Theory Exam 1 Powerpoint Outlines PDF

Lecture 1 Societal Trends Influence OT Practice - - - - - - Biomechanics -- Biomechanical FOR Reductionism Kinematics - - Behaviorism: Watson, Skinner and Pavlov - - - Vocational training- supervised work placement in physical and mental health setting...

Lecture 1 Societal Trends Influence OT Practice - - - - - - Biomechanics -- Biomechanical FOR Reductionism Kinematics - - Behaviorism: Watson, Skinner and Pavlov - - - Vocational training- supervised work placement in physical and mental health settings - The Rehabilitation FOR - - - - - - - - - - Emphasis on group process, group dynamics -- to "resocialization" patients leaving an institution Groups Mary Reilly's Occupational Behavior Model (1962) "Man through the use of his hands as they are energized by mind and will, can influence the state of his own health." Mary Reilly, 1962 - AOTF grants to develop standardized tools. State licensure. New FORs, New Models and new clinical considerations - 2000. WHO revises classification system in identifying health as "more than just the absence of disease". OTPF published 2002 OTPF (2nd Ed.) 2008 Adoption of the Centennial Vision (2017) - "We envision that occupational therapy is a powerful, widely recognized, science-driven, and evidence-based profession with a globally connected and diverse workforce meeting society's occupational needs." Occupational Justice- "embracing the view that OT practice includes adaptation of activity demands or expectations and removal of environmental and social barriers" 2010. Continued move away from reductionism and the medical model (1930s) Holistic view of occupation, including meaning of social roles and contexts within a client\'s life. Focus on social connections and relationships Adoption of Vision 2025- "As an inclusive profession, occupational therapy maximizes health, well-being, and quality of life for all people, populations, and communities through effective solutions that facilitate participation in everyday living. Lecture 2 What is Occupational Science? ============================= - - - - Occupational Science as a Basic Science ======================================= 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Occupational Science as an Applied Science ========================================== - - Occupational Science as a Translational Science =============================================== Occupational Science as a Translational Science =============================================== - USC Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center Pressure Ulcer Prevention Research Program =============================================================================================== - - Occupational Science as a Translational ScienceThe Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and the Preferences for Activities of Children ====================================================================================================================================================== - - - Lecture 3 Importance of Theoretical Discovery =================================== Observation: Childhood motor development Clinical Question: What makes children clumsy?  Occupation Based Models ======================= - - - - - - - - Frames of Reference =================== - - Cognitive Conditions Toglia's Dynamic Interactional FOR Allen's Cognitive Levels Psychodynamic FOR Cognitive Behavioral FOR Applied Behavioral FOR Developmental FOR Motor Learning FOR Transtheoretical FOR Conditions of Praxis and Sensory Processing Sensory Integration Sensory Processing Behavioral Health Conditions Psychodynamic FOR Cognitive Behavioral FOR Applied Behavioral FOR Developmental FOR Physical Conditions Developmental FOR Motor Learning FOR Motor Control FOR Biomechanical FOR Rehabilitative FOR Contemporary View of FOR ======================== 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Research: Evidence that supports the FOR and its clinical effectiveness. Example: Biomechanical FOR ========================== 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. "Planned use of \[clinician's\] personality, insights, perceptions, and judgments as part of the therapeutic process" (Punwar & Peloquin, 2000, p. 285, as cited in Taylor et al., 2009). Therapeutic Use of Self ======================= Therapeutic use of self Lecture The Intentional Relationship Model describes a therapist's tasks and demands for establishing and sustaining a productive relationship with a client. 4 Main Components 1. 2. 3. 4. Intentional Relationship Model (IRM)Renee Taylor, PhD ===================================================== Client 14 Interpersonal Characteristics ======================================= 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 12 Inevitable Interpersonal Events of Therapy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 3. Therapist Therapeutic Response Modes ======================================= Interpersonal reasoning approach, guides therapist in building therapeutic rapport and managing interactions with clients 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Lecture 4 MODELS/THEORY INFLUENCING OT ============================ - - - WHO PARADIGM SHIFT (2001) ========================= - - - MEDICAL MODEL OF DISABILITY =========================== - - - SOCIAL MODEL OF DISABILITY ========================== MEDICAL VS. SOCIAL MODEL OF DISABILITY ======================================  BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL ===================== BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL IN PRACTICE ================================= Habtewold et al. (2016). Comorbidity of depression and diabetes: an application of biopsychosocial model. Int J Ment Health Syst. 10:74 DOI 10.1186/s13033-016-0106-2 - - "There is not one thing that has created the presenting problem for a given client, but rather a series of forces that have contributed to the client's present state of being" (Cole & Tufano, 2020, p. 62). Living organisms (our clients!) are influenced by: 1. 