Topic-4 - PDF

Main Topic 4: ABCs of Non-literary Texts Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: Understand and apply the ABCs of non-literary texts. Improve the quality of written reports and documents. Enhance skills in nonliterary and objective writing. Accuracy A...

Main Topic 4: ABCs of Non-literary Texts Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: Understand and apply the ABCs of non-literary texts. Improve the quality of written reports and documents. Enhance skills in nonliterary and objective writing. Accuracy A report must be tactful in the recording of data, statement or calculating figures because error committed, and an illogical statement written can create confusion as well as doubts over the text. Use precise words to ensure a balanced and fair report. Example: Instead of saying "many people," specify "70% of surveyed individuals." Brevity Be direct and avoid redundancies or elaborate language and flowery words Example: Replace "Due to the fact that" with "Because." Coherence Ensure a logical arrangement of sentences with smooth transitions. Example: Use transitional phrases like "Furthermore," or "On the other hand," to connect ideas. Confidence - being an authority on the topic, establishing credibility Dignity Use formal language to convey authority as a writer. Example: Avoid slang; use "terminate" instead of "end." Emphasis Highlight important ideas through effective repetition and formatting. Example: Use bold or italics to emphasize key points. Facility Write with ease to enhance reader understanding; arrange data logically. Example: Present information from least to most important, or vice versa. Grammatical Correctness Adhere to grammar rules to maintain credibility. Example: Use subject-verb agreement and proper punctuation throughout. Honesty Acknowledge the contributions of others to demonstrate intellectual honesty. Example: Use citations for research or quotes from other authors. Illustration Use illustrative materials like graphic aids like charts, tables, and images to enhance comprehension. Example: Include a pie chart to illustrate data distribution visually. Judgment Focus on quality over quantity; collect relevant and concise data. Example: Prioritize key statistics that support your main argument. Knowledge Analyze and interpret data accurately. Example: Provide insights based on data trends rather than merely reporting numbers. Logic Organize parts of the report systematically, ensuring agreement among concepts. Example: Present hypotheses followed by evidence supporting each one. Mechanical Neatness Use proper formatting and presentation for clarity. Example: Ensure consistent margins and font styles throughout the document. Normal Procedure -clear, straightforward way to present factual, objective, and useful information. -follow acceptable arrangement of the different parts of a report. Example: Title, Objectives/Goals, Introduction Objectivity involves presenting facts and information without personal bias or subjective opinion. It ensures that the writing is fair, balanced, and based on verifiable evidence. Example: Using data, statistics, and credible sources to support your claims. Avoid emotional language that could skew the reader's perception. Planning Effective planning is essential for creating a coherent and comprehensive non-literary text. It involves organizing ideas, outlining content, and determining the structure before writing. Example: Creating a clear outline that breaks down the main points and subpoints of your document. This helps in visualizing the flow of information. Qualifications refers to the validity and relevance of the information presented in a non-literary text. It involves ensuring that the data and arguments used are credible and applicable to the topic at hand. Example: Using information from reputable and authoritative sources, such as academic journals, government publications, and established experts in the field. Revision the process of reviewing and improving a document to enhance clarity, coherence, and overall quality. It involves checking for errors, refining content, and ensuring that the text meets its intended purpose. Example: After drafting a technical report, take a break before revising. Read through the document multiple times, focusing first on content and organization, then on grammar and formatting. You might also share the draft with a colleague who can provide constructive feedback, helping you identify areas for improvement. Straight Sentences refer to clear, direct sentences that are often used for practical purposes, such as conveying information, instructions, or arguments. Maintain a smooth flow of sentences for easier reading. Example: Use clear and direct sentences to convey complex ideas simply. Thoroughness refers to the completeness and attention to detail in presenting information. It ensures that all relevant points are covered, leaving little room for ambiguity or misunderstanding. Example: Business Report: Incomplete: "The project was successful.