Occupational Therapy Concepts and Reasoning
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Questions and Answers

What might be surprising about the client with a unilateral hip replacement's reported trouble with IADLs, specifically finances?

  • Clients with hip replacements typically have cognitive impairments.
  • Cognitive testing revealed intact cognitive function. (correct)
  • Vision complications are uncommon after hip replacement surgery.
  • Financial difficulties are expected after a hip replacement.

    • In the context of therapeutic environments, what factor is most relevant when assessing a client's performance in IADLs?

  • The client's physical ability prior to intervention.
  • The time of day when therapy sessions occur.
  • The presence or absence of family support.
  • The external distractions present in the environment. (correct)

    • How does pragmatic reasoning differ from other forms of clinical reasoning?

  • It focuses solely on theoretical knowledge without practical application.
  • It considers the immediate context and circumstances affecting the client. (correct)
  • It evaluates the potential long-term outcomes of therapy strategies.
  • It prioritizes ethical considerations over practical solutions.

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of conditional reasoning in clinical practice?

    <p>It provides insight into the broader implications of treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does ethical reasoning play in the practice of occupational therapy?

    <p>It influences the decision-making process regarding client welfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept emphasizes the importance of understanding the broader social and environmental factors in health rather than just the absence of disease?

    <p>Occupational Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mary Reilly's Occupational Behavior Model emphasizes which aspect of a person's health?

    <p>The influence of hands and mental will on health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a key shift in the focus of occupational therapy, particularly noted in recent decades?

    <p>A holistic view including social roles and contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marks the adoption of a vision that includes maximizing health and quality of life for diverse populations in occupational therapy?

    <p>Adoption of the Centennial Vision in 2017</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What foundational theory is central to the understanding of actions within a larger social context in occupational therapy?

    <p>Occupational Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the adoption of Vision 2025 for occupational therapy emphasize?

    <p>The importance of evidence-based practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the World Health Organization revise its classification system in the context of occupational therapy?

    <p>To reflect health as more than absence of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of implementing a group process in occupational therapy practice?

    <p>To support the resocialization of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept addresses how therapeutic relationships are built and sustained?

    <p>The Intentional Relationship Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a key focus of the Biomechanical Frame of Reference?

    <p>Physical rehabilitation strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical question that arises in studying childhood motor development?

    <p>What makes children clumsy?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following frames of reference primarily addresses conditions relating to emotional and cognitive processes?

    <p>Cognitive Behavioral FOR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these frames of reference would be most applicable to improving sensory processing in clients?

    <p>Sensory Integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the role of planned use of the therapist's self in therapy?

    <p>Incorporate personal insights and judgments into therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the contemporary view of Frames of Reference?

    <p>Integration of research evidence supporting clinical effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Theory or Model addresses the relation of occupation to health and well-being?

    <p>Occupation Based Models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social cognitive theory in relation to human agency?

    <p>Understanding individual motivation in a social context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component does NOT represent a part of Wilcock's theory of risk factors?

    <p>Social Media Influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does occupational imbalance affect an individual?

    <p>It deprives individual well-being and satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is a focus of the Affordable Care Act in terms of health promotion?

    <p>Promoting wellness and disease prevention initiatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is associated with lifestyle redesign programs?

    <p>Improvements in health-related quality of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes occupational deprivation?

    <p>An inability to engage in meaningful activities due to external factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'human agency' refer to?

    <p>The capacity to influence oneself and others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best captures the essence of the eight dimensions of wellness?

    <p>They incorporate multiple aspects of a person's life for comprehensive wellness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key factors in the Recovery Model?

    <p>Self-determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Motivational Interviewing?

    <p>To collaborate and enhance motivation for change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the ACEs research, what is the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult health?

    <p>More ACEs are linked to negative health behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning is based on understanding the typical disease course in clinical/professional reasoning?

    <p>Scientific reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one expected challenge for a client with COPD regarding activities of daily living?

    <p>Struggles with bathing due to reduced lung capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of Trauma Informed Care is emphasized when addressing individuals with a history of childhood trauma?

    <p>Understanding the impact of trauma on health behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Recovery Model emphasize regarding the nature of individual progress?

    <p>It is a journey towards self-directed living and wellness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Clinical/Professional Reasoning in client care?

