UCSP Week 12 Tayabas Western Academy PDF

TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY Senior High School Department UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY POLITICS  CHAPTER 5 Social, Cultural, and Political Institutions  LESSON 16 EDUCATION  LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: Examine the functions and imp...

TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY Senior High School Department UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY POLITICS  CHAPTER 5 Social, Cultural, and Political Institutions  LESSON 16 EDUCATION  LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: Examine the functions and importance of education in the society. There are many ways to educate and train the young population - through formal education, non-formal, and informal education. Formal education is the major used by the state to educate the majority of the population. This takes in the classroom. Non-formal education happens when young people interact with adults or with their parents. There are many ways to educate and train the young population - through formal education, non-formal, and informal education. Informal education pertains to the lifelong process of learning of an individual. FUNCTIONS OF SCHOOL The latent functions of schools include: 1. Transmission of culture 2.Promotion of social and political integration 3.Maintenance of social control 4.Serving as agent of change CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATION CREDENTIALISM Nowadays, the diploma from a university or college is becoming a common requirement for a person to get into the paid labor sector. The higher educational attainment, the higher opportunity to be employed. CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATION BESTOWAL OF STATUS Education confers social status to the individual. This is the reason why many professionals enroll in graduate schools with the aim of getting a higher degree.  CHAPTER 6 Social Stratification  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: Describe the different forms of social stratification; Describe different types off social mobility; Examine the concept, characteristics and forms of stratification systems using sociological perspectives.  LESSON 19 CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Social stratification is the structured and hierarchical ranking of individuals based on their family, occupation, income, wealth, and (social or political) power. For sociologists, it is the patterned inequality in society that is due to the unequal access to wealth, privileges, and power. SOCIAL CLASSES The members are divided into social classes or sets of people sharing similar socioeconomic statuses. 1. Upper Class - This consists of wealthy business people, big politicians and the like. 2.Middle Class - This is composed of the ordinary working class. 3.Lower Class - It consists of financially and socially underprivileged individuals. EQUALITY vs. EQUITY Equality means sameness. It is the state in a society where people enjoy the same rights, social statuses, and other privileges. It promotes fairness and justice. Unfortunately, however, it cannot be thoroughly felt by everyone. EQUALITY vs. EQUITY If equality pertains to sameness, then equity stands for fairness. It is the quality where diversity is recognized and people are provided with the things that they need in society. It is the quality where diversity is recognized and people are provided with the things that they need in society. SOCIAL INEQUALITY Social Inequality is the effect of limiting or impairing a group or an individual's social status, class, and privileges. It exists in access to social, political, and symbolic capital; acceptance of gender preferences; cultural minorities and even in the global community SOCIAL INEQUALITY The manifestation of social inequality in the society can be seen in many ways. ACCESS TO CAPITAL Marx described capital as the means of production. It is the main resource for a person to survive. Capital exists in different forms: financial capital, cultural capital, human capital, social capital and symbolic capital, SOCIAL INEQUALITY ACCESS TO CAPITAL Financial Capital Cultural Capital Human Capital Social Capital Symbolic Capital SOCIAL INEQUALITY The manifestation of social inequality in the society can be seen in many ways. GENDER INEQUALITY Since the 1990s, the female population among all societies in the world have taken leaps toward gender equality. However, they are still far from achieving complete gender equity. In Saudi Arabia, women are still forbidden to drive vehicles. In Afghanistan, many groups oppose education of the female population. SOCIAL INEQUALITY The manifestation of social inequality in the society can be seen in many ways. INEQUALITY TO CULTURAL MINORITIES Stereotype is the most common basis for inequality against minorities. For example, many Filipinos in Metro Manila think of the Sama (Bajau) people as ill-mannered street dwellers. For sexual minorities, such as LGBTs, the common stereotype is that gay men are hairdressers or entertainers, and lesbian women are cross- dressing butches. SOCIAL INEQUALITY The manifestation of social inequality in the society can be seen in many ways. GLOBAL INEQUALITY As seen in the distribution of wealth, it can be seen that people around the globe experience inequality in terms of wealth. VIEWS ON STRATIFICATION MARXIST VIEW OF CLASS DIFFERENTIATION Karl Marx (1859) studied the development of societies from the materialist perspective. In his study, he stated that the society's economic condition determine the kind of that society the members had. In Marx's analysis, every society has a particular individual or group who controls the means of production. For example, in a feudal system, the landlords have a sole control of power while the peasants have none. VIEWS ON STRATIFICATION HISTORICAL MATERIALISM Materialism means that economic factors are the bases of reality, which are also considered as the substructure of society. The superstructure of society or the society as a whole is based on this substructure. In a capitalist society, the capitalists take the big bite, whereas the proletariat share among themselves the small pieces. VIEWS ON STRATIFICATION HISTORICAL