Concept 1 Adaptation and Survival Part 1 PDF

Al Tamayuz in Science G4th First Term Prepared by Dr/ Zeinab Salah ‫للتواصل وحجز مجموعات اﻷونﻼين على برنامج الزووم‬ Tel: 01014731686 Dr/ Zeinab Salah 0 Tel: 01014731686 ...

Al Tamayuz in Science G4th First Term Prepared by Dr/ Zeinab Salah ‫للتواصل وحجز مجموعات اﻷونﻼين على برنامج الزووم‬ Tel: 01014731686 Dr/ Zeinab Salah 0 Tel: 01014731686  Unit 1: Living Systems Concept 1: Adaptation and survival Ecosystem Is a habitat in which living organisms live. Adaptation  Is a characteristic of living organisms that allows them to change over generations and help them to survive and reproduce in the ecosystem  Changes that improve special survival in the environment. Types of Adaptation Structural adaptation Behavioral adaptation  Change in the structure of  Change in the behaviors or the animal’s body. acts of a group of animals. (physical adaptation)  Ex. Migration of animals.  Ex. Long neck of giraffe. Extinction Disappearance (death) of living organisms because they can’t adapt to the conditions of its environment. Ex. Dinosaurs, and mammoth (number = zero) Dr/ Zeinab Salah 1 Tel: 01014731686  Adaptation in some animals 1- Penguins Habitat Antarctica (one of the coldest places on the earth) (Polar or arctic climate). Penguin keep its body warm in the freezing cold by: Structural adaptation 1- Feet: warm blood vessels and cold blood vessels weave around each other. (Blood vessels bring cold blood up from the feet, but bring warm blood down to the feet). 2- Insulating layer of fat and thick downy feathers: trap warm air against the skin. 3- Toes’ feet: have no feather, no fat. 2- Bears Polar bear Brown and dark bear Habitat arctic region (polar climate) Forests 1- Thick fur: helps it to stay Dark or brown fur: to warm in cold environment. blends in with the trees 2- White fur: to blends in with while hunting. Structural adaptation the snow while hunting. Dr/ Zeinab Salah 2 Tel: 01014731686  Camouflage An example of adaptation in which some animals hide from their predators and preys by blending in with their environment. 3- foxes Arctic fox Fennec fox Habitat tundra (arctic desert in winter) Hot deserts 1- Thick fur: helps it to stay 1- Sandy (tan)-colored Structural adaptation warm in cold environment fur: to hide in sandy, 2- White fur during winter rocky home, and protect and turns brown in summer: it from hot sun. helps it to hide in any season. 2- Extra, large and 3- Short ears and legs: helps it special shape of ears: to stay warm. allow excellent hearing, 4- Special shape of ears: allow and loss of heat to cool excellent hearing. its body. 1- Lives in burrows: to stay 1- Pants like dogs: to warm. cool its body. Behavioral adaptation 2- Eat different kinds of food: 2- Lives in burrows: to like insects, fruits, plant roots. stay cool in sunny days. 3- Eat different kinds of food: like insects, fruits, plant roots. Dr/ Zeinab Salah 3 Tel: 01014731686 Note: Caracal is similar to fennec fox in: 1- Live in desert. 2- Having sandy (tan)-colored fur. 4- Bull shark Habitat Fresh and salt water 1- Body: adapts to live in fresh water which is a unique advantage over other sharks adaptation Structural 2- Sharp teeth: to sneak up its preys and tear their flesh 3- Difference in body colours (countershading): dark back and white belly provide camouflage to hunt and hide 1- Eat different kinds of food Behavioral adaptation 2- Hunts in the day and in the night Note: Bull sharks have less competition for finding food in fresh water Because there are no other sharks live in fresh water. 5- Lizards From reptiles a) Panther chameleon Habitat Tropical rainforest Dr/ Zeinab Salah 4 Tel: 01014731686  1- Brightly Colorful scales: provide camouflage with adaptation green leaves and colorful flowers. Structural 2- Eyes move in opposite directions: allow hunting and avoiding becoming a prey. 3- Very long sticky tongue: to hunt insects. 4- V-shaped feet and a tail like a hand: to hold tightly the branches of trees. Scare its attacker by: Behavioral adaptation 1- Puffs up its body with air. 2- Open its mouth wide. 3- Changes the colors of its scales. b) Starred agama lizard (desert lizard) Habitat Very hot deserts Structural Colorful scales: make them hard to see among the adaptation rocks (camouflage) Behavioral Looks for shade during hot sunny days: to keep its adaptation body cool Dr/ Zeinab Salah 5 Tel: 01014731686  Adaptation in some plants 1- Terrific trees Umbrella-shaped trees a) Acacia tree b) Kapok tree Habitat Savannah forest Amazon rainforest (grassland habitat, mild (easy to find water, temperature, difficult to find difficult to get sunlight, water, drought condition) strong winds) 1- Roots: very long, grows 1- Roots: large, wide, downward (taproot), searches grow up (up to 5m) Structural adaptation for water. on its trunk to firmly 2- Trunk: very long to prevent hold the tree. animals reach and feed on its 2- Leaves: hand-shaped leaves, store water. with narrow parts to 3- Leaves: tiny with sharp spines prevent tearing by on its top to hold in water and wind. protect from animals. 4- Gather their branches high above. To defend itself: Uses wind to:  Produce a poison to make the  Send delicious Behavioral adaptation leaves taste very bad. message to attract  Send a smelly message in the bats. wind to other nearby trees to  Carry the tree’s fluffy start making the same poison. yellow seeds across the forest. Dr/ Zeinab Salah 6 Tel: 01014731686 Notes:  The trunk in acacia tree store water as the hump in the camel stores fat.  Giraffe is the only animal that may eat acacia leaves. Plant Habitat Structural adaptation 1-Mangrove tree Salt water Long and strong roots: to resist the waves 2-Water lily Wetland Leaves: wide and float on the water surface to get a big amount of sunlight 3-Palm tree Desert Thick roots and small leaves: to resist the strong wind 4-Pine tree Snow Triangular shape with short branches: to prevent breaking by snow falls Needle leaves: to prevent losing of water 5-Barbary fig Desert Sharp spines: to prevent animals from eating its leaves and fruits Dr/ Zeinab Salah 7 Tel: 01014731686