    <p>To plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scientific Reasoning

    • Client with unilateral hip replacement reports difficulty with IADL's, specifically finances.
    • Cognition is intact but OT suspects vision loss.
    • Vision screening indicates probable vision loss and client is referred for a vision exam.

    Practical Considerations of Therapy

    • Context of the therapeutic environment
      • Consider the physical space and equipment available, as well as client's comfort level.
    • Context of the family
      • Consider family supports, caregiver burden, and involvement in therapy.

    Pragmatic Reasoning

    • What is happening in the moment?
    • What are the client's current needs and priorities?
    • What are the environmental factors influencing the situation?

    Conditional Reasoning

    • If the current intervention is not working, what are the alternative options?
    • What are the potential risks and benefits of each option?

    Interactive Reasoning

    • What is the best course of action for the client, their family, and society as a whole?
    • Consider ethical considerations and potential long-term implications.

    Ethical Reasoning

    • Ensure client autonomy and respect their values.
    • Maintain confidentiality and professional boundaries.
    • Act in the best interests of the client.

    Tools to Develop Clinical Reasoning

    • Case studies
    • Reflection
    • Mentorship
    • Continuing education
    • Increasing emphasis on health promotion and wellness.
    • Growing recognition of the importance of occupation for well-being.
    • Focus on evidence-based practice and outcomes measurement.
    • Increasing diversity in the OT profession.

    Biomechanics & Biomechanical FOR

    • Reductionism: Breaking down complex systems into smaller parts.
    • Kinematics: Study of motion without considering forces.
    • Focus on movement analysis and functional limitations.

    Behaviorism: Watson, Skinner and Pavlov

    • Focus on observable behaviors and environmental influences.
    • Use of reinforcement and conditioning to shape behavior.

    Vocational Training

    • Supervised work placement in physical and mental health settings.
    • Emphasis on developing work-related skills.

    The Rehabilitation FOR

    • Focus on restoring functional abilities after injury or illness.
    • Emphasis on client-centered care and goal setting.
    • Use of adaptive equipment and assistive devices.

    Mary Reilly's Occupational Behavior Model

    • Emphasizes the importance of occupation for human health and well-being.
    • Focus on the relationship between occupation, mind, and body.

    AOTF Grants and New FORs

    • American Occupational Therapy Foundation grants support research and development of standardized tools for OT practice.
    • State licensure requirements ensure competence and ethical practice.
    • New FORs, models, and clinical considerations are constantly emerging in response to changing societal needs and research findings.

    WHO Classification System & OTPF

    • 2000: World Health Organization revised its classification of health as "more than just the absence of disease."
    • OTPF (Occupational Therapy Practice Framework) published in 2002 with a second edition in 2008.
    • Focus on the holistic view of occupation.

    Occupational Justice

    • Embracing the view that OT practice involves adapting activity demands, removing environmental and social barriers, and promoting equal access to participation in everyday activities.

    Centennial Vision

    • Vision for the future of OT, published in 2017.
    • Envision that occupational therapy will be a powerful, science-driven, and evidence-based profession with a globally connected workforce meeting society's occupational needs.

    Vision 2025

    • "As an inclusive profession, occupational therapy maximizes health, well-being, and quality of life for all people, populations, and communities through effective solutions that facilitate participation in everyday living."

    What is Occupational Science?

    • Basic science that studies human occupations and their relationship to health, well-being, and society.
    • Examines the nature and meaning of occupation across the lifespan.

    Occupational Science as a Basic Science

    • Uses scientific methods to understand and explain occupational phenomena.

    Occupational Science as an Applied Science

    • Applies scientific knowledge to solve practical problems related to occupation.

    Occupational Science as a Translational Science

    • Uses research findings to develop new interventions and improve practice.

    Pressure Ulcer Prevention Research

    • USC Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center has a research program focused on preventing pressure ulcers.

    Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) & Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC)

    • Tools used to assess children's participation and enjoyment in activities.

    Importance of Theoretical Discovery

    • Observation and questioning are essential for identifying and exploring new ideas in research.

    Occupation Based Models

    • Focus on the importance of occupation in human development and well-being.
    • Examples include the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), the Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) model, and the Occupational Adaptation Model.

    Frames of Reference (FORs)

    • Theoretical models that guide OT practice.
    • Provide a framework for assessment, intervention, and evaluation.

