bats can catch insects in the dark. 3. Owl is a nocturnal animal. 4. The Egyptian jerboa can jump for long distances. 5. The presence of hair on the Egyptian jerboa's feet and toes. 6. The Egyptian jerboa's ears play a very important role in its survival. 7. Animals that live in hot regions become active at night ❼What happen if ….? 1. Bats lose the ability to hear by using echolocation property. 2. Owls cannot turn their heads in all directions. 3. Your hand touches the spines of a barbary fig plant. 4. The Egyptian jerboa hears a snake moves towards it. 57  Science – Grade 4 Lesson 3 How the Nervous system works. 1. It gathers information through the sensory organs Function 2. It makes sense of (translates) this information through of the brain. Nervous system 3. It tells the body what to do according to this information. Example When the ears pick up sound waves coming from a chirping bird. The nerves in the ears send a message to the brain, which translates these sound waves Then, the brain sends a message to the body about what to do, such as turn to look for the bird on a tree Notes 1. Some messages, called "reflexes”, are so fast that you cannot realize it such as moving your hand away when touching a very hot cup of tea. 2. Other messages are sent from and to the brain automatically, like the signal to breathe. 58  Science – Grade 4 Worksheet ❶Choose the correct answer: 1. The reaction time is always…………..………… a. less than one second. b. about four minutes. c. about three minutes. d. about two minutes. 2. Recognizing thunder and lightning depends on the senses of…………. a. hearing and sight. b. sight and smell, c. hearing and touch. d. hearing and taste. 3. When you see a car coming towards you………………,to get away from it. a. sensory receptors in the ears send a signal to the brain first b. sensory receptors in the eyes send a signal to the brain first c. sensory receptors in the eyes send a signal to sensory receptors in the ears d. sensory receptors in the ears send a signal to sensory receptors in the eyes 4. When you hear a fire alarm and smell a smoke odour, all of the following help to escape the fire, except…………………… a.sensory receptors in the nose and eyes. b. digestive system. c. different body muscles d. nerves, spinal cord and brain. 5. ………….sends message to the brain a. Nerves b. Nervous system c. Brain 6. The brain is a part of………….system a.digestive system b. Nervous c. respiratory 7. The nervous system gather information from the environment through and then process them by........................... a. brain - nerves. b. nerves - sensory organs, c. sensory organs - brain. d. spinal cord - brain. 5. You opened the door of your house when you heard the doorbell. Which of the following statements explains the sequence of messages inside your body in this situation ?................ a. Ears>>>brain>>> hand. b. Ears>>>hand >>>brain. c. Brain>>>ears>>>hand. d. Brain -- >>> hand>>>ears. 59  Science – Grade 4 6.You pass the football to a player in your team. Which of the following statements explains the sequence of messages inside your body in this situation? a. Feet >>>nerves>>>> brain b. Nerves>>>>brain>>>>>.feet. c. Nerves>>>>feet>>>> brain. d. Brain>>>>>>nerves>>>>>feet. 7.If you smell smoke from something burning nearby, then you realized you had to move away fast. This means that there is an integration between the…………….in this situation. a.digestive system and respiratory system b.digestive system and nervous system c.respiratory system and nervous system d.nervous system and urinary system ❷Complete the following 1. The …………….is the organ that sends information to the brain when you smell a perfume. 2. The spinal cord is a big……………that passes through the…………………..…of the human body. 3. If you come near your dog, its nose sends a message through the nerves to its……………. alerting it that you are coming. 4. When you touch a very hot object, your hand moves away quickly, this action is known as…………………… 5. When you hear a train horn,……..……….in the ears send a message through a network of nerves to reach the……..… 5. The…………..is the organ that is responsible for gathering surrounding sounds, while the ……………is the organ that is responsible for gathering different odors. 6. When an owl hears the sound of a prey, sensory receptors in……………...…..the send information through nerves to the……………………to be processed. 60  Science – Grade 4 ❸Write the scientific term of each of the following : 1. It delivers messages between the spinal cord and different body organs. (………..……..) 2. The organs that receive information from the surrounding environment. (………………..) 3. The sensory organ that can distinguish between sharp and rough voices. (…………………) 4. A sense by which you can recognize the sour taste of lemon. (…………………….) 5. They are messages sent by the nervous system that are often so fast that you cannot realize them. (……………….) ❹Give reasons for: 1. Humans can recognize the sounds of different musical instruments. 2. The brain has an important function in the nervous system. ❺ What happens if...? 1. The spinal cord became absent from the components of the nervous system. ❺ Correct the underlined words : 1. The muscles in the sensory organs within your body are responsible for receiving information from the surrounding environment. 2.When your eyes are closed, you can distinguish between your brother's voice and your friend's voice, depending on your sense of sight. 61  Science – Grade 4 Lesson (4) How animals use communication system? How can humans and animals send and receive information by different communication systems? Speaking Humans Some animals Making flash light communicate can by : communicate by using traffic signs Using songs Animals don’t talk like humans, but they use other ways like sound energy. The Sound maybe: High-pitched (Sharp) Low pitched (Harsh) Sound of bird or woman Sound of men and lion 62  Science – Grade 4 ❶ Humpback Whales Communication Humpback whales sing under water to communicate with each other, where the; sing a wide range of notes (tones) and a series of songs. In winter months In summer months (Mating season) (Feeding season) Whales sing by high-pitched Whales sing by low-pitched Sound (sharp sound), which Sound (rough sound), which travels better in cold water. travels better in warm water. ❷ Communication in Ants Ants live in colonies that contain Nurse ants send smelly message thousands of individuals. to scout ants if the food is low. The scout ants respond by sending a smelly message to alert other ants. To search for food The solider ants also use smells to communicate if there is danger nearby. 63  Science – Grade 4 Technology inspired by Nature Echolocation: It is a technique used by bats to find the location of the prey. How the bat use echolocation? This sound hits something Bat listens for Bat makes a high – the echo and nearby the bat, and reflects pitched sound knows the back to it in form of echo location. Bat inspired technology Vibrating cane for blind people. 1. When the blind person is walking the special cane produces a high- pitched sound like bats do. 2. The echo of high -pitched sound is picked up by this special cane. 5. This echo turns to vibration that the person can feel with his thump. special cane of blind person Bat 3. Similarities Special cane and bat produce a high-pitched sound. They receive the echo, that can tell how away objects are. Differences 4. This echo turns to vibration The bat picks up the echo and that the person can feel with don’t turn it into vibration his thump. Note: Humans can’t hear the pitched sounds produced from both bat and special cane of