MATERIALISM Marx and Friedrich Engels (1932) said that each stage of societal development have its own seeds of revolution or destruction that serve as the reasons for the birth of a new system. Marx and Engles enumerated the following stages of social development. cont... Stages of Social Development PRIMITIVE COMMUNAL This stage is composed of early tribal societies before the establishment of civilization. These societies employed traditional technology in order to produce. All members of the tribal groups have to engage in food gathering to survive. There were no surplus products because they produced/gathered only what they need. cont... Stages of Social Development SLAVE SOCIETY This is the second mode of production in human social development. Slaves had no rights and were owned by another person (slave master). Slaves were people who own nothing but they served as the major means of production and producers of the surplus without pay -thus exploitation. cont... Stages of Social Development FEUDAL SOCIETY A mode of production that reflected land ownership, feudal society existed at the end of medieval Europe and before the rise of early capitalism. In this stage, the basis of wealth was land. cont... Stages of Social Development CAPITALIST SOCIETY The most important characteristic of capitalist society is accumulation of capital through exploitation of workers. This is the type of society most states in the world is implementing. This constant exploitation and alienation of the proletariat give rise to class struggle or social revolution. cont... Stages of Social Development SOCIALISM This is a mode of production which is also called a pre- mature communism. Under socialism, the production is done to produce for the use-value system, contrasting capitalism where the primary goal is accumulating profit. The production is under the control of the state as the central planning agency. cont... Stages of Social Development COMMUNISM The radical revolution which destroy the capitalist system will ultimately lead to a classless society. In communism, there will no exploitation of workers and unequal distribution of income among the members of the society.  LESSON 20 SOCIAL MOBILITY A society may indeed be stratified, but the people have the ability to move from one class to another. This is referred to as social mobility. TYPES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY HORIZONTAL SOCIAL MOBILITY This is the change of position of a person to another position of the same rank. When a chemistry teacher decides to shift to another job that requires his/her skills in chemistry, he/she is practicing horizontal social mobility because he/she will experience a similar level of difficulty and status in the new position. TYPES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY VERTICAL SOCIAL MOBILITY The more interesting mechanism for sociologists is vertical social mobility, which happens when a person moves from one social class to another. A successful engineer who once was a poor working student in a state university is an example of a person who experiences vertical social mobility. cont... Vertical Social Mobility This type of mobility may be upward or downward. It may also be further analyzed in relation to time. A. Intergenerational Mobility The movement of social position that started with the parents and was felt by even the children is called intergenerational mobility. B. Intragenerational Mobility The movement in the social position that happens within a person's adult life is referred to as intragenerational mobility. Describe the different types of social mobility (horizontal, vertical, and structural).  How do educational attainment and economic factors contribute to upward social mobility?  LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: Examine the functions and importance of education in the society.  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: Describe the different forms of social stratification; Describe different types off social mobility; Examine the concept, characteristics and forms of stratification systems using sociological perspectives.  ACTIVITY Societal Situation Direction: Read the situation below and respond to the following guide questions: In contemporary society, the stratification system manifests in various forms that profoundly impact individuals' opportunities and life outcomes. Consider a situation where a newly implemented educational policy aims to address socioeconomic disparities in access to higher education. This policy provides scholarships and financial aid to students from underprivileged backgrounds, aiming to increase their enrollment in prestigious universities traditionally dominated by affluent families. However, despite these efforts, societal stratification continues to influence educational outcomes.  ACTIVITY Students from disadvantaged backgrounds often face systemic barriers such as inadequate primary education, limited access to quality resources, and cultural biases that perpetuate inequalities. These barriers contribute to a stratified system where social class significantly determines educational attainment and subsequent social mobility. Despite policy interventions, disparities persist, reflecting deeper structural inequalities rooted in societal norms and economic disparities.  ACTIVITY Guide Questions: 1. How does the newly implemented educational policy attempt to address socioeconomic disparities in access to higher education? 2.What are the key characteristics of the stratification system evident in the distribution of educational opportunities addressed by this policy? 3.Identify and discuss the forms of stratification (economic, social, cultural) that contribute to disparities in educational access and success. 4.Which perspective(s) provide insight into the challenges faced by students from underprivileged backgrounds despite policy interventions? 5.Reflect on the effectiveness of the educational policy in promoting equal opportunities and reducing socioeconomic disparities. RUBRICS If you have question/s: Please send a PM following the correct format: KHDDeseo Name: Strand/Section: SirKen Deseo Subject: [email protected] Simple greeting: ASK YOUR QUESTION  SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Week 12