unit 1 CMT.pdf

COMPUTER MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING By Assistant Professor B D Chaudhary +91 9723500389 [email protected]  UNIT-1 What is a computer? A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve,...

COMPUTER MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING By Assistant Professor B D Chaudhary +91 9723500389 [email protected]  UNIT-1 What is a computer? A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos. Prof. B D Chaudhary What are the different types of computers? Desktop computers Laptop computers Tablet computers Servers Prof. B D Chaudhary Components of a Computer Hardware Software Prof. B D Chaudhary Hardware Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory (RAM) Storage Motherboard: Power Supply Unit Graphics Processing Unit Input Devices Output Devices Networking Components Prof. B D Chaudhary Software Components Operating System Device Drivers: Applications: Utilities: Operating System (OS): The primary software that manages hardware and software resources. Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android. Device Drivers: Software that allows the operating system to communicate with hardware components. Applications: Programs designed for end-users, such as word processors, web browsers, and games. Utilities: System management tools, such as antivirus software, disk cleaners, and backup tools. Prof. B D Chaudhary Motherboard The main circuit board that connects all components, allowing them to communicate with each other. It provides the foundation for the CPU, RAM, and other peripherals to function harmoniously. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Acts as the brain of the computer, processing instructions and controlling the operations of other components. Random Access Memory(RAM) erves as the computer’s short-term memory, temporarily storing data that the CPU needs quick access to while performing tasks. Prof. B D Chaudhary Graphics Card or Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Manages and enhances video and graphics performance, which is especially important in gaming, video editing, and other graphics-intensive applications. storage Devices: Hard Disk Drives (HDD) Solid-State Drives (SSD) Permanently store software, documents, and other files. HDDs use mechanical platters and a moving read/write head to access data, while SSDs use non-volatile flash memory. Power Supply Unit (PSU) Converts the AC power from the wall outlet into the DC power that the computer components require. Prof. B D Chaudhary Connectivity and Ports USB Ports: HDMI/VGA Ports: Audio Jacks: Ethernet Port: Expansion Slots: USB Ports: For connecting peripherals like keyboards, mice, and storage devices. HDMI/VGA Ports: For connecting monitors and projectors. Audio Jacks: For connecting headphones, microphones, and speakers. Ethernet Port: For wired network connections. Expansion Slots: For adding additional cards, like extra GPUs, sound cards, or network cards. Prof. B D Chaudhary Operating Systems (OS) An operating system (OS) is the fundamental software that manages a computer's hardware and software resources. It acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer, making it easier to interact with the machine. Basic Functions of an OS Process Management: Controls the execution of programs and processes. Allocates CPU time to different processes. Handles process creation, termination, and scheduling. Memory Management: Allocates and deallocates memory to different processes. Manages virtual memory to provide the illusion of more memory than physically available. File Management: Organizes and stores data on storage devices. Creates, deletes, and modifies files and directories. Provides mechanisms for file access and sharing. Input/Output (I/O) Management: Handles communication between the computer and external devices. Controls data transfer between devices and memory. Manages device drivers to interact with specific hardware Prof. B D Chaudhary  Error Handling: Detects and handles errors that occur during system operation. Provides error messages and recovery options. Security: Protects system resources from unauthorized access. Implements user authentication and authorization. Encrypts data to ensure confidentiality. Examples of Operating Systems: Windows macOS Linux Android iOS Software Software is a set of instructions that tells a computer how to perform specific tasks It can be categorized into two main types System Software Application Software Prof. B D Chaudhary What is a Network? Definition: A network is a group of computers and devices linked together to share information and resources. Purpose: To enable communication and sharing between devices Basic Networking Concepts: Local Area Network (LAN) A LAN is a network that connects devices within a limited area such as a home, office, or building. Wide Area Network (WAN) A WAN is a network that spans a large geographic area, often a country or continent. Metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that connects computers within a metropolitan area, which could be a single large city, multiple cities and towns, or any given large area with multiple buildings. A MAN is larger than a local area network (LAN) but smaller than a wide area network Prof. B D Chaudhary The Internet: Definition: The internet is a global network of interconnected networks that use the TCP/IP protocol suite to communicate. Services and Protocols Web: Accessed using HTTP/HTTPS. Email: Uses protocols like SMTP, IMAP, and POP3. File Transfer: Uses FTP, SFTP, and other protocols. Key Networking Components Router Switch Modem IP Address Subnet DNS (Domain Name System Prof. B D Chaudhary Graphics card modern Prof. B D Chaudhary Motherboard Prof. B D Chaudhary 8 GB DDR3 1600 MHz Desktop RAM Prof. B D Chaudhary Storage Prof. B D Chaudhary Central Processing Unit Prof. B D Chaudhary Power Supply Unit Prof. B D Chaudhary