_UNDERSTANDING THE SELF REVIEWER lesson 3 to 4.pdf

Understanding the Self Lesson REVIEWER Lesson 3: The Self: It’s Nature and Significance The Nature of Self a broad and philosophical topic that explores the essence of what it mean...

Understanding the Self Lesson REVIEWER Lesson 3: The Self: It’s Nature and Significance The Nature of Self a broad and philosophical topic that explores the essence of what it means to be an individual. ○ touches on various aspects (identity, consciousness, and the relationship between the self and the world) ❖ Identity Personal Identity delves into the core of what defines a person—whether it's their memories, personality, values, or life experiences. ❖ Social Identity focuses on how individuals define themselves in relation to groups ( nationality, ethnicity, religion, and social roles) ❖ Consciousness Self-Awareness ability to reflect on one's existence, thoughts, and feelings makes us aware that we are a distinct entity, separate from others. ❖ Mind-Body Relationship: explores the connection between our mental states (thoughts, emotions) and our physical body Descartes have debated whether the mind and body are separate or interconnected ❖ Philosophical Perspectives Dualism self is composed of both a physical body and non-physical mind or soul Materialism A view that everything about the self can be explained in terms of physical processes in the brain Existentialism emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and responsibility posits the self is not predetermined and that individuals create their essence through actions ❖ Psychological Aspects Self-Concept: How individuals perceive themselves, including their attributes and who they believe they are Self-esteem: How individuals feel about themselves, their sense of self-worth or value The Unconscious: part of the self that influences thoughts and behaviors without being directly accessible to conscious awareness. ❖ Cultural and Social Influences Cultural Conceptions of Self: Different cultures have different views on the self Social Construction of the Self An idea that the self is shaped by social interactions and societal norms ❖ Spiritual and Religious Views Soul and Spirit religions view the self as having a spiritual component that transcends physical existence Transcendence Beliefs that hold the self can reach a higher state of being or consciousness through spiritual practices. ❖ Modern Perspectives Postmodernism a single, stable self, suggesting that identity is fluid constructed through language, culture, and power relations Neuroscience: Modern science explores the nature of self through the study of the brain understanding how self-awareness and identity are formed Page 2:The Process Of Discovering The Self The search for our true identity is a process of learning, re-learning and unlearning Discovering and rediscovering the self is a complex process that involves continuous learning and self-reflection to uncover our true identity1. Life learning is a continuous flux, an unending adventure onto the realms of life's complexities.This learning experience is part of our meaningful evolution. I. Self/Self Concept ○ Carl Rogers 1. "is an organized, consistent set of perceptions of and beliefs about oneself" (Passer & Smith, 2007) 2. perceptions and beliefs that comprise our self-concept are called self-schemas a) Self-schemas (formed by numerous factors that we may be aware or unaware of) (1) past experiences, (6) Goals (2) personality traits, (7) Social roles (3) Abilities, (8) Own observation (4) physical features, (9) Feedback from othrs (5) values II. The Real Self ○ an individual's true nature, encompassing their authentic thoughts, feelings, desires, and values, free from external influences or expectations. ○ a person genuinely is when stripped of societal pressures, roles, and masks they may adopt in different situations. A. Awareness and Acceptance: requires a high level of self-awareness and acceptance. recognizing both positive and negative traits without denial  B. Impact on Well-being: a significant discrepancy between an individual's real self and how they present themselves to the world (often due to societal expectations or self-imposed pressures) may lead to stress, anxiety, and a sense of inauthenticity II. The Ideal Self ➔ refers to an individual's vision of the person they aspire to be. ➔ encompasses the qualities, values, behaviors, and achievements that a person strives for in their personal, professional, and social life ➔ often contrasted with the "actual self," which represents a person's current state ◆ Aspiration and Motivation: serves as a motivational force, pushing individuals to grow, improve, and reach their potential. ◆ Influence of Society and Culture Societal norms, cultural values, and external expectations significantly shape the ideal self. III. The GAP between Real & Ideal Self ❖ refers to the difference between how a person currently sees themselves (real self) and how they wish to be or aspire to be (ideal self). ❖ This gap can influence self-esteem, motivation, and personal development ➔ Growth and Adjustment: ◆ Bridging the gap between the real and ideal self involves both personal growth and adjustment of expectations ➔ Self-Compassion: ◆ Practicing self-compassion is crucial in managing the gap between the real and ideal self. IV. Balancing the Real & Ideal Self ❖ helps maintain healthy self-esteem, reduce stress, and foster ❖ involves finding harmony between who you currently are (real personal development( aligning aspirations with achievable self) and who you aspire to be (ideal self). progress, rather than striving for perfection) ❖ requires accepting your present qualities and limitations while setting realistic goals for personal growth Realistic Goals: Setting realistic and achievable goals that are aligned with one’s values and abilities help narrow the gap between the real and ideal self Integration of Both Selves A mature self-understanding integrates both the real and ideal self acknowledging and embracing the real self while striving towards the ideal self, Incongruence and congruence Incongruence-The state of not being suitable or not fitting well with something else Congruence- a small gap between our real