“ Thorough: "The project was successful in meeting its objectives, including a 10% increase in user engagement and a 5% reduction in operational costs. Key factors contributing to this success were effective team collaboration, timely resource allocation, and adherence to the proposed timeline." Unity refers to the logical flow and consistency of ideas throughout a piece of writing. All parts of the text should contribute to the main topic or purpose, without irrelevant information or digressions. Example: Instructional Manual (for setting up a device): Lacking Unity: "Turn on the device. The weather today is pleasant. Make sure to connect the power cable." Unified: "Turn on the device by pressing the power button. Next, connect the power cable to the outlet and ensure it is securely plugged in." Viewpoint refers to the perspective or position from which the writer presents information, analysis, or arguments. The viewpoint should be consistent throughout the text and reflect the intended purpose, whether it is informative, persuasive, or analytical. In non-literary writing, the viewpoint is often objective and based on facts, though it may occasionally include subjective insights, especially in opinion pieces or argumentative essays. Viewpoint Examples of Viewpoint in Non-Literary Text Writing: News Article (Objective Viewpoint): "The city council approved the new housing development plan, which is expected to provide affordable housing to over 500 families. The plan has sparked debate among residents, with some supporting the initiative for its economic benefits, while others are concerned about environmental impacts." Opinion Essay (Subjective Viewpoint): "The new housing development plan is a necessary step toward solving the city's housing crisis. While some may argue about its environmental impacts, the long-term benefits of providing affordable housing far outweigh the drawbacks." Word Choice refers to selecting precise, appropriate, and clear words that convey the intended meaning without ambiguity or confusion. The goal is to choose language that suits the purpose of the text—whether it's to inform, instruct, or persuade—while ensuring accuracy, formality, and clarity. In non-literary writing, words should be direct and efficient, avoiding unnecessary jargon or overly complex expressions. Word Choice Examples of Word Choice in Non-Literary Text Writing: Business Report: Poor Word Choice: "The marketing department did some stuff that helped sales go up." Improved Word Choice: "The marketing department implemented targeted strategies that resulted in a 15% increase in sales." Instructional Manual: Poor Word Choice: "Put the thing in the right spot and turn it on." Improved Word Choice: "Place the device in the designated charging dock and press the power button to turn it on." You-Point refers to a writing technique that emphasizes the reader by using the word "you" to address them directly. In non-literary text writing, this technique is particularly useful in instructional materials, manuals, or persuasive writing, as it makes the content more engaging and reader-focused. By addressing the reader directly, the writer establishes a connection, making the information feel more relevant and personal. You-Point Example of You-Point in Non-Literary Text Writing: Instructional Manual: Without You-Point: "The user should ensure that the device is plugged in before turning it on." With You-Point: "Ensure that you plug in the device before turning it on." Persuasive Essay: Without You-Point: "One must consider the long-term benefits of investing in renewable energy." With You-Point: "You should consider the long-term benefits of investing in renewable energy." Zest refers to adding energy, liveliness, or enthusiasm to the content without sacrificing clarity or professionalism. While non-literary texts tend to be more formal and straightforward, incorporating zest can make the writing more engaging and compelling, especially in persuasive, promotional, or instructional materials. Zest is often achieved through vivid language, varied sentence structure, and a tone that grabs the reader's attention. Zest Example of Zest in Non-Literary Text Writing: Instructional Manual: Without Zest: "Follow these steps to set up your device." With Zest: "Ready to get started? Follow these simple steps to set up your device and unlock its full potential!" Persuasive Writing: Without Zest: "Investing in renewable energy is a smart decision for the future." With Zest: "Imagine a future powered by clean, sustainable energy—investing in renewable energy today is your first step toward that brighter tomorrow!" Problem Solving Exercises Task: Apply the ABCs of Non-literary Texts Purpose: To enhance skills in nonliterary and objective writing. Exercise 1: Apply the ABCs of Non-literary Texts on a Poorly Constructed Instructional Manual (Accuracy, Brevity, and Clarity) Objective: To practice applying the principles of Accuracy, Brevity, and Clarity in creating concise and effective non-literary text. Instructions 1. Read the sample non-literary text of a poorly constructed instructional manual. 