UCSP Week 6: Social Groups, Kinship, and Marriage PDF

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1.IDENTIFY AT LEAST THREE NORMS AND ROLES ESTABLISHED BY INSTITUTIONS SUCH AS EDUCATION, FAMILY, OR GOVERNMENT. 2. Analyze how the norms of a specific institution (e.g., family or government) affect daily interactions. 3. Create a co...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1.IDENTIFY AT LEAST THREE NORMS AND ROLES ESTABLISHED BY INSTITUTIONS SUCH AS EDUCATION, FAMILY, OR GOVERNMENT. 2. Analyze how the norms of a specific institution (e.g., family or government) affect daily interactions. 3. Create a concept map in their groups that illustrate the ranking of individuals in various societies, based on wealth, power, and prestige. 4. Reenact in a role play to show the different types of marriage across cultures. INSTRUCTION: “Imagine you are in a small group of people who must create a new society on an island. There are no existing institutions—no schools, no government, no family structures. You must decide how to organize your society” FORM INTO A GROUPS YOUR TASK IS TO BRAINSTORM FOR FIVE MINUTES AND DECIDE ON KEY RULES OR NORMS THAT WILL GOVERN YOUR SOCIETY GROUPS: THE HEART OF INTERACTION When individuals aggregate physically in a collection of war do necessarily make a social group. They are just a collection of warm bodies who happened to be together in one space or who may happen to share who happened characteristics.  SOCIAL AGGREGATES - A simple collection of people who happened to be together in a particular place but do not significantly interact or identify with one another AGGREGATE -Considered as a whole. SOCIAL CATEGORIES - People who share a common characteristic (such as gender or occupation) but do not necessarily interact or identify with one another. But when the relationship starts to go beyond mere "co-presence" of mere "co-category," a group starts to emerge. SOCIAL GROUP Can be defined as a collection of people who regularly interact with one another on the basis of shared expectations concerning behavior and who share a sense of common identity. PRIMARY GROUP This is typically a small social group whose members share close, personal, and enduring relationships. Primary groups are marked by the members' concern for one another and shared activities and culture. SECONDARY GROUP This has the opposite characteristics of a primary group. Secondary groups can be small or large and they are mostly impersonal and usually short-term REFERENCE GROUPS Such as those of college friends serve as a standard against which behaviors and attitudes are measured we use reference groups in order to guide our behavior and attitude and help us to identify social norms IN GROUP Social groups to which an individual feels he or she belongs. One feels loyalty and respect to these groups.  OUT GROUP Social groups that an individual does not identify with. One feels antagonism and contempt for these groups  GROUPTHINK Process by which the members of a group ignore ways of thinking and plans of action that go against the group consensus is said to be taking place.  GROUPTHINK Groupthink, in its general sense, is the psychological influence exerted over us by our respective groups on moral, legal, scientific and religious matters groupthink is normally evaluative in nature, hence it may affect the relationships of groups with each other.  CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS: KINSHIP, MARRIAGE, AND THE HOUSEHOLD  A social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society it explains the nature and reason for the formation of the different types of bonds that exist within society.  LINEAGE Refers to the line where one's descent is traced PRINCIPLES OF DESCENT Unilineal Descent Usually traced by most societies through a single line of ancestors from either the male and female line PATRILINEAL DESCENT  Under the PATRILINEAL form of descent, both males and females belong to the kin group of their father but they do not belong to their mother's kin group. MATRILINEAL FORM OF DESCENT - Focuses on the unilineal descent that is traced through the female line. TYPES OF KINSHIP CONSANGUINEAL KINSHIP Kinship based on blood is considered as the most basic and general form of relations.  DESCENT  Refers to a bio-local relationship societies recognize that children descend from parents and that there exists a bio-local relationship between parents and their offspring.  BILATERAL DESCENT  Some societies trace their descent through the study of both parents’ ancestors. This is called as the non-unilineal or cognatic descent principle KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE AFFINAL KINSHIP Kinship based on marriage refers to the type of relations developed when a families are also interpreted differently by structural functionalists, conflict theorists, and symbolic interactionist marriage occurs. When marriage takes place, new forms of social relations are developed. Marriage is an important social institution wherein two persons, a man and during this process, the partners make public official, and permanent declaration of their union as lifetime couple. MARRIAGE ACROSS CULTURES ENDOGAMY AND EXOGAMY ENDOGAMY Some societies practice endogamy, or compulsory marriage, in their own village, community, ethnic, social, or religious group. EXOGAMY IN OUT-MARIAGE On the other hand, refers to a marriage custom where an individual is required by society's norms and rules to marry outside of their own grist community or social classes.  