2. 3. 4. SYSTEMS THEORY ============== - - - - SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY ======================= [[HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=MRW45C4\_HU]](https://www.youtube.com/WATCH?V=MRW45C4_HU) ======================================================================================================= Capacity to influence oneself and others ======================================== - - - Individual/Group/Population Level Ex: Recent high school graduate with intellectual difficulties HUMAN AGENCY ============ - - - - - 4 CORE FEATURES OF HUMAN AGENCY =============================== - - - FEDERAL INITIATIVES =================== Affordable Care Act: Disease prevention and wellness promotion - - - - - Health Promotion Levels of Prevention - - - - - - WILCOCK'S THEORY OF RISK FACTORS ================================ Death & Illness Pre-Clinical Disorders Risk Factors (stress from Occupational Imbalance, Deprivation, Alienation) Occupational Institutions & Activities (Technology, Legislation, Media, Employment, Fiscal, Social & Health, Sports/Rec, Ecology, Education, Commercial, Local Regulations) Underlying Occupational Factors (Economy, National Policies & Priorities, Culture) OCCUPATIONAL IMBALANCE ====================== Having a configuration of activities that does not allow for the higher order needs to be met \- creates occupational imbalance. OCCUPATIONAL DEPRIVATION ======================== - - - - - - OCCUPATIONAL ALIENATION ======================= - - THE EIGHT DIMENSIONS OF WELLNESS ================================ Swarbrick, M. (2006). A wellness approach. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 29,(4) 311- 314.  19 WELLNESS PROGRAMMING: ===================== Chronic disease self management program ======================================= - - - - WELLNESS PROGRAMMING: ===================== Lifestyle Redesign ================== - - - Outcomes: improvements in functional status, life satisfaction, health-related quality of life, bodily pain, vitality, mental health, depression, and quality adjusted life years. Lecture 5: RECOVERY MODEL ============== Recovery-A process of change during which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential (SAMHSA, 2024) Recovery Model Pillars: Key factors: self-determination, self-acceptance, peer support, strength based "Motivational Interviewing is a collaborative conversation style for strengthening a person's own motivation and commitment to change" (Miller & Rollnick, 2013, p. 12). Recovery graphic Transtheoretical Model AKAStages of Change Model ================================================ - - - - - -  Trauma Informed Care (SAMHSA) ============================= Setting New Standards with Trauma Informed Care - Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute ACEs ==== There is a relationship between a history of childhood trauma and adult health problems Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) - - -  California Kaiser study (1995- 1997) of ACEs included 17,337 people - - - - - - - Kaiser ACE Study: The more ACEs an individual reported, the more likely they were to engage in negative health behaviors and be at an elevated risk for the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. CDC-Kaiser ACE Study Pyramid 1 \| Download Scientific Diagram CLINICAL/PROFESSIONAL REASONING =============================== Developed by Barbara Boyt Schell "The process that practitioners use to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care" (Schell, 2019, p. 482). Therapist and Client - - - - Therapist - - Therapeutic Context - Model of Clinical/Professional Reasoning ======================================== - - - - - - Clinical/Professional Reasoning =============================== - - - - Narrative Reasoning =================== Scientific reasoning is based on understanding of the disease course, the typical pattern of their injury, illness and the resulting functional/dysfunctional performance. Scientific Reasoning ====================  Your client with COPD is having difficulty with ADLs, specifically bathing. Based on our knowledge of this condition, this is expected, as tolerance to physical activity is reduced because of reduced lung capacity. Your Ix focuses on educating your client on energy conservation techniques while completing their morning routine. Based on your continued observations and reports from your client, with modifications, they are able to gain a higher level of I functioning. - Scientific Reasoning- In practice ================================= Your client with a unilateral hip replacement is reporting trouble with IADL's, specifically finances. Based on our knowledge of his condition this isn't expected, OT assumes troubles may be cognitive. Testing reveals cognition intact, OT observes again and suspects vision loss, screening indicates this is probable...referred for vision exam. Scientific Reasoning- In practice ================================= Practical considerations of therapy 1\. context of the therapeutic environment: - - - - - - 2\. context of the family - - Pragmatic Reasoning =================== Consideration of what is happening in the moment - - - Conditional Reasoning - - Interactive reasoning: What "should" be done in the best interest of the person, family, community, society at large. ===================================================================================================================== Ethical Reasoning ================= - - - - Tools to develop Clinical reasoning =================================== - - - - - - - -