2. Then, revise it by applying the ABCs of non- literary texts, focusing on accuracy, brevity, and clarity. Apply Accuracy Ensure that the steps are specific, complete, and factually correct. Look for any vague or confusing instructions. Apply Brevity Condense long-winded sentences or paragraphs by eliminating unnecessary details, repetitions, or irrelevant information. Apply Clarity Rephrase complex or unclear sentences into simpler, more straightforward language. Ensure that each step is easy to follow. Poorly Constructed Instructional Manual: How to Assemble a Bookshelf Step 1: Opening the Package Once you’ve received the box and you bring it into the room where you’ll be putting the bookshelf together, make sure to open the box carefully. You can use a knife, scissors, or something sharp, but just be careful not to scratch anything inside. There are a lot of different parts in the box, like wood pieces and screws, so you’ll want to make sure you don’t lose anything. Take everything out of the box and put it on the floor so you can see what you’re working with. Make sure to also have a clear space to work in so you don’t lose anything or get confused. Step 2: Putting the Frame Together Next, you will need to put the frame of the bookshelf together. This part is a bit tricky because there are a lot of screws and different sized pieces of wood that need to be connected, and you have to make sure you have the right ones in the right places. So, you should check all the pieces and try to match them up before you start. The long pieces go on the sides, and the shorter pieces go on the top and bottom, but sometimes it’s hard to tell which is which. Use the screwdriver that you got from the box to screw in the screws, but don’t tighten them too much at first because you might need to make adjustments later. Step 3: Installing the Shelves Now that you have the frame together, it’s time to install the shelves. There are several shelves included, but you can choose how many to use depending on how much space you want between them. Just make sure they are level. If you want to put books on the shelves, you might want to put them closer together, but if you want to display something tall like a vase, you should put fewer shelves and space them out more. Each shelf should be attached with small screws, and you will need to tighten these screws with the same screwdriver you used before. Sometimes the shelves can be a little wobbly, so you might have to go back and tighten everything again if that happens. Step 4: Final Adjustments When everything is put together, you’ll want to make sure the bookshelf is sturdy and not leaning to one side. If it is, check to see if the floor is uneven, and you might need to move the bookshelf to a different spot or put something under one of the legs to level it out. If it seems like something isn’t quite right with the frame, you might need to take the screws out and start again to make sure all the pieces are in the right places. Once it looks good, make sure you clean up all the tools and any leftover screws or pieces of wood. Exercise 2: Apply the ABCs of Non-literary Texts on a Poorly Written News Article Objective: To practice applying the principles of Dignity, Emphasis, Facility, and Grammatical Correctness in creating an effective news article. Instructions 1. Read the poorly written news article and identify the areas that need revision. 2. Then, revise it by applying the ABCs of non- literary texts, focusing on dignity, emphasis, facility, and grammatical correctness. A. Apply Dignity. Revise the tone to ensure it reflects professionalism and respect, especially regarding public officials and community concerns. B. Apply Emphasis. Ensure the article highlights the key points and presents them in an impactful way. C. Apply Facility. Simplify sentences for easier understanding and smoother flow. D. Apply Grammatical Correctness. Correct grammatical mistakes and refine sentence structure. Poorly Written News Article: Barangay Health Center to Be Renovated Title: The Barangay Health Center is Finally Getting Fixed! The barangay health center, which has been in really bad shape for years, is finally going to be renovated. People have been complaining about the broken chairs and leaking roof for forever, and now the local government is finally doing something about it. Workers started last week fixing things up, and they’re saying it will be a couple of months before everything’s done. Barangay Captain Santos said, “We know people are mad about the condition of the center, but we’re working on it.” Some folks are happy, but others are like, “Why didn’t you do this sooner?” It’s been a mess for a while. The government’s spending P1.5 million on the renovation, which sounds like a lot, but apparently, it’s needed. They’re going to fix the roof, put in new chairs, and improve the facilities for patients. Hopefully, once it’s all done, people will stop complaining. It’s really important for the barangay to have a nice place where people can get treated. Exercise 3: Applying the ABCs of NLTs to a Poorly Constructed Advertisement Instructions 1. Read the following poorly constructed advertisement and analyze how it will be improved to become more attention-grabbing. 