The Social Self: Relating with Others PDF

THE SOCIAL SELF Relating with Others  The Social Self SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS FACTORS AND CONDITIONS IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAIN RELATED TO SOCIAL SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS RELATIONSHIPS Learning Outcomes 1. Explain t...

THE SOCIAL SELF Relating with Others  The Social Self SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS FACTORS AND CONDITIONS IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAIN RELATED TO SOCIAL SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS RELATIONSHIPS Learning Outcomes 1. Explain the basic concepts of social relationship 2.Discuss how relationships w/ others could be enhanced and improved by applying the ideas on social relationships 3.Identify and evaluate critical factors for meaningful social relationships from those behaviors that are not acceptable 4.Analyze your behaviors to achieve harmonious relationships with others  SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY  Social Psychology The study of relationships or interactions is called social psychology. Lahey defines social psychology as the branch of psychology that studies individuals as they interact with others. Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian state that it is a broad field whose goal is to understand and explain how thoughts, feelings, perceptions and behaviors are influenced by the presence or, o interactions w/, others. Gerrig and Zimbardo it is the study of the effect of social factors on individual behavior, attitudes, perceptions, and motives. Thus, social psychology is the study of group and intergroup phenomena. Interaction and Relationship ◦ Interaction refers to the mutual and reciprocal exchange of communication or action b/w two or more persons or groups. Interaction is always a component of a relationship ◦ Relationships refers to a particular way in which two or more individuals, groups or even countries talk to behave toward or deal with each other. It includes not only the kind of interaction between the members but also the intellectual, psychological or even emotional investment made by the parties to develop and maintain the relationship. One a relationship w/ other people or groups is established, it is important to maintain and nurture that association. Person Perception ◦In psychology, person perception refers to forming impressions and making judgment about another persons likability after seeing or meeting him/her. The assessment involves as well what kind of person one is, including his/her intentions, traits, and behaviors. First impressions, w/c are formed w/n a very short time w/ little conscious thought and biased by past experiences, are part of person perception Person Perception ◦Another factor that influence one‟ judgment or perception is physical appearance. People usually use external appearance as immediate basis for assessing, judging or evaluating others. But, it is wrong to judge the character of a person on the basis of first impressions because biases and errors may occur. It is advisable to validate perception through observations, gathering of feedback and reports and interaction among others, before making judgment Social Norms ◦ Norms are patterns or traits characterized as typical or usual for a group. Other terms associated with norms are “average” and normal. Norms change over time. ◦ Social norms refer to spoken and unspoken rules for behaving in particular situations. Norms in social behavior serve to guide or regulate the manner in w/c people conduct themselves. Behaviors have to be controlled or regulated because of social consequences. Together as a Group ◦ In social situations, where people work and do things together for a purpose, two things may happen. ◦ 1st, the performance of each individual member of the group is improved. This is also referred to as social facilitation. ◦ 2nd, working with group may also reduce individual effort, a phenomenon known as social loafing. Example, if a group may no longer try their best to contribute to the solution because they feel that there are others who can do it better. ◦ One must bear in mind that in a group work, it is important that each Ex. two groups w/ 3 members each in a javelin member exerts his/ her best effort to facilitate the attainment of the throw competition. The rule is to add the objectives of the group as a whole individual distances traveled by the javelin for each group. In this case, each member will exert tier best to throw the javelin to the farthest point possible.  Conformity ◦It refers to yielding to group pressure to act as everyone does, even when no direct request has been made. It is the tendency to behave like others in the group do. ◦This is brought about by two motivations: to gain reward [approval] or avoid punishment [disapproval]; and to gain information. ◦Some factors make conformity more likely to exist in a group: 1] size of the group; 2 unanimous group; 3 culture; and 4 gender.  Social Roles ◦Social roles specify the part or position of a person in society. It specifies behavior expected to be exhibited by an individual in practicing his role. So, when a mother is at home, she plays the role of a parent; if she is in office as the manager, then she plays the role of a boss. ◦It is important to note that social role play a positive role in society. W/o these delineated roles, a student, for example, will not know to expect from his teacher. ◦A sociogram indicates the social structure of a group and the relationship of people w/n the group. It shows who are popular, isolates, islands, and mutual friends. NATURE AND DEPTH OF RELATIONSHIPS Relationships among the are important mostThey can ou lives. aspects r conflicted, be th lac of positive but relationsh could e k asof ip creates or be the worst of all, it loneliness. Nature and Depth of Relationships Familiarity Attraction Love Attitude Familiarity ◦It refers to being comfortable w/ another person and is necessary condition for a close relationship to develop. Research has shown that people like to associate w/ others who are similar to them in terms of the following: attitudes, behavior patterns, personal characteristics, taste in fashion, intelligence, personality and the like. Attraction ◦Attraction may lead to deeper relationship Love ◦It is a special attachment one has for himself/herself or for somebody else. It is an intense felling of deep affection and welfare of the other. 3 of the most common kinds of love are as follows: 1.Romantic love – called as passionate love, it includes an intermingling of different emotions: fear, anger, sexual desire, joy and jealousy among others. 2.Affectionate love – referred to as compassionate love, it is a type of love that occurs when someone has deep and caring affection for a person and desires to have her near constantly. 3.Consummate love – the strongest and fullest type of love. This ideal form of love involves passion, intimacy and commitment. Triangular Theory of Love ◦In 1985, Robert Sternberg postulated that love is made of 3 components passion, intimacy, and commitment. Passion has something to do w/ physical and sexual attraction to another. Intimacy is characterized by emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing of the relationship. Commitment is the cognitive appraisal of the relationship and the intent to maintain it even in the face of problems. Interpretations on the illustration are as follows 1. If passion is the only ingredient present, the feeling is infatuation, as in a fling or an affair. 2. Intimacy and commitment w/o passion show affectionate love. 3. The combination of passion and commitment w/o intimacy results in fatuous love. 4. Consummate love is achieved if all three components are present. ◦ Every person is capable of loving. W/o love, people become lonely and social relationships suffer. People who freely share and give love and are loved in return, are happy people. Attitudes ◦Attitudes are beliefs that predispose people to act and feel in certain ways towards people, objects or ideas. It can either be positive or negative. A positive attitude reflects a happy, pleasant and optimistic disposition. On the contrary, a negative attitude associates with pessimism or general feeling of dislike. 3 Distinct Features of an Attitude include: 1. Belief 2. Feelings, 3. Disposition.  Stereotypes ◦ Some stereotypes are based on an outsiders experience w/ a number of people in a group, w/c were concluded as encompassing of all members of the group and oftentimes proven inaccurate. ◦ Negative stereotypes are accompanied by prejudice and discrimination. Prejudice s an unfair, biased, intolerant attitude or opinion towards members of a group. Discrimination is an unfair behavior or treatment towards the members of a group. ◦ Discrimination against people based on their skin, color or race or ethnic heritage is called racism, while discrimination against people because of their gender is referred to as sexism. ◦END