Thyroid and Parathyroid PDF

5 Thyroid CLASSIFICATION THERAPEUTIC MECHANISM OF ACTION ADVERSE EFFECTS DRUG USES...

5 Thyroid CLASSIFICATION THERAPEUTIC MECHANISM OF ACTION ADVERSE EFFECTS DRUG USES EXEMPLARS Thyroid Hypothyroidism Synthetic form of thyroxine Few if any when correct dose levothyroxine Hormone (T4,T3, or both) used (Synthroid) Replacement Treatment of Increase the metabolic rate of body Skin reactions, loss of hair myxedema coma tissues, increasing oxygen Symptoms of hyperthyroidism consumption, respiration, heart rate, (anxiety, GI upset, sweating, Suppression growth and maturation, and weight loss, heat intolerance) if of TSH in metabolism of fat, carbohydrates, and dose too high the protein Less predictable effects: cardiac, treatment/pr CNS, difficulty swallowing eve ntion of goiters Antithyroid Agents Hyperthyroidis prevent formation of thyroid Effects of thyroid suppression; GI effects Propylthiour m( Graves) hormone within the thyroid cells, Agranulocytosis, GI upset, rash when acil (PTU) (Thioamides) lowering the serum level; also dose is too high, leads to hypothyroidism and partially inhibit (cold intolerance, weight gain, methimazole conversion of T4 to T3 bradycardia, lethargy, depression) (Tapazole) Note: Hepatotoxicity Monitor CBC levels and liver function Thyroid cancer Destroys thyroid producing cells Fatigue, nausea, dry mouth, sore throat, Radioactive headache, infertility, bone marrow Iodine suppression, leukpenia, dysphagia, (RAI) thyroidal tenderness, taste changes (metallic taste)  Thyrotoxic Inhibits thyroid production & Hypothyroidism; iodism; staining Potassium crisis/storm hormone release d/t high levels of of teeth; skin rash; goiter iodide (Iosat, Pre-Thyroide iodide Thyrosafe, cto my -shrinks the thyroid before Thyroshield) removal - Keep one hour apart from other antithyroid meds Parathyroid Synthetic vitamin hypocalcemia regulate absorption of calcium and GI effects Calcitriol D analog phosphate from small intestine, CNS effects mineral reabsorption in bone, Patients with liver or renal reabsorption of phosphate from dysfunction may experience renal tubes increased level of drugs and/or toxic effects Hypercalcemia 6 Interruption of treatment: severe hypocalcemia *side note- calcium has 3 main function (bones, blood-clotting factor, beats -heart beats) Antihypercalce Treatment of Act to slow or block bone resorption Most common: abdominal pain, Bisphosphonates mic Agents Paget’s disease constipation, musculoskeletal pain, nausea, diarrhea Alendronate Increase in bone pain with (Fosamax) Paget’s disease Esophageal ulceration Long-term use: increased risk of femoral shaft fractures Osteonecrosis of the jaw-a part of your jawbone pokes through your gum Lower -Balance the effects of PTH Flushing of the face and hands, skin Calcitonins calcium -Inhibit bone resorption rash, nausea and vomiting, urinary levels frequency, local inflammation at the Calcitonin site of injection salmon -Intranasal route: nasal dryness (Miacalcin) and irritation -Many of the side effects lessen with time