MONOGAMY  MONOGAMY came from the greek words MONOS AND GAMOS which literally mean "one union” refers to the marriage or sexual partnering custom or practice when an individual has only one male or female partner or mate.  POLYGAMY  Polygamy is the practice of marrying multiple spouses. When a man is married to more than one wife at the same time, it is called POLYGYNY. When a woman is married to more than one husband at the same time, it is called POLYANDRY. POSTMARITAL RESIDENCY RULES  Anthropologists are also interested in the rules of residence or location of couple’s permanent residence after marriage this new field of research anthropologists focuses on post-marital residency rules. 1. Patrilocal Rule of residence occurs when married couples stay in the house of the husband's relatives or near the husband's kin. 2. Matrilocal Rule of residence happens when the couples live with the wife's relatives or near the wife's kin. 3. Biolocal Residence happens when the newlywed couple stay with the husband's relatives and the wife's kin alternately. REFERRED MARRIAGE AND ARRANGED MARRIAGES  In our society today, finding a partner can be done differently. Some find their partners through other people like friends and relatives who act as matchmakers.  In some societies, marriage partners are not referred but they are arranged by the parents of the groom and bride. This is usually called as FIXED OF ARRANGED MARRIAGES. 1. Child marriage - it happens when parents arrange for the marriage of their child long before the marriage takes place. The marriage will be consummated in the future. 2. Exchange Marriage – in this form of marriage, there is a reciprocal exchange of spouses between two countries, tribes, or groups. 3. Diplomatic Marriage – this form of marriage occurs when an arranged marriage has been established between two royal or political families in order to forge political or diplomatic alliance. 4. Modern Arranged Marriage – in this form of marriage, the child's parents, with the consent of the child choose from several possible mates.  KINSHIP BY RITUALS “Compadrazgo” translated as "Godparenthood” is a ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family. THE FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD The family is considered the basic unit of social organization. It is made up of a group of individuals who are linked together by marriage, blood relations, or adoption. SOCIOLOGISTS AND ANTHROPOLOGISTS  GEORGE PETER MURDOCK 1. Share common residence. 2. Presence of economic cooperation 3. Reproduce offspring. 4. Include adults of both sexes wherein at least who of whom uphold a socially approved form of sexual relationship. 5. Responsible for the socialization of infants and children. KINGSLEY DAVIS - Family is a group of individuals wherein the relationship is based on consanguinity and kinship.  TALCOTT PARSONS - Family is a factory that develops and produces human personalities. BRONISLAW MALINOWSKI - Family is an institution that passes down the cultural tradition of a society to the next generation.  Families are also interpreted differently by structural functionalists, conflict theorists, and symbolic interactionist. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Structural Functionalism Theory Family is important because it performs different roles for society 1. Agent Of Socialization 2. Provides Emotional And Practical Support For Family Members. 3. Controls Sexual Activity And Sexual Reproduction 4. Provides Family Members With Social Identity.  CONFLICT THEORY Family is a cause of social inequality because it strengthens economic inequality and allows the continuity of patriarchy.  SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST THEORY The family interaction can produce a shared understanding of their situations. NUCLEAR FAMILY AND EXTENDED FAMILY A nuclear family is a type of family that is made up of a group of people who are united by social ties. It is usually made up of two adults and their socially recognized children. Most of the time, it is made up of a married couple and their biological or adopted child or children 1. A single nuclear family and other persons related to the nucleus (example: father living with his child or children and other relative/s, a married couple living with other relatives) 2. Two or more nuclear families related to each other without any other persons (eg, two or more married couples with child or children) 3. Two or more nuclear families that are related to each other, plus other persons related to at least one of the nuclear families.  BLENDED OR RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES A blended family is a type of family where the parents have a child or previous marital children from relationships but all the members stay and congregate to form a new family unit. It is sometimes called a step family. Reconstituted family, or a complex family.  KINSHIP OF POLITICS: POLITICAL DYNASTIES AND ALLIANCES Politics have also been influenced by kinship relations. In the Philippines, most politician is elected in public offices and government positions are relatives this is known in politics as political dynasties