    Cognitive Conditions FORs

    • Toglia's Dynamic Interactional FOR: Focuses on the interaction between cognition, environment, and task demands, for individuals with cognitive limitations.
    • Allen's Cognitive Levels: Provides a framework for understanding the cognitive function of clients with cognitive impairments.
    • Psychodynamic FOR: Focuses on the unconscious motivations and experiences that affect behavior.
    • Cognitive Behavioral FOR: Focuses on the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
    • Applied Behavioral FOR: Focuses on changing behaviors through reinforcement and conditioning.
    • Developmental FOR: Focuses on the stages of normal development to guide treatment planning.
    • Motor Learning FOR: Focuses on how individuals learn and improve motor skills.
    • Transtheoretical FOR: Focuses on the stages of change to promote behavioral change.

    Conditions of Praxis and Sensory Processing FORs

    • Sensory Integration: Focuses on the integration of sensory input to improve motor, cognitive, and social skills.
    • Sensory Processing: Focuses on the way the brain registers and responds to incoming sensory information.

    Behavioral Health Conditions FORs

    • Psychodynamic FOR: Focuses on the unconscious motivations and experiences that affect behavior.
    • Cognitive Behavioral FOR: Focuses on the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
    • Applied Behavioral FOR: Focuses on changing behaviors through reinforcement and conditioning.
    • Developmental FOR: Focuses on the stages of normal development to guide treatment planning.

    Physical Conditions FORs

    • Developmental FOR: Focuses on the stages of normal development to guide treatment planning.
    • Motor Learning FOR: Focuses on how individuals learn and improve motor skills.
    • Motor Control FOR: Focuses on how the nervous system controls movement.
    • Biomechanical FOR: Focuses on the mechanics of movement and how forces affect the body.
    • Rehabilitative FOR: Focuses on restoring functional abilities after injury or illness.

    Contemporary View of FORs

    • FORs should be evidence-based and supported by research.
    • FORs should be client-centered and tailored to individual needs.
    • FORs should be used in a holistic and integrated manner.

    Therapeutic Use of Self

    • The intentional use of the therapist's personality and communication skills to enhance the therapeutic relationship.

    Therapeutic Use of Self Lecture

    • The Intentional Relationship Model describes the therapist's tasks in establishing and sustaining a productive relationship with a client.
    • The four main components are:
      • Purposeful Engagement: Actively participating in the session.
      • Growth-Facilitating: Helping the client develop new skills and perspectives.
      • Client-Centered: Putting the client's needs and goals at the center of the therapy process.
      • Therapeutic use of self: Intentionally using your personality and communication skills to enhance the relationship.

    Systems Theory

    • Focuses on the interconnectedness of parts within a whole system.
    • Emphasizes the importance of understanding the client's environment and social context.

    Social Cognitive Theory

    • Focuses on the reciprocal interaction between individuals, their behaviors, and their environment.
    • Emphasizes the role of cognitive processes, such as self-efficacy and observational learning, in shaping behavior.

    Human Agency

    • The ability to influence oneself and others.
    • Refers to the capacity to act autonomously and make choices.
    • The ability to take initiative and shape one's own destiny.

    Four Core Features of Human Agency

    • Intentionality: The ability to plan and set goals.
    • Forethought: The ability to anticipate the consequences of actions.
    • Self-reactiveness: The ability to monitor and regulate one's own behavior.
    • Self-reflectiveness: The ability to reflect on one's experiences and learn from them.

    Federal Initiatives

    • Affordable Care Act (ACA) emphasizes disease prevention, wellness promotion, and access to healthcare.

    Health Promotion

    • The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and well-being.
    • Focuses on preventing disease and promoting healthy lifestyles.

    Levels of Prevention

    • Primary prevention: Addresses risk factors before the onset of illness or injury.
    • Secondary prevention: Aims to detect and intervene in early stages of disease or injury.
    • Tertiary prevention: Focuses on managing and preventing complications of chronic health conditions.

    Wilcock's Theory of Risk Factors

    • Occupational imbalance, deprivation, and alienation can lead to illness and death.
    • Focuses on the interaction between individual, occupational, and societal factors that affect health.

    Occupational Imbalance

    • A configuration of activities that does not allow for the higher order needs to be met.
    • This imbalance creates occupational stress.