2. Then, revise it by applying the principles of NLTs focusing on word choice, viewpoint, and zest. Apply Viewpoint. Present a balanced and positive perspective without sounding overly aggressive or making unfounded claims. Focus on the customer’s needs. Apply Word Choice. Use specific, compelling, and appropriate language. Avoid informal and vague terms like "good" or "you need to buy it." Apply Zest. Add enthusiasm and energy to the advertisement while staying persuasive and professional. Create excitement around the product. Poorly Constructed Advertisement: Smartphone Promotion Title: The New XPhone 12 – Buy It Now! The XPhone 12 is the best phone you can get right now, and you need to buy it as soon as possible. It has a good camera, and the battery lasts for a while, so you won’t have to charge it all the time. Plus, the screen is big, which is great for watching videos. If you don’t get this phone, you’re going to miss out. All your friends probably already have it, so don’t be the last one. It’s also available at a low price, so why wait? Go to your nearest store and get the XPhone 12 today. Don’t waste time! Sample Revised Versions of NLTs Revised Instructional Manual: How to Assemble a Bookshelf Step 1: Unpack the Box Carefully open the box using scissors or a knife. Remove all parts, including wood pieces and screws, and lay them out on the floor for easy access. Ensure you have a clean, spacious work area to avoid losing any components. Step 2: Assemble the Frame Begin assembling the bookshelf frame. Identify the long side pieces and short top and bottom pieces. Use the screwdriver included in the package to secure the screws, but do not fully tighten them until all pieces are aligned. Step 3: Install the Shelves Decide how many shelves to install based on your needs. For displaying taller items, space the shelves farther apart. Attach each shelf using the provided screws, ensuring they are level. Tighten the screws securely. Step 4: Make Final Adjustments Check the bookshelf for stability. If it leans, adjust the position or place a shim under the legs. If the frame appears uneven, unscrew the parts and reassemble as needed. Once satisfied, clean up any tools and leftover materials. Revised Sample Article: Barangay Health Center to Undergo Major Renovation Title: Barangay Health Center Set for Renovation After Years of Complaints The Barangay Health Center, which has long suffered from structural issues, is finally undergoing much-needed renovations. For years, residents have voiced concerns over broken furniture, inadequate facilities, and a leaking roof. Last week, the local government launched the renovation project, which is expected to be completed within two months. Barangay Captain Santos acknowledged the delays in addressing the center's condition, stating, "We understand the community's frustrations, and we are committed to making improvements." The local government has allocated P1.5 million for the project, which includes repairing the roof, upgrading the seating, and enhancing patient care facilities. While many residents are pleased with the progress, some question why the renovations took so long to start. The health center is a vital resource for the barangay, and once the upgrades are completed, it is expected to provide a more comfortable and functional environment for the community. Revised Advertisement: Smartphone Promotion Title: Elevate Your Experience with the XPhone 12 Step into the future with the all-new XPhone 12, a smartphone designed to enhance your everyday life. With its cutting-edge camera technology, capture stunning photos in any lighting. The powerful battery ensures you stay connected throughout the day without worrying about frequent recharging. Plus, the vibrant, high- definition display offers a cinematic experience perfect for streaming your favorite shows or gaming on the go. Don’t settle for ordinary—embrace extraordinary! Whether you’re a tech enthusiast or just looking for an upgrade, the XPhone 12 delivers performance, style, and innovation at an unbeatable price. Join the growing community of XPhone users who have already made the switch and are loving every moment. Visit your nearest store today and discover the XPhone 12. Your next-level smartphone experience awaits!