Understanding Culture, Society and Politics PDF

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS WEEK 3 – LESSON 1  OBJECTIVES At the end of this session, you should be able to: 1. Discuss the nature, goal, and perspective of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science.  Activity No. 1...

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS WEEK 3 – LESSON 1  OBJECTIVES At the end of this session, you should be able to: 1. Discuss the nature, goal, and perspective of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science.  Activity No. 1 Quote minus one The only permanent in this world is. Heraclitus Greek Philosopher  CHANGES BEFORE COVID 19 AFTER COVID 19 No facial mask Wearing facial mask  What is Anthropology, Greek words - Anthropos + latin word - Logos Anthropos – Man logos - study Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans.  What is Anthropology Anthropology is the study of the origin and development of human societies and cultures. Culture is the learned behavior of people, including their languages, belief systems, social structures, institutions, and material goods.  What is Sociology? Greek words – Societus/Socius + Latin word -logos Societus/Socius – society logos - study Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life.  What is Sociology? Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Sociologists investigate the structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how people interact within these contexts.  What is Political Science? Greek word – Polis + Latin word -scire Polis – city/state scire – science / to know Political Science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and laws.  What is Political Science? Poltical Science the study of politics and power from domestic, international, and comparative perspectives. It entails understanding political ideas, ideologies, institutions, policies, processes, and behavior, as well as groups, classes, government, diplomacy, law, strategy, and war. Anthropology The study of what makes us a HUMAN In a general sense, anthropology is concerned with determining what humans are, how they evolved, and how they differ from one another. The study of anthropology is often divided into three subdisciplines: archaeology, biological anthropology, and cultural anthropology. Anthropology How did anthropology start? ? Many scholars consider modern anthropology as an outgrowth of the Age of Enlightenment (1715–1789), a period when Europeans attempted to study human behavior systematically, the known varieties of which had been increasing since the fifteenth century as a result of the first European colonization wave.  Anthropology Who is the father of Anthropology?? Franz Boas - (1858-1942) He was a German and is considered as the father of American Anthropology and the pioneer of Modern Anthropology. He was the first professor in Colombia University who taught Physical Anthropology and then Anthropology as a separate discipline in 1899.  Anthropology Who is the father of Anthropology in the Philippines? Henry Otley Beyer (1883–1966), also known as “the father of Philippine anthropology,” was born in Edgewood, Iowa, U.S.A. His interest in the Philippines was spurned from his experiences at the Philippine exposition at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904 Anthropology How to become an Anthropologist? To become an Anthropologist, you usually have to complete a bachelor degree in Science, Arts, Social Science or International Studies at university with a major in anthropology (preferably with Honours), followed by a postgraduate qualification in Anthropology. Anthropology What is ETHNOGRAPHY?? the study of the characteristics of various peoples and the differences and relationships between them. Anthropology What is ETHNOGRAPHY?? Ethnology is the study of humans as cultural beings. It explores how cultural patterns are constructed, preserved, and changed in various times, places, and social contexts. Peoples' cultural behaviors and expressions are examined through both contemporary analysis and historical reconstruction. Anthropology EVOLUTION OF MAN Anthropology STAGES OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 1. Dryopeticus 5. Homo Erectus 2. Australopeticus 6. Homo – 3. Ramaphitecus Neaderthalensis 4. Homo habilis 7. Homo -Sapiens Anthropology EVOLUTION OF MAN Australopithecus is a genus of early hominins that existed in Africa during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. The genera Homo, Paranthropus, and Kenyanthropus evolved from some Australopithecus species. Scientific name: Australopithecus Class: Mammalia Genus: †Australopithecus; R.A. Dart, 1925 Family: Hominidae Kingdom: Animalia Order: Primates Anthropology EVOLUTION OF MAN Homo habilis is an extinct species of archaic human from the Early Pleistocene of East and South Africa about 2.3 million years ago to 1.65 million years ago. Wikipedia Scientific name: Homo habilis Class: Mammalia Domain: Eukaryota Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Kingdom: Animalia Anthropology EVOLUTION OF MAN Homo erectus is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, with its earliest occurrence about 2 million years ago. Its specimens are among the first recognizable members of the genus Homo. Wikipedia Height: 1.5 – 1.8 m Scientific name: Homo erectus Class: Mammalia Family: Hominidae Kingdom: Animalia Order: Primates Anthropology EVOLUTION OF MAN Neanderthals are an extinct group of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. The type specimen, Neanderthal 1, was found in 1856 in the Neander Valley in present-day Germany. Wikipedia Height: 1.6 – 1.7 m (Male, Adult), 1.5 – 1.6 m (Female, Adult) Extinction status: Extinct Encyclopedia of Life Scientific name: Homo neanderthalensis Class: Mammalia Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Anthropology EVOLUTION OF MAN Humans or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo. They are great apes characterized by their hairlessness, bipedalism, and high intelligence. Wikipedia Scientific name: Homo sapiens Speed: 13 km/h (Male, Running), 10 km/h (Female, Running) Height: 1.7 m (Male), 1.6 m (Female) Class: Mammalia Genus: Homo Domain: Eukaryota Anthropology EVOLUTION OF MAN Cro-Magnons were nomadic hunters and gatherers. Because of this, they had active lifestyles. They frequently lived in caves, and paintings they created have been discovered on cave walls. They had other forms of art, including carvings and art on tools. Neanderthals lived approximately 400,000 to 40,000 years ago throughout Europe and southwestern and central parts of Asia, while Cro- Magnons lived in Europe approximately 40,000 to 10,000 years ago. Cro-Magnons and humans (both Homo sapiens) are not direct genetic descendants of Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis).  Assignment: Write the social structure and economy of the following type of society. TYPES OF SOCIETY 1. Hunter Gatherer 6. Industrial Societies 2. Pastoral 7. Capitalist 3. Horticulture 8. Post-Industrial 4. Agriculture 9. Society 5. Feudal.