    Occupational Deprivation

    • The lack of opportunities to engage in meaningful occupations.
    • Can result from limited access to resources, physical or social limitations, or societal constraints.

    Occupational Alienation

    • A sense of disconnection from one's work and other activities.
    • Can result from feeling unfulfilled, powerless, or exploited.

    The Eight Dimensions of Wellness

    • Physical: Maintaining physical health, engaging in regular exercise, and eating a healthy diet.
    • Emotional: Being aware of and managing emotions.
    • Intellectual: Engaging in stimulating mental activities and lifelong learning.
    • Social: Developing and maintaining healthy relationships.
    • Spiritual: Exploring meaning and purpose in life.
    • Environmental: Creating a healthy and supportive living environment.
    • Occupational: Engaging in meaningful work, leisure, and self-care activities.
    • Financial: Managing finances responsibly.

    Wellness Programming

    • Chronic Disease Self Management Program: Provides people with chronic health conditions with tools and strategies to manage their conditions and improve their quality of life.
    • Lifestyle Redesign: Helps individuals make changes to their lifestyle to improve their health and well-being.

    Recovery Model

    • Focuses on the process of change in individuals improving their health and wellness, self-direction, and striving for full potential.
    • Emphasizes self-determination and empowerment.
    • Key factors include self-determination, self-acceptance, peer support, and strength-based approaches.

    Motivational Interviewing

    • A collaborative communication style for strengthening a person's motivation for change.
    • Emphasizes the individual's own goals and values.

    Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change Model)

    • Focuses on the stages of change people go through when making behavioral changes.
    • The stages include:
      • Precontemplation: Not considering change.
      • Contemplation: Thinking about change.
      • Preparation: Planning for change.
      • Action: Making changes.
      • Maintenance: Sustaining changes.
      • Relapse: Reverting to old behaviors.

    Trauma Informed Care

    • Recognizes the impact of trauma on individuals and communities.
    • Focuses on creating safe and supportive environments that promote healing and recovery.

    Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

    • Potentially traumatic events occurring in childhood.
    • Examples include physical or emotional abuse, neglect, parental separation or divorce, and witnessing violence.

    California Kaiser ACE Study

    • Study of 17,337 people found a strong relationship between ACEs and various health problems, including:
      • Heart disease
      • Cancer
      • Diabetes
      • Mental health disorders
      • Substance use disorders
      • Increased risk of chronic diseases and mortality
      • Exposure to violence as a child can cause lifelong effects.

    Clinical/Professional Reasoning

    • The process practitioners use to plan, implement, and reflect on client care.

    Therapist and Client

    • Focuses on understanding the client's perspective.
    • Emphasizes the importance of building a therapeutic relationship.

    Therapist

    • Therapist uses their knowledge, skills, and experience to guide therapy.
    • Emphasizes the therapist's role in promoting client well-being.

    Therapeutic Context

    • Recognizes the influence of the environmental and social context on therapy.

    Model of Clinical/Professional Reasoning

    • Narrative Reasoning: Focuses on the client's story and understanding their experiences.
    • Procedural Reasoning: Focuses on the steps and techniques required to complete a task.
    • Interactive Reasoning: Focuses on the relationship between the therapist and client.
    • Conditional Reasoning: Focuses on the potential outcomes of different treatment options.
    • Scientific Reasoning: Focuses on the scientific basis of practice and evidence-informed care.

    Clinical/Professional Reasoning In Practice

    • Narrative Reasoning: Understanding the client's story is essential.
    • Procedural Reasoning: Skills for performing tasks are required.
    • Interactive Reasoning: Building a strong relationship with your client can influence success.
    • Conditional Reasoning: What options are available, and what are the potential risks and benefits?

    Narrative Reasoning

    • Focuses on the client's story and understanding their experiences.

    Scientific Reasoning

    • Understands the disease course, the typical pattern of injury or illness, and resulting functional performance.
    • Example: A client with COPD struggles with ADLs, specifically bathing. The OT understands that their reduced lung capacity limits tolerance to physical activity. They focus on educating the client on energy conservation techniques during their morning routine.

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    Theory Exam 1 Powerpoint Outlines PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts and reasoning methods in occupational therapy, including IADLs, pragmatic reasoning, and ethical considerations. Test your understanding of models like Mary Reilly's Occupational Behavior Model and the evolution of occupational therapy practice. Ideal for students and professionals in the field.

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