UCSP Reviewer PDF

**ENCULTURATION/ Socialization**- lifelong process of experiencing, learning, imbibing and transmitting culture. **VALUES**- society\'s defined rule of what is good and desirable. - **EXTRINSIC**- need to be justified - **INTRINSIC**- does not justified **3 KINDS OF VALUES** - Personal- e...

**ENCULTURATION/ Socialization**- lifelong process of experiencing, learning, imbibing and transmitting culture. **VALUES**- society\'s defined rule of what is good and desirable. - **EXTRINSIC**- need to be justified - **INTRINSIC**- does not justified **3 KINDS OF VALUES** - Personal- endorsed by individual - Moral-determine what is right and wrong - Aesthetic- associated with art and beauty **VALUES FORMATION**- CHED memo order no. 26, series of 2005 **GOOD CITIZENSHIP CORE VALUES** - Pagkamaka-diyos- faith and belief - Pagkamakatao- love, freeedom - Pagkamakakalikasan- environment - Pagkamakabansa/bayan- unity **NORMS**- rules and expectations that guides individual's behavior - PRESCRIPTIVE- positive behavior - PROSCRIPTIVE- negative behavior **4 TYPES OF SOCIAL NORMS** **(SANCHEZ 2021)** - FOLKWAYS- customs or beliefs common to members of the society - MORES- norms that are normally observe and significant - TABOOS- immoral and acceptable - LAW **STATUS**- one\'s social position in any given society. - **ASCRIBED**- received at birth - **ACHIEVED**- voluntarily gained through personal perseverance **Van Oers 4 dynamics of understanding about enculturation** - The role of adults - The role of language - Meaning construction **AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION-** entities or institutions that play a role in influencing or shaping the process of enculturation. - **FAMILY** - **STATE**- government - **EDUCATION**- school - **PEER GROUP**- group - **MASS MEDIA-** radio, tv **CONFORMITY**- values and norms depend on forms of social control **3 TYPES OF COMFORMITY** - **COMPLIANCE**- individuals accept influence - **INTERNALIZATION**- individual accept and influence - **IDENTIFICATION**- accept and influence because he wants to establish relationship. **8 REASONS OF CONFORMITY (William 2012)** - ***Informational influence***- behavior of others might convince us that our original judgement was incorrect. - ***WISH TO AVOID PUNISHMENT*** -- concerned about social image and outcomes. - ***RISK OF DISAPPROVAL FROM OTHER GROUP MEMBERS***- by deviating too far, they risk rejection - ***LACK OF PERCIEVED ALTERNATIVES***- has any other choice but conformity. - ***FEAR OF DISTRUPTING THE GROUP's OPERATIONs***- independence will hamper the attainment of group goals. - ***ABSENCE OF COMMUNICATION AMONG GROUP MEMBERS-*** lacking info - ***NO FEELING OF RENSPONSIBILTY FOR GROUP OUTCOMES***- may cause to fall to meet objectives. - ***A SENSE OF POWERLESSNESS***- no one tries anything different. **DEVIANCE**- violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores. (william graham) **4 REASONS BEHIND DEVIANCE** - Individual heredity - Group heredity - Personal defiency - Social failure **2 THEORIES OF DEVIANCE** - NATURE - NURTURE **DEVIANCE CAN BE:** - **FORMAL**- violates existing laws - **INFORMAL**- violates norms **Robert Merton's Theory of *Anomie (lawlesness)***- deviance is a response to situation. - **Innovation**- breaking rules to achieve normative objectives. Ex. Stealing banks. - **Rebellion**- challenging the rules or objectives. Ex. Protesting. **6 CUTTING THEMES BY UDHR** - Dignity and justice - Development - Environment - Culture - Gender - Participation **Jean Piagets 4 theory of cognitive development** - ***Sensorimotor (0-2)***: perception of the world thru senses - ***Preoperational stage (2-7):*** preliminary learning of language and symbols - ***Concrete operational stage (7-11)***: ability to manage or manipulate concrete objects and began to think in a systematic way. - ***Formal operational stage (12yrs and up):*** ability to think in a more abstract and critical manner. **Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial development-** typical clash between an individual's psychological needs and the society's needs. ***Psychosocial crisis*** ***Basic virtue*** ***Age*** ----------------------------------- -------------------- ----------- ***Trust vs. Mistrust*** Hope 0-1 ½ ***Autonomy vs. Shame*** Will 1 ½- 3 ***Iniative vs. Guilt*** Purpose 3-5 ***Industry vs. Inferiority*** Competency 5-12 ***Identity vs. Role confusion*** Fidelity 12-18 ***Intimacy vs. Isolation*** Love 18-40 ***Generativity vs. Stagnation*** Care 40-65 ***Ego integrity vs. Despair*** Wisdom 65+ Freud's Pyschosexual Stage of development