Zoo 14 University Zoology PDF

ZOO 14 University Zoology Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in MB 110. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and...

ZOO 14 University Zoology Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in MB 110. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2023  TOPIC 1A Evolution of Animals: Origin of Animal Multicellularity Copyright © 2023. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024  Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024  Fungi Plants Metazoans Common Ancestor = NODE (population) https://www.hiclipart.com/ https://www.cleanpng.com/ https://pngtree.com/ Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024  https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/126239/fpls-05-00737-HTML/image_m/fpls-05-00737-g001.jpg Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 https://vertlife.org/data/JetzEtAl2012_birds_fig1.jpg https://media.springernature.com/m685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnmicrobiol.2016.48/MediaObjects/41564_2016_Article_BFnmicrobiol201648_Fig1_HTML.jpg Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024  https://www.britannica.com/science/life/Life-on-Earth Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024  https://www.britannica.com/science/life/Life-on-Earth Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 HOW DO MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS ARISE FROM UNICELLULAR ANCESTORS? https://cdn.britannica.com/55/183355-050-769A31D1/Budding-yeast-cells.jpg https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.viki.com%2Fcelebrities%2F21404pr-cha-eun- Multicellular: Human woo&psig=AOvVaw0ILmGJcR2uQzifwVnnmIT9&ust=1724836952854000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjRxqFwoTCLiByMfslIgDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ Unicellular: Yeast Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024  HOW DO MULTICELLULAR BEINGS ARISE FROM UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS? ✓ Cells adhere together, forming clusters or filaments. ✓ Natural selection starts acting at the level of groups, not just single cells. a. Variation in group-level traits that affect the survival or reproduction of groups. b. These group-level traits to be heritable. ✓ Multicellular adaptations, like cellular communication and division of labor. https://www.slideserve.com/stamos/the-evolution-of-multicellularity Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 HYPOTHESIS: Cell Aggregation https://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-019-1452-x https://www.slideserve.com/stamos/the-evolution-of-multicellularity Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 True multicellularity requires a division of labor among cells: some cells become the germ line and others become the somatic line. https://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-019-1452-x Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 https://vertlife.org/data/JetzEtAl2012_birds_fig1.jpg https://media.springernature.com/m685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnmicrobiol.2016.48/MediaObjects/41564_2016_Article_BFnmicrobiol201648_Fig1_HTML.jpg Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 HYPOTHESIS: Colonial Hypothesis https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Ftopics%2Fbiochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology%2Fchoanoflagellate&psig=AOvVaw1OQNjiT- TJAm3WjuXDjTgL&ust=1724894518244000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=2ahUKEwiMpMb5wpaIAxW6pVYBHYX9AMUQjRx6BAgAEBg Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 HYPOTHESIS: Colonial Hypothesis Bacterium (prey) https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-9492af20831c1f1e62488938f1e82524-c choanoflagellate Spermatozoa (human) Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 HYPOTHESIS: Colonial Hypothesis https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/cbse-biology-class-10/section/3.11/related/lesson/animal-evolution-bio/ https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/courses-images/wp-content/uploads/sites/1223/2017/02/03002436/Figure_28_01_02.png Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024  Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 HYPOTHESIS: Colonial Hypothesis flagellum collar Cell body choanoflagellate colony feeding cells of sponges (choanocytes) choanoflagellate https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/14/science/14creatures.html Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 HYPOTHESIS: Syncytial Hypothesis states that multicellularity could have resulted from a syncytial protists, wherein plasma membranes would have developed in its cytoplasm. This would have led to the formation of numerous cells inside the syncytium. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346147981/figure/fig1/AS:983494197014529@1611494697688/Examples-of-syncytia-in-nature-a-Myoblasts-are-fused-to-form-multinucleated-muscle.ppm Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 HYPOTHESIS: Syncytial Hypothesis Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 HYPOTHESIS: Endosymbiotic Theory https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fendosymbiotic-theory-of-evolution- 1224532&psig=AOvVaw0wYpMvWvOBbeF_Gw16mH0p&ust=1724903471294000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjRxqFwoTCMC9gLnklogDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 HYPOTHESIS: Endosymbiotic Theory Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS13695 27414001283&psig=AOvVaw0wYpMvWvOBbeF_Gw16mH0p&ust=1724903471294000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89 978449&ved=0CBQQjRxqFwoTCMC9gLnklogDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ NREMadarcos2024 ADVANTAGES OF MULTICELLULARITY: ✓ Increase in size of the organism ✓ Permit cell specialization ✓ Increase surface area to volume ratio Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 DISADVANTAGES OF MULTICELLULARITY: ✓ Interdependence ✓ Complexity Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024  https://www.britannica.com/science/life/Life-on-Earth Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024  https://kidspressmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/dreamstimelarge_366980012.jpg Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 Millipede (a myriapod) https://press.uchicago.edu/dam/jcr:0232ed0c-5b1b-40ab-97c3- 69be580c7a57/Pages%20from%20978-0-226-16361-1-text_img_0.2016-04-15-12-07-17.jpg Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 Silurian scorpion, Parioscorpio venator https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56010-z Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 Parioscorpio venator Centruroides exilicauda Hadogenes troglodytes https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56010-z Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 Many important animal adaptations evolved in invertebrates. Without these adaptations, vertebrates would not have been able to evolve. They include: ✓ Tissues, organs, and organ systems. ✓ A symmetrical body. ✓ A brain and sensory organs. ✓ A fluid-filled body cavity. ✓ A complete digestive system. ✓ A body divided into segments. https://t3.ftcdn.net/jpg/05/02/21/44/360_F_502214420_6Z6cGLv5K7NYlIRAwCf3Qybr67HMaL6J.jpg Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024 FEATURES OF ANIMAL KINGDOM: ✓ Multicellularity – many have complex bodies ✓ Most have complex tissue structure ✓ Heterotrophy: obtain energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms ✓ Active movement: Move more rapidly and in more complex ways ✓ Diversity of form and size ✓ Range in size from microscopic to enormous https://t3.ftcdn.net/jpg/05/02/21/44/360_F_502214420_6Z6cGLv5K7NYlIRAwCf3Qybr67HMaL6J.jpg Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024  Copyright © 2024. This course material is intended solely for the personal use of the student enrolled in Zoo 14. No part of this course material can be reproduced, reposted, or replicated without permission from the Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Tacloban College NREMadarcos2024