self and ideal self. V. Self Esteem And Self Efficacy 1. Self-Esteem is the overall sense of value or worth a person has Self-Efficacy the belief in one's ability to successfully execute the actions about themselves. required to achieve specific goals or tasks how much someone likes, respects, and believes in a person's confidence in their capability to exert control over their themselves, encompassing their feelings of self-acceptance and (motivation, behavior, and social environment to accomplish desired confidence. outcomes Components of Self-Esteem: ❖ Self-Worth ❖ Self-Identity ❖ Self-Image ❖ Mastery Experiences ❖ Self-Confidence ❖ Vicarious Experiences ❖ Self-Respect ❖ Social Persuasion ❖ Self-Acceptance ❖ Emotional and Physiological States ❖ Self-Competence Page 3: The Johari Window The Four Quadrants -developed in 1955 at the University of California Los Angeles by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham who are both American -Open Area (Arena): Information about yourself that you and others are psychologists.. aware of. -allows participants to understand themselves well and their -Blind Spot: Information that others know about you, but you are unaware corresponding relationship with their significant others through the of. four quadrants( determining traits relative to one's self and others -Hidden Area (Façade): Information that you know about yourself but judgment. ) keep hidden from others. -Unknown Area: Information that neither you nor others are aware of LESSON 4: PHYSICAL SELF: IMAGE MATTER WHAT IS PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT? ★ Historical Shifts: Beauty standards can change over time within the ★ refers to the process by which a person's body grows and changes over same culture. time, including the development of motor skills, muscles, bones, and ★ Influence of Media: overall health Global media, fashion, and advertising significantly shape modern beauty ★ CULTURAL STANDARDS OF BEAUTY standards, often promoting a narrow range of physical traits (such as fair ○ refer to the ideals or norms that different societies uphold skin, certain body types, and facial features). regarding physical appearance and aesthetics. ★ Impact on Self-Image: These standards can affect individuals' ○ shaped by historical, social, and media influences and widely self-esteem, body image, and mental health, leading to issues like body across cultures and time periods. dysmorphia or pressure to conform through cosmetic surgeries or other ★ Cultural Variability: What is considered beautiful in one culture might not means be seen the same way in another. ★ Diverse Representations: Recent movements have aimed to broaden beauty standards to be more inclusive of different races, body types, ages, and abilities, challenging the traditional, often Eurocentric ideas Page 1:THE FILIPINO OBSESSION WITH BEAUTY a multifaceted topic, deeply rooted in cultural, social, and historical influences Historical and Cultural Influences Colonial Legacy: Global Beauty Standards: Spanish and American colonial periods have significantly shaped Filipino refer to the widely accepted ideals of physical appearance that are beauty standards. Influence of Western ideals of beauty(persisted over promoted and valued across different cultures and societies time) often emphasize certain features or characteristics, such as body shape, Media and Celebrity Culture: skin tone, facial features, and overall aestheti prominence of beauty queens, celebrities, and social media influencers has reinforced and amplified beauty standards. Social and Economic Factors Social Status ; ○ Beauty is associated with higher social status and success. ○ The pursuit of beauty is often linked to perceived opportunities for advancement and social acceptance Economic Impact ; ○ a significant economic sector, encompassing everything from skincare and makeup to cosmetic surgeries ○ caters to the high demand for beauty-related products and services Personal and Social Implications Self-Esteem and Identity ○ Beauty standards can impact individual self-esteem and identity ○ Pressure to conform to these standards can lead to both positive and negative self-perceptions. Cultural Practices ○ Traditional and modern beauty practices, such as skin whitening, have become commonplace. ○ reflect both a desire to meet societal standards and an influence of historical and cultural factors Social Media Influence ○ The constant exposure to curated images can affect how people perceive themselves and others CHALLENGES AND CRITIQUES Inclusivity and Diversity ○ There's an ongoing discussion about the need for more inclusive and diverse representations of beauty. ○ challenge narrow beauty ideals and promote a broader range of beauty standards. Mental Health ○ The pressure to meet beauty standards can have mental health implications, including body image issues and eating disorders. ○ Awareness and support are crucial in addressing these challenges. THE FILTERED SELF Use of Filters and Editing Tools - Apps and software offer filters and " relates to how people present themselves, particularly on social media, editing tools that enhance physical appearance, adjust lighting and alter through curated and edited images and posts backgrounds.( creates a polished version of oneself that might not fully CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FILTERED SELF reflect reality. ) Curated Content - content that highlights their best moments, Constructed Identity - constructed identity that can emphasize certain achievements, or idealized versions of their lives.(include edited photos, traits or aspects while downplaying others.(constructed identity that can carefully chosen words, and selective sharing of experiences) emphasize certain traits or aspects while downplaying others.) DYNAMICS OF PHYSICAL HEALTH BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL MOVING FORWARD Celebrating Diversity - Embracing and celebrating diverse forms of beauty can help shift the focus from a singular ideal to a more inclusive understanding of attractiveness. Promoting Self-Acceptance - Encouraging self-acceptance and self-love can counteract the negative effects of rigid beauty standards and foster a healthier perspective on beauty.