Topic 6 Answers PDF

Topic 6 Answers 1. Cabinet -- departments to help the president lead the nation Secretary of War -- Henry Knox Oversee nation's defenses Secretary of State -- Thomas Jefferson Oversee relations between U.S. and other nations Secretary of the Treasury -- Alexander Hamilton Manage the govern...

Topic 6 Answers 1. Cabinet -- departments to help the president lead the nation Secretary of War -- Henry Knox Oversee nation's defenses Secretary of State -- Thomas Jefferson Oversee relations between U.S. and other nations Secretary of the Treasury -- Alexander Hamilton Manage the government's money Attorney General -- Edmund Randolf Advise on legal matters The cabinet was not mentioned in the Constitution, but Washington made it a common practice to call them together to advise him. George Washington\'s decision to serve only two terms as president established a significant precedent for American democracy by demonstrating a peaceful transfer of power, preventing the concentration of power in one individual, and solidifying the idea that the presidency should not be viewed as a lifetime position 5\. Analyze the causes and consequences of the Whiskey Rebellion. How did Washington\'s response affect the authority of the federal government? Conflict over tax on whiskey Difficult to take wheat and rye to market, so farmers made whiskey out of it Used the whiskey to trade for other products Could not pay the taxes 1794 group of farmers in Pennsylvania staged a rebellion against the tax Beat up a tax collector, and tarred and feathered him Threatened to march on Pittsburg Washington sent 13,000 federal troops to put down the uprising and enforce the laws Rebels fled \*\*Showed that an armed rebellion would not be tolerated and it was not acceptable in this new country 8\. Evaluate the constitutionality and impact of the Alien and Sedition Acts. How did they reflect the political tensions of the time? Two parties disagreed on the conflict with France Angered John Adams because of lack of support Many immigrants became Democrat-Republicans Federalist Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) **Alien Acts** It was targeting *immigrants* What did it do? 1\) increased the duration from 5 to 14 years that a person had to live in the US to become a citizen. 2\) gave the President the power to deport or imprison any alien he considered dangerous. **Sedition Acts** It targeting the Democratic-Republicans It made it a crime for anyone to write or say anything insulting or anything false about the President, Congress, or the government in general. James Madison and Thomas Jefferson led the fight against the acts. Virginia and Kentucky both passed resolutions in their state assemblies that claimed they had the right to nullify laws passed by Congress that provoked them. They also claimed that the "United States" is an agreement and they could overrule federal law. Jefferson and Madison proposed resolutions in Kentucky and Virginia that would nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts in those states Within 2 years, the Democratic-Republicans won control of Congress and either repealed the acts or let them expire. 9\. Analyze the importance of the election of 1800 in American political history. Why is it sometimes called the \'Revolution of 1800\'? Federalists -- John Adams and Thomas Pinckney Argued that the country was being ruined by radicals Democrat-Republicans --Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr Argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the Constitution Federalists -- John Adams 65 electoral votes Democrat-Republicans -- Thomas Jefferson 73 electoral votes Aaron Burr 73 electoral votes **Breaking the Tie** House of Representatives voted 36 times before finally picking Thomas Jefferson as the President after Alexander Hamilton persuaded some Federalists to not vote for Burr This was the first time the House of Representatives decided on who would be president and this would lead to a change in our Constitution regarding how we choose our vice-presidents. This was also the peaceful replacement of power that went from the ideas of one party to the other. 12\. Assess the strategic importance of the Louisiana Purchase for the United States. How did Jefferson justify this action despite his belief in strict interpretation? Writers of the Constitution tried to make it general enough to be flexible There were problems interpreting the meaning Jefferson and Madison believed in a [strict interpretation or strict construction] of the Constitution, if it doesn't specifically state it, the federal government can't do it National Bank was not in the Constitution Hamilton argued that "the Constitution grants a power to Congress, it also grants Congress the necessary and proper means to carry out that power." - [loose interpretation or loose construction] Jefferson believed in strict interpretation of Constitution -- nothing in there about the President purchasing land Jefferson justified it by U.S. need for land for farmers April 30, 1803, U.S. made the Louisiana Purchase for 