UCSP 12: Lesson 3 Biological and Cultural Evolution PDF

 Part 1 - Biological and Cultural Evolution Part 2 - Identity and Personality Formation Lesson 3 Learning Objective: ❖ To trace the biological and cultural evolution of early to modern humans; ❖ To analyze key features of interrelationships of biological, cultural, and sociop...

 Part 1 - Biological and Cultural Evolution Part 2 - Identity and Personality Formation Lesson 3 Learning Objective: ❖ To trace the biological and cultural evolution of early to modern humans; ❖ To analyze key features of interrelationships of biological, cultural, and sociopolitical processes in human evolution that can still be used and developed; and ❖ To explain the development of oneself and others as a product of socialization What distinguishes humans from animals? Do you agree with the naturalist’s theory that humans have originated from bonobos or pigmy chimpanzees? SLIDE Biological and Cultural Evolution LESSON 3 01 Bonobo Chimpanzee SLIDE Biological and Cultural Evolution LESSON 3 02  Culture and society exist because of evolution. What are the contributing factors why the human has evolved into what he is right now? SLIDE Biological and Cultural Evolution LESSON 3 03  Biological Evolution – refers to the changes, modifications, and variations on the genetics and inherited traits of biological populations from one generation to another. Scientists study the changes in the physical body of humans, the changes in the shape and size of their bones. SLIDE Biological and Cultural Evolution LESSON 3 04  Charles Darwin– The Origin of the Species -evolution of the species happened through the process of NATURAL SELECTION-the reason for occurrence of evolution The outcome processes that affect the frequencies of traits in a particular environment. Traits that enhance survival and reproductive success increase in frequency over time. SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST SLIDE Biological and Cultural Evolution LESSON 3 04 3 Principles of NATURAL SELECTION 1. Variations every species is made up of variety of individual wherein some are adopted to their environments compared to others 2. Hereditability organisms produce progeny with different sets of traits that can be inherited SLIDE Biological and Cultural Evolution LESSON 3 04 3 Principles of NATURAL SELECTION 3. Differential reproductive success organisms that have traits most suitable to their environment will survive and transfer these variations to their offspring on subsequent generations SLIDE Biological and Cultural Evolution LESSON 3 04 The Evolution of Man 1. HOMINIDS -general term used to categorize the group of early humans and other humanlike creatures that can walk erect during prehistoric period a. Homo- as humans, not human like creature because they had bigger brains and were bipedal 1. homo habilis- “handy man or skillful man” 2. homo erectus- can stand erect 3. homo sapiens- “wise man” 4. homo sapiens sapiens- “modern-day man” Biological and Cultural Evolution 04 LESSON 3 SLIDE Revolution - a radical and pervasive change in society and the social structure SLIDE Biological and Cultural Evolution LESSON 3 04 Revolution - a radical and pervasive change in society and the social structure What do you think will be the next “revolution” for humans? SLIDE Biological and Cultural Evolution LESSON 3 05 “Qualitative change is the hallmark of general revolution.” SLIDE Biological and Cultural Evolution LESSON 3 06 PART 2 – Identity and Personality Formation Answer the following questions. 1. When was the last time you have watched your favorite TV or Internet program? 2. When did you start appreciating the said program? 3. From whom and how did you learn about it? 4. Have you ever influenced somebody to like the said program? Identity - The body of a person - No or less chances of changing it completely - The symbol of one’s being - Major evidence that one exists Personality - May be likened to sense of fashion - Can be changed - The piece that is observed by other people’s eyes - What others mostly remember SLIDE Identity and Personality Formation LESSON 3 07 “The root of one’s identity can be traced down to his socialization.” SLIDE Identity and Personality Formation LESSON 3 08 Determinants of Personality Formation 1. Biological Inheritance (Nature) 2. Environment (Nurture) a. Geographic Environment b. Cultural Environment c. Social Environment SLIDE Identity and Personality Formation LESSON 3 09 State your role in the following groups. Discuss how these roles affect the personality you have right now. ❖ Family ❖ Friends ❖ School ❖ Extra-curricular groups SLIDE Identity and Personality Formation LESSON 3 10 Life is too short to silence your personality. SLIDE Identity and Personality Formation LESSON 3 11  Cultural Evolution – refers to the changes or development in culture from simple form to a more complex form of human culture. Scientists study the cultural evolution of human by analyzing the changes in the latter’s way of life SLIDE Biological and Cultural Evolution LESSON 3 04 FOSSILS – are information about human