Tongue and Soft Palate Muscles PDF

TONGUE AND PHARYNGEAL MUSCLES Dr. Jessa Mayet A. Sumatra-Mabalot TONGUE Thick vascular mass o voluntary muscle surrounded by a mucous membrane that is anchored to the oor of the mouth by the lingual frenulum Consists of symmetric halves divided by the median septum Deep tendinous ban...

TONGUE AND PHARYNGEAL MUSCLES Dr. Jessa Mayet A. Sumatra-Mabalot TONGUE Thick vascular mass o voluntary muscle surrounded by a mucous membrane that is anchored to the oor of the mouth by the lingual frenulum Consists of symmetric halves divided by the median septum Deep tendinous band located within the midline fl TONGUE Muscles grouped according to their location Intrinsic O:Inside the tongue A: change the shape of the tongue Extrinsic O/I:Originated outside but inserts inside the tongue A: move the tongue while suspending and anchoring the tongue to bony structures of the mandible, the styloid process, and the hyoid bone INTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES 4 Pairs Superior longitudinal muscle Transverse muscle Vertical muscle Inferior longitudinal muscle INTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES Superior longitudinal muscle Most super cial Runs in an oblique and longitudinal direction from base to apex Change the shape of the tongue by shortening and thickening it Act singly to help it curl in Left lateral view of the tongue various direction fi INTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES Inferior longitudinal muscle Close to the ventral surface of the tongue Runs in a longitudinal direction from base to apex Change the shape of the tongue by shortening and thickening it Act singly to help it curl in various direction Left lateral view of the tongue INTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES Transverse muscle Deep to the superior longitudinal muscle Runs in a transverse direction from median septum toward the lateral surface Left midsagiittal view of the tongue INTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES Vertical muscle Runs in a vertical direction from the dorsal surface to the ventral surface in the body Left midsagiittal view of the tongue EXTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES Palatoglossus Styloglossus Genioglossus Hyoglossus Right anterolateral view of the tongue EXTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES Palatoglossus Forms the anterior faucial pillar in the oral cavity, a vertical fold anterior to each palatine tonsil O: median palatine raphe I: lateral surface of the tongue A: elevates the base of the tongue; depresses the soft palate Anterior view of the tongue EXTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES Styloglossus O: styloid process I: tongue A: retracts the tongue; moving it superiorly and posteriorly Anterior view of the tongue EXTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES Genioglossus Fan-shaped muscle superior to the geniohyoid O: genial tubercle on medial surface of the mandible I: tongue, hyoid bone A: protrudes tongue; depress parts of the tongue surface Anterior view of the tongue EXTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES Hyoglossus O: greater Cornu and body of hyoid bone I: tongue (lateral surface) A: depress the tongue Anterior view of the tongue MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX Muscles of the Pharynx Involved in speaking, swallowing, and middle ear function Part of both respiratory and digestive tracts and is also connected to both the nasal and oral cavities Consist of the: Stylopharyngeus Pharyngeal constrictors Muscles of the soft palate  Stylopharyngeus muscle Paired longitudinal muscle of the pharynx O: styloid process I: lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls A: elevates and simultaneously widens pharynx N: CN IX  Pharyngeal constrictor muscle Form the lateral and posterior walls of the pharynx 3 pairs (superior, middle, inferior) All 3 pairs raise the pharynx and larynx and help drive food inferiorly into the esophagus during swallowing  Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle O: hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, mandible and pterygomandibular raphe I: attached to other pharyngeal constrictor and buccinator muscles at the pterygomandibular raphe N: CN X (pharyngeal plexus)  Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle O: hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament I:pharyngeal raphe N: CN X (pharyngeal plexus)  Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle O: thyroid and cricoid cartilage I:pharyngeal raphe N: CN X (pharyngeal plexus) Muscles of the Soft Palate 5 pairs of muscles Soft palate forms the non bony posterior part of the roof of the mouth or the oropharynx and connects laterally with the tongue All are involved in speaking and swallowing All muscles except the tensor veil palatini are innervated by CN X (pharyngeal plexus) Tensor veli palatini — innervated by medial pterygoid nerve  Palatopharyngeus muscle Forms the posterior faucial pillar in the oral cavity O: soft palate I: laryngopharynx and thyroid cartilage A: moves the palate posteroinferiorly and the posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly to help close o the nasopharynx (tenses soft palate) ff  Palatopharyngeus muscle A: moves the palate posteroinferiorly and the posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly to help close o the nasopharynx (tenses soft palate) Pharyngeal constrictor Palatopharyngeus Posterior view of the pharynx ff  Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Mainly located superior to the soft palate O: Inferior surface of the temporal bone I: median palatine raphe A: raises the soft palate and helps bring it into contact with posterior pharyngeal wall to close o the nasopharynx during speech and swallowing ff  Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle Special muscle that sti ens the soft palate Also responsible for opening of the auditory tube O: auditory tube area, inferior surface of the sphenoid bone I: median palatine raphe A:tenses and slightly lowers the soft palate ff  Muscle of the Uvula Lies entirely within the uvula of the palate A:shortens and broadens the uvula; help close o nasopharynx during swallowing ff