15 million dollars -- 3 cents per acre Doubled the size of the U.S. 13\. Analyze the goals and outcomes of the Lewis and Clark expedition. How did their journey contribute to American expansion and knowledge? Goals Find water route to Pacific Establish good relationship with Native Americans Returned the following year with a wealth of scientific and geographic information No water route to Pacific Tales of adventure, scientific and geographic information excited Americans and would have long-lasting effects 15\. Evaluate the causes and consequences of the War of 1812. How did this conflict affect America\'s standing on the world stage? British and Native Americans form an alliance War Hawks -- westerners who called for war against Britain for alliance with Native Americans American people also wanted war with Britain for problems at sea Congress declared war on Britain on June 18, 1812 **The Legacy of the War** 1\. increased patriotism Heroes -- Andrew Jackson and Oliver Perry and William Henry Harrison 2\. broke strength of Native Americans -- British aid 3\. Americans learned to rely on goods made in America 4\. proved they could defend itself against a powerful military and changed the relationship between the US and Britain 18\. Evaluate the significance of Eli Whitney\'s concept of interchangeable parts. How did this innovation change manufacturing? Eli Whitney Had a contract to make 10,000 muskets for the U.S. military Guns had been made one at a time and parts were different for each gun Interchangeable Parts All parts were exactly alike and could be used to make finished guns quickly Used this knowledge to make machines in factories Sped up production, made repairs easy, and labor did not have to be skilled System did require more supervision Some workers did not like this 19\. Evaluate the long-term effects of the cotton gin on the institution of slavery and the economy of the American South. Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin, a machine that cleans cotton more efficiently in 1793 New farm equipment = grow more food for factory worker in North = factories in North needed more cotton = growing of more cotton = need for more slaves 20\. Explain how improvements in transportation and communication during this period affected American unity and economic growth. **Moving People, Goods, and Messages** New inventions improved transportation Robert Fulton Created first steamboat that could move against current Clermont -- "Fulton's Folly" -- launched on the Hudson River in 1807 Henry Miller Shreve - Designed a more powerful engine and installed it on a steamboat Took it up the Mississippi in 1816 Samuel F.B. Morse -- created the telegraph that enable people to quickly send messages from one city to another 1844 sent message from Baltimore to Washington DC Steamboat and telegraph brought unity between the states 21\. Analyze the impact of technological advancements in agriculture during this period. How did they affect both the North and South? **Technology Improves Farming** John Deere -- invented a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge New plow was better for Midwestern soil Cyrus McCormick -- invented mechanical reaper (cut wheat) and threshing machine (separated kernels of wheat from husks) Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin, a machine that cleans cotton more efficiently in 1793 New farm equipment = grow more food for factory worker in North = factories in North needed more cotton = growing of more cotton = need for more slaves 23\. Explain the concept of sectionalism and how it manifested in early 19th century America. Provide specific examples. **Sectional Tensions Increase** While Nationalism brought the country together, Sectionalism -- loyalty to the interests of your own region or section of the country, began to tear it apart South -- cotton and slavery Northeast -- manufacturing and trade West -- cheap land and good transportation 24\. Analyze the key principles of the Monroe Doctrine. How did this foreign policy statement reflect America\'s growing influence on the world stage? **The Monroe Doctrine** James Monroe feared problems from Latin America and Russia December 1823 -- Monroe Doctrine Americas were closed to further colonization All European efforts to re-establish colonies would be dangerous to US peace and safety Established US as a world power and protector of Latin America US would not mess with European affairs 25\. Describe the main provisions of the Missouri Compromise. How did this agreement attempt to address the issue of slavery\'s expansion? Missouri applied for statehood in 1817 Slave states = 11 Free states = 11 Missouri wanted slavery -- this would offset the balance of power in Congress Divided the nation **The Missouri Compromise** Arguments were heated in Congress Southern congressmen feared slavery would be banned everywhere Maine applied for statehood Henry Clay Admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state Known as the Missouri Compromise Slavery was banned in the Louisiana Territory north of 36 degree and 30'