biology, which include bones and other remains of human beings. Environmental conditions, however, affect the preservation of fossils. ARTIFACTS – anything modified by man or made by man including tools, weapons, and other material creation Sociocultural Evolution- transformation and evolution and the process develops technological advancement of human society (Gerhard Lenski) The development of technology, the information acquired by humans on how to apply societal resources as a response to human needs and wants, leads to the evolution and transformation of society. Societies are of different types and their type depend on their level of development. These include the following: 1. Hunting and Gathering 2. Horticultural 3. Pastoral 4. Agricultural 5. Industrial 6. Post-industrial  1. Hunting and gathering oldest and most basic way of economic subsistence hunting and gathering society produce simple tools used to hunt for animals and gather plants and vegetation for their food men-hunting women-gathering They frequently move and do not have permanent settlement-nomadic societies. During the Paleolithic Period, these societies lived in small groups with only 20- 30 members and increased to 40-50 members if there were abundant supply of food. Family is the basic unit of the society. They usually have SHAMAN or a priest who acts as the leader of the group Since they rely on nature for food and survival, they believe that spirits live in the world.  2. Horticultural and pastoral societies -described as a semisedentary society because they do not frequently move as opposed to a hunting and gathering society -they subsist through small-scale farming, and they produce and use simple forms of hand tools to plant crops In a horticultural society, there is a surplus of food. Because food is more than enough for the members of society, some of its members engage in other forms of subsistence like making crafts and trading. Some members become priests. In pastoral society, the principal means of subsistence of a pastoralist is animal domestication. They are classified as animal herders and subsist based on the resources provided by their animals Both horticultural and pastoral societies are described as having unequal social relations because some members act as the ruling elite.  3. Agricultural societies and the Neolithic revolution Agricultural societies began during the Neolithic Period, during this time Neolithic revolution occurred. -society started to cultivate wheat, barley, peas, rice etc. -they began to farm and domesticate animals as their form of subsistence -Neolithic people produced cultivation tools and developed farming skills that can support and sustain a town with a population of over a thousand people. -abundant supply of resources using different tools, skills and technology -this new form of economic subsistence spreads in different parts of the world and it became known as the NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION, which transformed society into agricultural societies -agricultural revolution spreads in most part of the earth where people and society accepted new ideas, skills and tools in developing and improving their ways of living through farming and animal domestication During the Neolithic Revolution, agricultural societies developed and their population increased into millions -they settled permanently and improved the technology for farming -members of society produced surplus of food that were transported by animal- powered wagons. -as the society developed and its members developed specialization, money became a form of exchange replacing the barter system. -the development of agriculture also led to an increase of social inequality (some acted as serfs or slaves, some became elites and acted as owner of the lands and other resources)  4. Industrial societies -Industrial societies began when the Industrial Revolution swept through Europe (1780-1850) -during the Industrial Revolution, new sources of energy were harnessed, advanced forms of technology  CHANGES of SOCIETIES 1. The economy undergoes a transition from the production of goods to the provision of services. 2. Knowledge becomes a valued form of capital 3. Producing ideas is the main way to grow the economy 4. Through processes of globalization and automation, the value and importance to the economy of blue-collar, unionized work, including manual labor decline, and those of professional workers (scientists, IT professionals, creative-industry professionals) grow in value and prevalence. 5. Behavioral and information sciences and technologies are developed and implemented. (behavioral economics, information architecture, cybernetics, game theory and information theory)  Guide Questions: Why is it important for cultures to adapt over time in response to societal changes? What can individuals do to foster positive cultural evolution in their communities?  "Cultural evolution is like a shared journey—each generation adds its own ideas, beliefs, and innovations, building on the past to create a future that reflects who we are and where we want to go."